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1.
武汉东湖不同湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构的比较   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
鲁敏  谢平 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(2):174-181
对武汉东湖 4个不同营养水平和不同滤食性鱼类密度的湖区 1 993— 1 998年期间的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,营养水平及滤食性鱼类的密度以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ站的次序依次下降 ;各站间浮游甲壳动物总生物量及各类群 (枝角类、剑水蚤和哲水蚤 )的生物量差异较大 ,并且哲水蚤相对于剑水蚤的优势度以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ站的次序上升。浮游甲壳动物优势种结构在Ⅰ、Ⅱ站与Ⅲ、Ⅳ站间的差异尤为明显 :近邻剑水蚤与微型裸腹生物量在营养水平及鱼类生物量高的Ⅰ、Ⅱ站显著较高 ,而盔型透明的生物量在营养水平及鱼类生物量较低的Ⅲ站显著较高 ,表明水体的营养水平及滤食性鱼类的捕食压力是导致浮游甲壳动物群落在东湖不同湖区具有不同分布格局的重要因素  相似文献   

2.
千岛湖水华发生与主要环境因子的相关性分析   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
藻类水华的发生通常被认为是水体富营养化的结果或表征。然而这种对水华发生机制的经典理解却不能很好地解释千岛湖在营养盐较高时没有发生水华而在较低时却发生了水华的现实。通过对千岛湖发生水华前后与其相关的主要生态因子所做的调查和分析结果表明,千岛湖发生大面积水华时的水体营养盐(TN和TP)含量、水位和银鱼生物量等指标均没有与水体历年(1993~1997年)未发生水华时的相应指标存在显著差异(P>0.05);同时也有证据表明,水体浮游动物密度在水华发生前后出现显著差异的可能性很小,且水体也仍处于中营养程度。只有鲢鳙生物量在发生水华时显著小于没有发生水华时的历年生物量平均值。此外,温度也常被认为是诱发水华暴发的一个重要环境因素,但分析认为,水温是周期性变动因子,千岛湖历年的水温并没有显示1998和1999年有任何异常。综合上述分析后认为,千岛湖1998、1999年大面积水华的发生,可能与水体中鲢鳙生物量的显著减少有密切关系。但银鱼的大量存在,遏制了浮游动物的数量,使低鲢鳙生物量和低浮游生物量同时出现成为可能,从而也可能成为导致水华发生的原因之一。  相似文献   

3.
钱塘江流域浮游甲壳动物的分布与季节变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了阐明钱塘江流域主要河段水生态环境状况,2006年在钱塘江的干流及支流设置10个监测采样点,按季节采集浮游甲壳动物。标本分析显示,共采集浮游甲壳动物到32种,其中枝角类5科19种,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别为7种、9种、8种和6种,优势种为远东裸腹溞(Moina weismanni)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和脆弱象鼻溞(Bosmina fatalis);桡足类共鉴定3目13种,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别为3种、4种、5种和10种,优势种为广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和棘尾刺剑水蚤(Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus)。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季枝角类的密度分别为1.0、9.0、7.5和2.0 ind/L,生物量分别为0.005、1.195、1.254和0.330 mg/L;桡足类的密度分别为30.2、54.7、167.6、45.9 ind/L,生物量分别为1.53、1.56、4.65和0.89 mg/L。枝角类和桡足类的密度和生物量的最大点都出现在浦阳江的进化。  相似文献   

4.
岱衢洋拖网甲壳动物多样性的季节变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)与2011年冬季(2月)对岱衢洋进行的共4个航次的底拖网渔业资源调查资料,对该海域的甲壳动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,共捕获甲壳动物21种,其中虾类13种、蟹类7种、虾蛄类1种,隶属于2目14科18属;甲壳动物的生物量与尾数密度均以秋季为最高,春季则正好相反,且该两季的生物量与尾数密度间差异均显著(P<0.05);广温广盐种在种类数量、生物量与尾数密度方面均居主导地位;Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)的最小值均出现在冬季,表明该季甲壳动物群落的丰富度、多样性与均匀性都较低,另外,D值、H′值夏、秋两季高,冬、春两季低,与较外海域的情况正好相反,这主要是其对底层水温季节变化的一种响应。  相似文献   

5.
台湾海峡海域细菌产量、生物量及其在微食物环中的作用   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21  
分别于 1 997年 8月 1 0— 1 9日 ,1 998年 2月 2 0日— 3月 7日 ,对台湾海峡进行现场调查 ,在 2 0个站位取得水文、化学和生物学综合参数 ,采用改进的3H 胸苷组入DNA法测定细菌产量 ,采用DAPI( 4’ 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole)染色法测定细菌生物量 ,并研究了细菌对葡萄糖的吸收。结果表明 ,1 .夏季台湾海峡南部细菌产量的平均值为 0 .0 9μgC/(L·h) ,冬季海峡北部各站位细菌产量的平均值为 0 .0 4 7μgC/(L·h) ,比夏季北部海区低约 5 0 %。 2 .夏季各站位表层水有相对较高的细菌生物量 ( 9.97— 2 3.1 6μgC/L)。 3.夏季海峡南部细菌生物量受水团的影响显著 ,冬季北部海区上层水体的生物量比夏季南部海区生物量高 ( 1 1 .40— 2 5 .77μgC/L)。 4.细菌产量和生物量的时空分布受多种环境因素和生物过程的影响。 5 .细菌对葡萄糖的最大潜在吸收能力较低 [Vmax=0 .0 0 1 8μgC/(L·h) ],对葡萄糖的周转率 (Tr)为 0 .6% /d。  相似文献   

6.
南黄海夏季大型底栖动物分布现状   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
2006年夏季(7-8月)在南黄海进行的调查中,共鉴定出192种大型底栖动物,其中多毛类环节动物122种、甲壳动物22种、软体动物33种、棘皮动物8种、其它门类7种,优势种主要为小头虫科(Capitellidae)、掌鳃索沙蚕(Ninopalmate)、圆楔樱蛤(Cadella narutoensis)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、紫蛇尾(Ophiophplis mirabilis)、安岛反体星虫(Phascolosoma onomichianum)等20多种.大型底栖动物的平均栖息密度为102 ind.·m-2,其中多毛类为57 ind.·m-2、甲壳动物为12 ind.·m-2、软体动物为24 ind.·m-2、棘皮动物为6 ind.·m-2;大型底栖动物的平均湿重生物量为29.30 g·m-2,其中多毛类11.98 g·m-2、甲壳动物2.20 g·m-2、软体动物5.56 g·m-2、棘皮动物4.85 g·m-2.在南黄海西部32°30′~36°00′N的较浅水域,大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较高,而南黄海中部深水区大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较低.与2000年夏季调查结果相比,大型底栖动物平均栖息密度偏低,平均生物量相近;与1959年全国海洋综合调查夏季的数据相比平均生物量稍低,但多毛类生物量明显偏大,软体动物生物量偏低.  相似文献   

7.
罗非鱼放养量对盐碱水微型生态系统浮游生物群落的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
报道了放养不同密度的尼罗罗非鱼 (orecohromis niloticus)对微型生态系统浮游生物影响的研究结果。罗非鱼的放养量为 5个水平 (0~ 8.12 kg· m-3 )。结果表明 ,随着罗非鱼放养量的增大 ,蓝藻、金藻、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类的量、p H、和 TN:TP比值下降 ;相反 ,绿藻、硅藻、原生动物、浮游植物叶绿素 a含量、浊度、总碱度、电导率、TN和 TP均增加 ;而在生物量上小型硅藻和绿藻占优势使浮游植物小型化。  相似文献   

8.
浊流可以由两种方式产生 :一是由崩塌形式产生的流体运动 ;二是紊流水—沉积物的混合水在河口处的持续流动 (高密度浊流 ) ( Nor-mark & Piper,1 991 ;Mulder & Syvitski,1 995)。在温和的气候条件下 ,当流体中悬浮沉积物的密度超过 42 kg/ m3时 ,就会产生高密度浊流 ( Mulder & Syvitski,1 995)。而后 ,尽管沉积物会沉积 ,流体仍沿海底流动 ,这是因为通过输送作用 ,浊流中的淡水几乎全被盐水替代( Mulder等 ,1 998b)。这样在流体和周围盐水间就存在密度差。在湖泊和诸如 fjords这样的过渡环境中 ,我们可以经常看到这样的过程( Wright等…  相似文献   

9.
滇池银鱼资源变动的生态学分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以银鱼移植滇池后资源变动的状况为例分析了持续处于高密度状态下的r—选择型种群其密度对个体生长及生物量的影响、种群动态变化之间的关系,并对滇池银鱼衰退的主要原因进行了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
根据2009年8月至2010年6月4个季度月(夏、秋、冬、春季),对位于北黄海獐子岛附近海域所设的13个站进行的大型底栖动物生态调查所获得的资料,对该海域大型底栖动物的种数、密度和生物量的组成及季节变化进行分析研究,采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)、物种丰富度指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)分析该该海域大型底栖动物的物种多样性;并研究了该海域的次级生产力和P/B值的空间分布和季节变化。结果表明,北黄海獐子岛附近海域大型底栖动物全年总种数、年平均栖息密度和年平均生物量分别为211种、699.415个/m2和98.927 g/m2。各季度的种数(S)、平均密度D (个/m2)和平均生物量B (g/m2)的季节变化分别为: S春季(121)>S秋季(118)>S冬季(89)>S夏季(87),D春季(794.58)>D秋季(766.92)>D夏季(674.62)>D冬季(561.54),B春季(180.271)>B夏季(107.121)>B秋季(70.824)>B冬季(37.493)。全年物种多样性指数H’值、物种丰富度指数D值和物种均匀度指数J值分别为2.976、4.135和0.707,该海域大型底栖动物的夏季、秋季和春节平均密度季节变化不明显,但冬季明显较少。而平均生物量和种数的季节变化比较明显,春季较高,冬季较低。该海域的平均次级生产力为15.335g(AFDW)/(m2.a),相对较高。P/B值的平均值为1.239。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract. Seasonal changes in zooplankton biomass, abundance and species composition were studied at a neritic station in the Balearic Sea between April 1993 and May 1994. Sampling was carried out every 10 days in a zone influenced by the main current circulating through the Mallorca channel. Three main peaks of zooplankton biomass and abundance were observed: (1) at the beginning of summer when the thermocline developed, (2) in autumn when the thermocline broke down, and (3) in early spring. The smaller zooplankton fraction (100–250 μm) comprised on average 32 % of the total biomass and 73 % of total abundance. Copepods were the predominant group (64 % of the total abundance) with Clausocalanus, Oithona and Paracalanus being the most abundant genera. Paracalanus parvus, Clausocalanus furcatus, Acartia clausi, Oithona plumifera, Temora stylifera, Centropages typicus and Oncaea mediterranea were found to be the most important species in the area. Other abundant groups were cladocerans (15 %) and meroplankton larvae (12 %), both of which were particularly numerous during the stratified period. The copepod community was characterized by the above‐cited perennial species, which were abundant during the cycle studied. However, the influence of the hydrological conditions of the Balearic Sea, such as the Atlantic water influx and the physical structure of the water column (stratification and mixing), promoted the observed variability in zooplankton as well as the appearance of characteristic species during the annual cycle.  相似文献   

12.
Hydrographic and plankton surveys were conducted over the basin and slope of the southeastern Bering Sea during April, June/July and September of 1994 and in June/July 1995, and seasonal and spatial variations of zooplankton community were investigated in relation to the oceanographic conditions. In July 1994, sea surface temperature (SST) ranged 5.3–8.7 °C, and the thermocline was between 30 and 50 m. In July 1995, however, SST was warmer (7.3–12.4 °C), and the thermocline was shallower (20–30 m). The thermal front at the shelf was also stronger in July 1995 than in July 1994. Surface salinity was higher in 1994 than 1995. A total of 17 taxonomic groups of zooplankton were identified from the plankton samples. In 1994, the highest density was observed in September. Copepods were the major taxon during all surveys. While some taxa such as euphausiids, ostracods, and Neocalanus spp. were most abundant in spring, others such as Calanus spp., Metridia pacifica, chaetognaths, and pteropods were most abundant in September. Adults and late-stage copepodites of Eucalanus bungii were abundant in spring, and were replaced by 1st–3rd stages of copepodites in summer. Zooplankton density was ca. 4 times higher in 1995 than in 1994, in part because of warm water temperature.  相似文献   

13.
A zooplankton index of biotic integrity was developed for the polyhaline waters of the Chesapeake Bay using data from a long-term environmental assessment program in which both zooplankton and water quality were regularly monitored. Summer (July to September) sampling events were classified as either coming from impaired or reference (least-impaired) conditions based on water quality conditions. Seventeen zooplankton community metrics were evaluated under these criteria and nine were chosen for a composite index. These were the Simpson diversity index, and abundance of barnacle larvae, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, total mesozooplankton, and predators. The composite index of biotic integrity correctly classified about 94% of the impaired samples and about 82% of the reference samples. Average classification efficiency was 88%. This index appears to be an effective measure of eutrophication for the summer polyhaline waters of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem.  相似文献   

14.
基于空间自相关的阿根廷滑柔鱼CPUE标准化研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李娜  陈新军  王冉 《海洋学报》2018,40(2):61-68
CPUE的观测往往不是独立的,而是存在空间相关性的。但是,大多数的CPUE标准化方法通常都假设名义CPUE在空间上是相互独立的。为此,本研究以西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼为例,采用2000-2014年1-5月中国大陆鱿钓生产统计数据以及对应的海表温度和叶绿素浓度数据,选择广义线性模型(general linear model,GLM)为基础模型,将空间自相关加入到GLM中,比较标准GLM和4种加入空间自相关的空间GLM的CPUE标准化。根据最小信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion,AIC)及贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian Information Criterion,BIC),空间自相关的GLM的CPUE标准化结果优于标准GLM,其中指数模型的CPUE标准化结果最佳。同时,标准GLM与空间自相关的GLM相比,存在精确度过高估计的问题。因此,在CPUE标准化中,应充分考虑空间自相关这一因素。  相似文献   

15.
西北太平洋柔鱼丰度的灰色灾变预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)为短生命周期的头足类,其资源丰度极易受海洋环境变化影响,年间波动较大。根据1995?2017年西北太平洋柔鱼渔业生产统计数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为资源丰度指数,运用灰色灾变预测方法对上、下限灾变年份建立GM(1, 1)模型,预测未来灾变年份。结果显示,以GLM模型标准化CPUE建立的下限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为15.32%,上限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为8.19%,模型精度检验等级均为Ⅰ级。研究认为,下一个资源丰年(CPUE大于2.39 t/(船·a))将出现在2021年,资源歉年(CPUE小于2.13 t/(船·a))将出现在2027年;太平洋年代际涛动与El Ni?o-La Ni?a事件是驱使柔鱼丰度大幅度波动的重要因素。该预测结果可为西北太平洋鱿钓生产企业和管理部门提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
为查明朱旺港人工礁区游泳动物的群落结构特征及其季节变化,于2010年5~11月和2011年3月对该海域人工礁区和自然对照区进行逐月调查.结果表明,人工礁区游泳动物种类比对照区丰富(1.42倍);并且人工礁区的Margalef种类丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均高于对照区.人工礁区的CPUE也明显高于对照区,人工礁区的Al区(建于2008年)和A2区(建于2009年)分别是自然对照区CA区的1.43和1.55倍,其中经济种类日本蟳的CPUE分别达到2.69和2.97倍.初步体现人工鱼礁投放后的集鱼效果,且礁区游泳动物的群落结构有明显改善.  相似文献   

17.
The southeastern Bering Sea shelf ecosystem is an important fishing ground for fin- and shellfish, and is the summer foraging grounds for many planktivorous seabirds and marine mammals. In 1997 and 1998, Northern Hemisphere climate anomalies affected the physical and biological environment of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. The resulting anomalous conditions provided a valuable opportunity to examine how longer-term climate change might affect this productive ecosystem. We compared historical and recent zooplankton biomass and species composition data for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf to examine whether or not there was a response to the atmosphere–ocean–ice anomalies of 1997 and 1998. Summer zooplankton biomass (1954–1994) over the southeastern shelf did not exhibit a decline as previously reported for oceanic stations. In addition, zooplankton biomass in 1997 and 1998 was not appreciably different from other years in the time series. Spring concentrations of numerically abundant copepods (Acartia spp., Calanus marshallae, and Pseudocalanus spp.), however, were significantly higher during 1994–1998 than 1980–1981; spring concentrations of Metridia pacifica and Neocalanus spp. were not consistently different between the two time periods. Neocalanus spp. was the only taxon to have consistent differences in stage composition between the two time periods—CV copepodites were much more prevalent in May of the 1990s than early 1980s. Since relatively high zooplankton concentrations were observed prior to 1997, we do not attribute the high concentrations observed in the summers of 1997 and 1998 directly to the acute climate anomalies. With the present data it is not possible to distinguish between increased production (control from below) and decreased predation (control from above) to explain the recent increase in concentrations of the species examined.  相似文献   

18.
The IMECOCAL Program began in 1997, with the objective of sampling plankton systematically in the Mexican region of the California Current. We present results of chlorophyll a concentrations and zooplankton displacement volumes for the eight cruises from September 1997 to October 1999. The abundance of 22 zooplankton groups was also analyzed for the first four cruises. The response of plankton to the 1997–1998 El Niño was atypical. From September 1997 to January 1998, chlorophyll a and zooplankton volume were at typical values (median integrated chlorophyll was 27 mg/m2 and zooplankton 100 ml/1000 m3 in 9801/02). After the peak of El Niño, the system shifted to cooler conditions. Integrated chlorophyll gradually increased to a median of 77 mg/m2 in April 1999. In contrast, zooplankton volumes decreased from October 1998 onward, despite favorable phytoplankton availability in 1999. Zooplankton structure was dominated by copepods and chaetognaths through the ENSO cycle, but interannual changes were evident. In the fall of 1997 there was a higher proportion of copepods, chaetognaths, and other minor groups, while the fall of 1998 zooplankton was richer in salps and ostracods. Historical data from previous Baja California CalCOFI cruises indicated that zooplankton volumes measured during the IMECOCAL cruises were above the long-term mean for the period 1951–1984. This suggests a differential response of plankton to the El Niño of 1997–1998 compared to the El Niño of 1957–1959. Regional differences in zooplankton volumes were also found, with central Baja California having 41% higher biomass than northern Baja California. Volumes from both regions were larger than those recorded by CalCOFI off southern California during 1997–1998, but the situation was reversed in 1999. The higher biomasses in the 1997–1998 El Niño can be attributed to high abundance of salps, which showed an affinity with warm, saline water.  相似文献   

19.
基于随机森林的印度洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场预报   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
为了提高远洋渔场预报水平和满足渔业生产的需要,提出了一种基于随机森林建立印度洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)渔场预报模型的方法。选取2002-2009年各个月份印度洋5°×5°格点渔业环境和时空数据(包括海表温度、叶绿素a浓度、表温距平、叶绿素a浓度距平、海表温度梯度强度和海面高度异常等数据)作为预测变量,利用长鳍金枪鱼的CPUE(Catch per unit effort,单位:尾/千钩数)的三分位点将渔区划分为高CPUE、中等CPUE和低CPUE三种类型,作为响应变量,对数据进行训练。结果表明,当随机森林中决策树达到100以上时,袋外数据OOB(out-of-bag)的分类误差率趋于平稳。将训练得到的随机森林用于2010年印度洋长鳍金枪鱼分月渔场的预测,其概率等值面图与实际生产的渔场分布进行叠加比较,显示高CPUE渔场概率分布与实际渔场的位置及范围变化情况符合。通过ROC(Relative Operating Characteristic)分析,高CPUE、中等CPUE和低CPUE的AUC(Area Under ROC Curve)分别达到0.847、0.743和0.803,表明预测精度较高。最后对中等CPUE渔区预测精度相对较低的原因进行了分析。  相似文献   

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