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1.
珠江三角洲中部钻孔PRD20和PRD17晚第四纪以来的沉积记录较为完整,尤其是晚更新世海侵记录良好。以其为研究对象,对两孔的有孔虫微体动物群记录和沉积特征进行了分析和对比,并结合前人研究成果,重建珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的古环境演变,并着重分析了晚更新世海侵事件。约44500 cal a BP以前,研究区为河流环境,发育河道砂砾沉积。约44500—21300 cal a BP,发生晚更新世海侵,形成溺谷型河口湾,两孔沉积物中有孔虫的垂直分布记录了水体条件发生的多次变化,可辨识出2次海侵海退次级旋回;其中PRD20孔中有孔虫以滨岸广盐型占绝对优势,PRD17孔中以滨岸广盐型为主、海相—半咸水型有孔虫占有一定比例,表明研究区位于溺谷湾中径流与潮流共同作用的区域,且PRD20孔受径流影响更大。约21300 cal a BP后,受末次冰盛期海退影响,研究区暴露于地表遭受风化剥蚀,风化产物在PRD20孔表现为1层褐红色砂砾,在PRD17孔表现为1层花斑黏土。约8000 cal a BP,海平面回升导致河水滞留形成沼泽环境,PRD20孔发育1层泥炭层。约8000—5500 cal a BP,PRD20孔发育受径流影响较大的河口湾湾头沉积,仅在全新世海侵最盛时含有少量有孔虫记录。约5500 cal a BP后,研究区发育三角洲平原沉积。受构造抬升影响,PRD17孔地势较高,于约4700 cal a BP才开始重新接受沉积,零星出现潮水搬运而来的有孔虫。 相似文献
2.
位于珠江三角洲西北边缘地区的肇庆高要钻孔岩芯长610cm,其泥炭沉积物记录了全新世的沉积过程、植被演变和人类活动历史.根据木屑及泥炭沉积物的AMS-14C测年,钻孔底部年龄按沉积速率外推大约为6100cal.a B.P..在孔深536～ 175cm段发现以水松(Glyptostrobus pensilis)为主的原位腐木根茎和泥炭沉积.孢粉研究表明近6000年来钻孔所在区域植被类型发生了明显变化,经历了常绿阔叶林→水松森林沼泽→常绿阔叶林→草地沼泽→次生林及草地农田5个阶段.当地的水松沼泽群落在4900～ 2900cal.aB.P.期间十分繁盛,该阶段后期随着沼泽湿地面积的缩小呈现缓慢衰退的趋势;在2900cal.aB.P.左右水松林面积大幅缩小,水松森林沼泽快速转变成浅水及早地莎草科、禾本科为主的草地沼泽;约1700cal.aB.P.后研究区域残余的天然水松基本消失.炭屑分析表明,火灾事件始于距今3500cal.aB.P.,与该地区新石器时代末期相对应,揭示了该区域早期农业的初始时代.乔木植物的比例在2660cal.a B.P.骤减,禾本科、里白/芒箕、松属等先锋属种大量生长,这个过程伴随着炭屑浓度的大幅增加,指示人类刀耕火种活动逐渐增强.研究表明,晚全新世三角洲进积、海岸带推移、潜水位下降和人类活动等综合因素导致了研究区域水松林的消亡,近2600年三角洲早期农业的发展大大加剧了当地水松群落的衰退速度. 相似文献
3.
对取自渤海辽东湾中部LDD7孔的300个沉积物样品进行了微体古生物分析,对196个样品进行了粒度分析,并选取8个层位的底栖有孔虫混合种进行了AMS14C测年,利用线形插值方法建立了该孔的年代地层框架。研究结果表明:自晚更新以来辽东湾中部保持了相对连续的沉积序列,LDD7孔记录了该区约60.85 cal.kaBP以来的沉积环境演化过程。根据垂向上微体化石组合和岩性的变化,将全长50.1 m的沉积物柱状样划分为9个沉积单元,分别代表晚更新世冰期旋回中随着海平面的变化,辽东湾中部区域在不同阶段分别处于海相、陆相或海陆过渡相沉积环境;LDD7孔中共识别出两次主要的海侵过程,分别对应着渤海中部Bc-1孔所记录的献县海侵与黄骅海侵;此次测年结果进一步明确了辽东湾中部两次海侵持续的确切时间,分别是45.84~27.66 cal.kaBP和10.64~0 cal.kaBP。此外,几个相关岩心的年代框架计算结果表明,献县海侵过程中辽东湾南部沉积速率低于中部,而献县海侵之后辽东湾南部的沉降总量和平均沉积速率都明显高于中部。 相似文献
4.
辽东半岛长兴岛八岔沟古泻湖型泥炭的形成及全新世最高海平面 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对辽东半岛西部的长兴岛八岔沟古泻湖平原进行钻孔调查取样,对由海向陆4个不同地点的100余个钻孔样品,进行粘土混浊水导电率测定,区分了八岔沟古泻湖平原的海陆相沉积层,查明了该古泻湖平原的海相层上限的高度.结果表明:该平原各孔的海相层上限高度具有明显的一致性,大约为海拔4.0～4.2 m,此高度代表了该古泻湖平原全新世最高海平面期间海水所达到的平均高潮线的高度.通过测定和讨论覆盖在海相层上的泥炭底部14C年代,明确了该区略早于5 800 cal.aB.P.达到全新世最高海平面.全新世最高海面期的平均海平面高度约为海拔3.4～3.6 m.将此高度与辽东半岛东部大孤山一带的全新世高海平面期(6 000～5 500 cal.aB.P.)的平均海平面的高度值约2 m相对比,显示出在全新世期间辽东半岛西部八岔沟一带较东部的大洋河平原有相对上升的趋势.深达9 m的B3孔的导电率有两个高峰值,反映该平原全新世曾发生过两次海侵,较晚一次海侵的最大范围达到距现代海岸线约1.2 km处. 相似文献
5.
MIS3中期以来北黄海中部陆架古环境演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对北黄海中部陆架DLC70-2孔的岩性、粒度、微体古生物以及AMS14C年代学的分析,探讨了研究区MIS3中期以来的古环境演化。研究表明,北黄海中部陆架MIS3中期以来的沉积环境演化与海平面变化存在良好的对应关系,具有明显的阶段性特征:岩芯22.89~18.50 m段(43 639~42 558 cal yr B.P.)对应MIS3中期海平面上升过程中形成的河口湾相,与上覆地层之间存在明显的沉积间断;随着海平面的逐渐上升,海水自14 602 cal yr B.P. 开始侵入研究区,形成了18.50 m以上的沉积地层,自下而上可划分为末次冰盛期以来海平面上升过程中的河口充填相(18.50~10.02 m,14 602~12 602 cal yr B.P.)-新仙女木事件中晚期海平面停滞期间的河流泛滥平原相(10.02~5.10 m,12 602~10 357 cal yr B.P.)-全新世早中期海平面上升过程中的滨海、浅海相(5.10~0 m,10 357~4 913 cal yr B.P.)。岩芯10.02~5.10 m段(12 602~10 357 cal yr B.P.)记录的源自河流泛滥平原沉积的硬质黏土层与新仙女木事件的全球效应密切相关,可作为新仙女木事件在北黄海陆架响应的一个重要证据。 相似文献
6.
渤海湾西岸现代岸线钻孔记录的全新世沉积环境与相对海面变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以渤海湾西岸现代岸线附近的NP3、CH110和BT113三个钻孔全新世岩心为研究对象,采用沉积岩石学、AMS 14C(accelerator mass spectrometry 14C,加速器质谱14C)测年、微体生物聚类分析等方法精细判别沉积相,重建渤海湾西岸全新世沉积演化历史,并利用微体生物组合分带对水深变化的指示,定量讨论全新世相对海面变化。结果表明:渤海湾西岸全新世受海陆交互作用影响,经历了沼泽-潮滩-浅海-前三角洲-三角洲前缘-三角洲平原环境的演化过程。全新世初始阶段,研究区中部和北部发育沼泽环境,南部未见沉积,与上更新统河流相沉积呈不整合接触。全新世早期,研究区潮滩环境发育。潮滩层厚度约1 m,历时数百至1千余年。至7000 cal BP前后水深增大,研究区进入浅海环境。约6000 cal BP,沿岸南北两端先后进入三角洲过渡环境,中部三角洲环境约开始于1500 cal BP。渤海湾西岸地区全新世的环境演化同时记录了该地区的相对海面变化:约10000 cal BP前后,渤海湾相对海平面已接近21.3~20.4 m。约8000 cal BP,相对海平面介于18.6~17.0 m。约6000 cal BP时相对海平面低于6.8 m,5000~1000 cal BP,相对海平面高于-2.5 m,1000~800 cal BP,相对海平面介于-1.3~-0.4 m。8000~5000 cal BP时,相对海面上升约15.0 m,上升速率达5 m/1 ka。 相似文献
7.
《古地理学报》2017,(3)
长江水下三角洲层序地层学研究有助于全面了解长江三角洲地层特征和沉积环境演化模式。通过对长江水下三角洲下切河谷区YD0901和YD0903孔岩心的详细沉积物粒度、特征元素比值(Cl/Ti和Zr/Rb)、沉积相对比分析,恢复了冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层格架。研究区冰后期以来自下而上依次出现河流相、潮汐河流相、河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相的沉积相序。末次冰期海平面下降,古长江形成下切河谷,古河间地发育硬黏土层,构成五级Ⅰ型层序界面。之后海平面回升,分别于15 cal ka BP和8.0 cal ka BP形成最大海退和最大海侵界面,水下三角洲区域最大海侵发生时间略滞后于平原区,约为7.5 cal ka BP。据此3个层序界面将冰后期地层划分为低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。钻孔岩心记录揭示了14.8 cal ka BP海侵到达研究区;14.8~13 cal ka BP期间,受MWP-1A冰融水事件影响海平面快速上升,海岸线向陆推进速率可达71.9km/ka;海退期间各钻孔沉积速率较低,直至2 cal ka BP开始,沉积速率明显增加。 相似文献
8.
《中国地质调查》2021,(1)
渤海湾西天津南部平原区是研究海侵和海平面变化的天然理想场所。基于2个钻孔(ZKQ1孔和ZK1孔)沉积特征、测年(AMS ~(14)C)及微体古生物和生物壳体等综合研究,推测研究区MIS3阶段第2海侵的最大影响边界在ZK1孔和ZKQ1孔两孔之间,界线西侧表现为河湖相的陆相沉积,界线东侧为滨海湖沼的过渡相沉积,该位置即是现今黑龙港河一带,也曾是古河道故道,推测该期海侵影响范围受到了古河道制约。结合研究区前期3个钻孔(ZKQ4孔、CGZ5孔和CGZ7孔)资料,建立了E→W向(海→陆)联合钻孔对比剖面,进一步对MIS3阶段海侵层位追踪,表明E→W依次由海相(CGZ7孔、CGZ5孔)→过渡相(ZKQ4孔、ZKQ1孔)→陆相(ZK1孔)相变。推测研究区内MIS3阶段海侵边界位于静海区的东尚码头村(CGZ5孔)和高家庄(ZKQ4孔)一带。研究成果对恢复该区域古地理演化、海平面变迁研究以及水工环地质勘查等具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
渑池盆地位于黄河中游,处在黄土高原向华北平原的过渡地带,该区域也是我国东部湿润区和半湿润区的交汇地带。文章通过对位于渑池盆地池底村厚约4mm古湖泊沉积剖面进行了 14 C 年代(校正为日历年龄)、有机碳含量、粒度和地球化学元素组成等测试分析,重建了研究区19.5cal.kaB.P.以来的气候变化过程。19543~9240cal.aB.P.期间,气候比较干旱,风化淋溶作用较弱,湖泊尚未形成; 9240~8039cal.aB.P.为气候过渡时期,气候向暖湿方向转变,古湖泊开始形成; 8039~5368cal.aB.P.为暖湿气候类型,对应于全新世大暖期的鼎盛时期,湖盆流域温暖湿润,湖泊的水位较高; 5368~3439cal.aB.P.为亚暖湿气候类型; 3439~2423cal.aB.P.气候环境比较恶劣,之后气候向干旱化方向发展,又分为两个亚段: 3439~2931cal.aB.P.气候出现剧烈波动,2931~2423cal.aB.P.湖泊干枯。盆地的文化演进与环境变化间存在着耦合关系,环境的变化对应黄河中游地区相继发展的裴李岗文化、仰韶文化、龙山文化和夏商文化。 相似文献
10.
利用取自东海东北部、冲绳海槽西侧陆坡的重力柱状岩芯DOC082(29°13.93′N,128°08.53′E;水深1128m),通过对碳酸钙、有机碳和蛋白石等生源组分含量的分析,结合浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫、放射虫和硅鞭藻等微体古生物化石丰度的变化以及底栖有孔虫属种组成特征,揭示了全新世东海东北部生物生产力的演变。研究结果显示,近10500cal.aB.P.以来生源组分含量和微体古生物化石丰度的演变趋势十分相似,明显分为3个阶段:约4000cal.aB.P.之前的早、中全新世明显偏低,大约在4000cal.aB.P.左右开始突然大幅度上升,而约3000cal.aB.P.以来的晚全新世以持续的高值为显著特征。生源组分含量、微体古生物化石丰度以及底栖有孔虫内生属种Uvigerina和Bulimina百分含量等指标的变化一致指示,东海东北部近10500cal.aB.P.以来古生产力演变的显著特征是早、中全新世明显偏低,约4000cal.aB.P.左右突然且大幅度上升,大约3000cal.aB.P.之后的晚全新世为生物生产力异常的高值期;同时有研究表明该区域的表层海水年平均温度(SST)也呈现了明显的三段式演变:早全新世10500~8400cal.aB.P.期间为持续的高值期、中全新世SST相对稳定、3100~500cal.aB.P.期间的晚全新世为显著的低SST时期[1]。近3000cal.aB.P.以来古生产力的异常高值和表层海水古温度的大幅度下降说明晚全新世区域海洋环境发生了明显的改变。据东海东北部现代生物生产力和表层海水温度的分布特征和控制机制、结合现代ElNio发生期间中国大陆气候和降水异常以及黑潮暖流变异的分析表明,近3000cal.aB.P.来东海东北部的环境异常可能是对晚全新世ElNio活动显著增强的反应。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献