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1.
The phanerozoic within-plate magmatism of Siberia is reviewed. The large igneous provinces (LIPs) consecutively arising in
the Siberian Craton are outlined: the Altai-Sayan LIP, which operated most actively 400–375 Ma ago, the Vilyui LIP, which
was formed from the Middle Devonian to the Early Carboniferous, included; the Barguzin-Vitim LIP (305–275 Ma); the Late Paleozoic
Rift System of Central Asia (318–250 Ma); the Siberian flood basalt (trap) province and the West Siberian rift system (250–247
Ma); and the East Mongolian-West Transbaikal LIP (230–195 Ma), as well as a number of Late-Mesozoic and Cenozoic rift zones
and autonomous volcanic fields formed over the last 160 Ma. The trace-element and isotopic characteristics of the igneous
rocks of the above provinces are reviewed; their mantle origin is substantiated and the prevalence of PREMA, EM2, and EM1
mantle magma sources are shown. The paleogeographic reconstructions based on paleomagnetic data assume that the Iceland hot
spot was situated beneath the Siberian flood basalts 250 Ma ago and that the mantle plumes retained a relatively stable position
irrespective of the movements of the lithospheric plates. At present, the Iceland hot spot occurs near the northern boundary
of the African large low shear velocity province (LLSVP). It is suggested that the within-plate Phanerozoic magmatism of Siberia
was related to the drift of the continent above the hot spots of the African LLSVP. 相似文献
2.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(1):17-31
We investigate extension events in the southern Siberian craton between 1.8 and 0.7 Ga. Signature of Late Paleoproterozoic within-plate extension in the Northern Baikal region is found in 167 4± 29 Ma dike swarms. A Mesoproterozoic extension event was associated with intrusion of the 1535 ± 14 Ma Chernaya Zima granitoids into the Urik-Iya graben deposits. Neoproterozoic extension recorded in the Sayan-Baikal dike belt (740-780 Ma dike complexes) was concurrent with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and the initiation of the Paleoasian passive margin along the southern edge of the Siberian craton. The scale of rifting-related magmatism and the features of the coeval sedimentary complexes in the southern Siberian craton indicate that Late Paleoproterozoic and Early Mesoproterozoic extension did not cause ocean opening, and the Paleoasian Ocean opened as a result of Neoproterozoic rifting. 相似文献
3.
In this paper we present a review of mineral systems in northern Xinjiang,NW China,focussing on the Tianshan,West and East Junggar and Altay orogenic belts,all of which are part of the greater Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).The CAOB is a complex collage of ancient microcontinents,island arcs,oceanic plateaux and oceanic plates,which were amalgamated and accreted in Early Palaeozoic to Early Permian times.The establishment of the CAOB collage was followed by strike-slip movements and affected by intrap... 相似文献
4.
The geological, geochemical, and isotope-geochronological evidence of the events at the final stage of the Neoproterozoic history of the Yenisei Range is considered (beginning from the formation of fragments of the oceanic crust in the region and their accretion to the Siberian Craton until the postaccretionary stage of crustal tension and onset of the Caledonian orogeny). Based on an analysis of new data on the petrogeochemical composition, age, and geodynamic nature of the formation of contrasting rocks in the composition of tectonic mélange of the Near-Yenisei (Prieniseiskaya) regional shear zone, we have found the chronological sequence of events that marks the early stages of the Paleoasian Ocean evolution in the zone of its junction with the Siberian Craton. These events are documented by the continental marginal, ophiolitic, and island-arc geological complexes, each of which has different geochemical features. The most ancient structures are represented by fragments of oceanic crust and island arcs from the Isakovka terrane (700–620 Ma). The age of glaucophane-schist metamorphic units that formed in the paleosubduction zone corresponds to the time interval of 640–620 Ma. The formation of high-pressure tectonites in the suture zone, about 600 Ma in age, marks the finishing stage of accretion of the Isakovka block to the western margin of the Siberian Craton. The final events in the early history of the Asian Paleoocean were related to the formation of Late Vendian riftogenic amygdaloidal basalts (572 ± 6.5 Ma) and intrusion of postcollisional leucogranites of the Osinovka massif (550–540 Ma), which intruded earlier fragments of the oceanic crust in the Isakovka terrane. These data allow us to refine the Late Precambrian stratigraphic scheme in the northwestern Trans-Angarian part of the Yenisei Range and the evolutionary features of the Sayan–Yenisei accretionary belt. The revealed Late Neoproterozoic landmarks of the evolution of the Isakovka terrane are attributed to the terminal phase of the breakup of Rodinia, separation of the Siberian Craton, and opening of the Paleoasian Ocean. 相似文献
5.
长江中下游及其邻区中生代构造体制转换 总被引：16，自引：13，他引：3
长江中下游及其邻区中生代以来经历了特提斯、古亚洲、太平洋三大构造体制复杂的转换过程,地壳活动频繁,不同期次、不同方向、不同性质的构造叠加强烈,并控制了区内的岩浆活动和热液成矿。(1)印支晚期特提斯构造体制作用,具有俯冲带性质的襄樊-广济断裂带和先后具有左旋平移转换断层性质的郯庐断裂带产生。(2)燕山早期特提斯构造体制向古亚洲构造体制和太平洋构造体制转换,其一,晚侏罗世古亚洲构造体制近南北向挤压,桐柏-大别造山带形成共轭剪切带。其二,晚侏罗世与早白垩世之交古太平洋板块活动,NE向展布的华南板内构造形成。(3)燕山晚期脉动式伸展构造产生大规模火山喷发和岩浆活动;晚白垩世-始新世长江中下游地区盆-岭构造形成。(4)喜马拉雅早期太平洋构造体制下近E-W向挤压作用,近S-N向展布的红色盆地发生反转,呈NE-SW向线状展布。 相似文献
6.
Late Mesozoic carbonatite provinces in Central Asia: Their compositions,sources and genetic settings
Identification of the Late Mesozoic carbonatite province in Central Asia is herein discussed. Its regional extent and distribution is investigated, and the areas with manifestations of carbonatite magmatism are described. It is shown that they were developed in terranes with heterogeneous and heterochronous basements: Siberian (Aldan Shield) and North China cratons; Early Paleozoic (Caledonian) and Middle–Late Paleozoic (Hercynian) structures of the Central Asian fold belt (Transbaikal and Tuva zones in Russia; Mongolia). Irrespective of the structural position, the carbonatites were generated within a relatively narrow time interval (150–118 Ma). The geochemical (Sr, LREE, Ba, F and P) specialization of carbonatites of the province is reflected in their mineral composition. Some rocks of the carbonatite complexes always include one or more distinctive minerals: fluorite, Ba–Sr sulfates, Ba–Sr–Ca carbonates, LREE fluorocarbonates, or apatite. Compared to counterparts from other age groups (for example, Maimecha–Kotui group in North Asia), these carbonatites are depleted in Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. It is shown that the Sr and Nd isotope composition of carbonatites correlates with the geological age of the host crust. Rocks of carbonatite complexes associated with cratons are characterized by the lowest εNd(T) and highest ISr(T) values, indicating that their formation involved an ancient lithospheric material. Carbonatite magmatism occurred simultaneously with the largest plateau basalts 130–120 Ma ago in rift zones in the Late Mesozoic intraplate volcanic province of Central Asia. This interval corresponds to timing of global activation of intraplate magmatism processes, suggesting a link of the carbonatite province with these processes. It is shown that fields with the carbonatite magmatism were controlled by small mantle plumes (“hot fingers”) responsible for the Central Asian mantle plume events. 相似文献
7.
中亚造山带作为地球上规模宏伟的造山带之一,是显生宙以来陆壳增生和伸展作用强烈的地区。华北克拉通是世界上最古老的陆块之一,晚中生代以来经历了大规模的伸展作用。中亚造山带与华北克拉通南北相连,悠久的构造演化进程使这一地区成为研究大陆造山及造山后伸展作用的理想场所。本文对新近完成的横过中亚造山带南缘一华北克拉通北缘(洪格尔-怀来)的600 km大地电磁长剖面,进行了严格规范的数据处理、分析和反演,获得了深部电性结构模型,研究了中亚造山带南缘和华北克拉通北缘深部壳幔结构,进而为该区构造演化提供新的依据。沿剖面,上地壳高阻体与分布的花岗岩对应;中、下地壳向北倾斜的高导层与其下方高导体相连,指示出地幔物质上升的通道,该套高导层与高导体可能形成于板块碰撞后的伸展环境,反映出地幔物质的上升作用是碰撞后构造伸展的主要动力。 相似文献
8.
Owing to the lack of early Neoproterozoic geological and geochronological data, most Rodinia supercontinent reconstruction models do not include the Amuria Block in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and the Amuria Block was varying attributed to the North China, Siberian or Tarim tectonic affinities. In this study, we identified one early Neoproterozoic granitic pluton (964–947 Ma) and one early Neoproterozoic sedimentary unit (<906 Ma) in the Erguna Terrane. The samples (964–947 Ma) are I-type granitoids, and show high zircon in-situ εHf(t) (−2.1–10.0) and whole-rock εHf(t) (1.4–4.8) and high εNd(t) (−2.3 to −0.8). These granitoids are characterized by high Zr saturation temperature (TZr) (701–835 °C) and no inherited zircons, suggesting high-degree of partial melting of their source rocks. The granites were likely formed by biotite-/muscovite dehydration melting of subalkaline mafic lower crust in a continental arc setting. Detrital zircons of the sandstone sample define an age peak at 923–906 Ma. Early Neoproterozoic age data compilation from the four Amuria microcontinents (i.e., Erguna, Xing'an, Songnen and Jiamusi terranes) in NE China indicate the presence of two major magmatic flare-ups at 964–880 Ma and 850–740 Ma. Considering that early Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks are absent in the Siberian and North China cratons but widespread in the Tarim Craton, we suggested that the Erguna Terrane was part of the Tarim Craton in the Early Neoproterozoic. The Erguna Terrane may have undergone a two-staged Neoproterozoic tectonic evolutionary history: (1) early Neoproterozoic arc accretion in response to the Rodinia assembly, and (2) middle Neoproterozoic break-away from the SW Tarim Craton associated with the Rodinia breakup. 相似文献
9.
Paleoproterozoic supercontinent: Origin and evolution of accretionary and collisional orogens exemplified in Northern cratons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. V. Mints 《Geotectonics》2007,41(4):257-280
The evolution of the North American, East European, and Siberian cratons is considered. The Paleoproterozoic juvenile associations concentrate largely within mobile belts of two types: (1) volcanic-sedimentary and volcanic-plutonic belts composed of low-grade metamorphic rocks of greenschist to low-temperature amphibolite facies and (2) granulite-gneiss belts with a predominance of high-grade metamorphic rocks of high-temperature amphibolite to ultrahigh-temperature granulite facies. The first kind of mobile belt includes paleosutures made up of not only oceanic and island-arc rock associations formed in the process of evolution of relatively short-lived oceans of the Red Sea type but also peripheral accretionary orogens consisting of oceanic, island-arc, and backarc terranes accreted to continental margins. The formation of the second kind of mobile belt was related to the activity of plumes expressed in vigorous heating of the continental crust; intraplate magmatism; formation of rift depressions filled with sediments, juvenile lavas, and deposits of pyroclastic flows; and metamorphism of lower and middle crustal complexes under conditions of granulite and high-temperature amphibolite facies that, in addition, spreads over the fill of rift depressions. The evolution of mobile belts pertaining to both types ended with thrusting in a collisional setting. Five periods are recognized in Paleoproterozoic history: (1) origin and development of a superplume in the mantle that underlay the Neoarchean supercontinent; this process resulted in separation and displacement of the Fennoscandian fragment of the supercontinent (2.51–2.44 Ga); (2) a period of relatively quiet intraplate evolution complicated by locally developed plume-and plate-tectonic processes (2.44–2.0 (2.11) Ga); (3) the origin of a new superplume in the subcontinental mantle (2.0–1.95 Ga); (4) the complex combination of intense global plume-and plate-tectonic processes that led to the partial breakup of the supercontinent, its subsequent renascence and the accompanying formation of collisional orogens in the inner domains of the renewed Paleoproterozoic supercontinent, and the emergence of accretionary orogens along some of its margins (1.95–1.75 (1.71) Ga); and (5) postorogenic and anorogenic magmatism and metamorphism (<1.75 Ga). 相似文献
10.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):126-158
The accretionary complexes of Central and East Asia (Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, and China) and the Western Pacific (China, Japan, Russia) preserve valuable records of ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS). From a comprehensive synthesis of the nature of occurrence, geochemical characteristics and geochronological features of the oceanic island basalts (OIB) and ophiolite units in the complexes, we track extensive plume-related magmatism in the Paleo-Asian and Paleo-Pacific Oceans. We address the question of continuous versus episodic intraplate magmatism and its contribution to continental growth. An evaluation of the processes of subduction erosion and accretion illustrates continental growth at the active margins of the Siberian, Kazakhstan, Tarim and North China blocks, the collision of which led to the construction of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Most of the OIB-bearing OPS units of the CAOB and the Western Pacific formed in relation to two superplumes: the Asian (Late Neoproterozoic) and the Pacific (Cretaceous), with a continuing hot mantle upwelling in the Pacific region that contributes to the formation of modern OIBs. Our study provides further insights into the processes of continental construction because the accreted seamounts play an important role in the growth of convergent margins and enhance the accumulation of fore-arc sediments. 相似文献
11.
西准噶尔成矿带晚古生代花岗岩类岩浆活动及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中亚造山带是晚古生代地壳显著生长与大规模成矿的重要地区。本文采集了中亚造山带西部的西准噶尔成矿带哈图-别鲁阿嘎希及其附近地区11个岩体共33件花岗岩类样品,对其开展了岩石地球化学与同位素示踪等研究,厘定了该地区晚古生代岩浆活动的特点与大地构造环境,并与哈萨克斯坦境内的巴尔喀什成矿带晚古生代岩浆活动进行了对比。研究表明,哈图地区晚石炭世花岗岩类主要为后碰撞伸展构造环境的A型花岗岩类,别鲁阿嘎希等地区存在洋内俯冲与岛弧环境的埃达克岩,显示了西准噶尔晚古生代构造环境时空变化的复杂性。该地区花岗岩类εNd(t)值较高(+4.62~+7.53)、εSr(t)值为(-57.61~+18.21),具有中亚造山带花岗岩类的共同特征,为古生代增生的新生陆壳,其源区与亏损地幔组分具有亲缘关系,这与巴尔喀什成矿带东段的花岗岩类具有一致性。花岗岩的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值范围分别为18.2776~19.1677、15.5260~15.5796和38.2080~39.0821,为造山带花岗岩类。 相似文献
12.
New petrographic, isotopic-geochemical, and mineralogical data are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Chichinautzin region of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). The geological setting and the peculiarities of the composition of the volcanic rocks from different regions of the belt are compared to the plume-related volcanic rocks from the areas of the Gulf of California, Central America, and the Galapagos hot spot. It was concluded that the composition of the intraplate rocks from the western and eastern parts of the TMVB was subjected to the Californian and Galapagos plumes, respectively. In its turn, the ascending mantle plumes provoke melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle related to the formation of islandarc rocks. The model of the consecutive propagating rifting in the eastward direction suggested by some researchers (Marquez et al., 1999; Verma, 2001) instead of the subduction hypothesis is in agreement with the geological and geophysical data and the isotopic-geochemical peculiarities of the volcanic rocks within the TMVB. 相似文献
13.
This study of metallogeny of the Urals is strongly tied up with a stage-by-stage geodynamic analysis of the orogen. The analysis includes a revised understanding of geodynamic development of the Timanides (development of a deep sedimentary basin since the Mesoproterozoic, ocean formation and subduction in the Neoproterozoic and collision in the Late Ediacaran). For the Uralides, a new interpretation includes relationships between Tagil and Magnitogorsk arcs, arc–continent collision in the Late Devonian, subduction jump in the Early Carboniferous, and thrust stacking in the Late Carboniferous to Permian. Attention is paid to metallogeny of the platform (Middle Jurassic to Paleogene) and neo-orogenic (late Cenozoic) stages. For the first time an effort is made to consider the role of mantle plumes and superplumes in the geodynamic development and metallogeny of this fold belt. Many deposits are polygenetic, and different stages of their formation belong to different geodynamic stages and substages, therefore the deposits becoming additional geodynamic indicators themselves. 相似文献
14.
The paper reviews and integrates geological, geochronological, geochemical and isotope data from 21 intra-oceanic arcs (IOA) of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), which have been identified in the Central Asian Orogenic belt, the world largest accretionary orogeny. The data We discuss structural position of intra-oceanic arc volcanic rocks in association with back-arc terranes and accretionary complexes, major periods of intra-oceanic arc magmatism and related juvenile crustal growth, lithologies of island-arc terranes, geochemical features and typical ranges of Nd isotope values of volcanic rocks. Four groups of IOAs have been recognized: Neoproterozoic – early Cambrian, early Paleozoic, Middle Paleozoic and late Paleozoic. The Neoproterozoic – early Cambrian or Siberian Group includes eleven intra-oceanic arcs of eastern and western Tuva-Sayan (southern Siberia, Russia), northern and southwestern Mongolia and Russian Altai. The Early Paleozoic or Kazakhstan Group includes Selety-Urumbai, Bozshakol-Chingiz and Baydaulet-Aqastau arc terranes of the Kazakh Orocline. The Middle Paleozoic or Southern Group includes six arc terranes in the Tienshan orogen, Chinese Altai, East-Kazakhstan-West Junggar and southern Mongoia. Only one Late Paleozoic intra-oceanic arc has been reliably identified in the CAOB: Bogda in the Chinese Tienshan, probably due to PAO shrinking and termination. The lithologies of the modern and fossil arcs are similar, although the fossil arcs contain more calc-alkaline varieties suggesting either their more evolved character or different conditions of magma generation. Of special importance is identification of back-arc basins in old accretionary orogens, because boninites may be absent in both modern and fossil IOAs. The three typical scenarios of back-arc formation - active margin rifting, intra-oceanic arc rifting and fore-arc rifting were reconstructed in fossil intra-oceanic arcs. Some arcs might be tectonically eroded and/or directly subducted into the deep mantle. Therefore, the structural and compositional records of fossil intra-oceanic arcs in intracontinental orogens allow us to make only minimal estimations of their geometric length, life span, and crust thickness. 相似文献
15.
The type of convergent boundaries forming in the area of mantle plumes is considered. These convergent boundaries (West Pacific type) are characteristic of the western margin of the Pacific. West Pacific-type boundaries are a regular succession of structures from ocean to continent: island arcs, marginal basins, rift basins, and associated OIB-type volcanics at the continental edge. The convergence zones are up to a thousand kilometers wide.Studies of the history of the part of the Central Asian Fold Belt forming the folded periphery of the Siberian continent have shown that the continent drifted above the African plume or corresponding low-velocity mantle province for most of the Phanerozoic (up to the Early Mesozoic inclusive). This fact determined the West Pacific type of convergent boundaries for the accretionary structures of the Central Asian Fold Belt. The drift of Siberia from African to Pacific province in the Late Cenozoic determined the structure and development of the convergent boundary in the western Pacific, including extensive intraplate magmatism in continental Asia in the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. 相似文献
16.
A number of large areas of igneous provinces produced in North Asia in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic include Siberian and Tarim traps and giant rift systems. Among them, the Central Asian Rift System (CARS) has the most complicated structure, evolved during the longest time, and is a large (3000 × 600 km) latitudinally oriented belt of rift zones extending from Transbaikalia and Mongolia to Middle Asia and including the Tarim traps in western China. CARS was produced in the Late Carboniferous, and its further evolution was associated with the lateral migration of rifting zones; it ended in the Early Jurassic and lasted for approximately 110 Ma. CARS was produced on an active continental margin of the Siberian continent and is noted for largest batholiths, which were emplaced simultaneously with rifting. The batholiths are surrounded by rift zones and compose, together with them, concentrically zoned magmatic areas, with crustal (granitoid) magmatism focused within their central portions, whereas mantle (rift-related) magmatism is predominant in troughs and grabens in peripheral zones. The batholiths show geological and isotopic geochemical evidence that their granitoids were produced by the anatexis of the host rocks at active involvement of mantle magmas. Zonal magmatic areas of the type are viewed as analogues of large igneous provinces formed in the environments characteristic of active continental margins. Large within-plate magmatic provinces in North Asia are thought to have been generated in relation to the overlap of at least two mantle plumes by the Siberian continent during its movement above the hot mantle field. In the continental lithosphere, mantle plumes initiated within-plate magmatic activity and facilitated rifting and the generation of traps and alkaline basite and alkali-salic magmatic associations. Because of the stressed states during collision of various type in the continental margin, the mantle melts did not ascend higher than the lowest crustal levels. The thermal effect of these melts on the crustal rocks induced anatexis and eventually predetermined the generation of the batholiths. 相似文献
17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1727-1742
Identifying the crust-mantle interactions in association with the evolution of the Precambrian microcontinents provides critical constraints on the accretionary evolution in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).The Bainaimiao arc terrane(BAT) is one of the most important Precambrian microcontinents in southeastern CAOB,however,few studies have paid attention to the types and the evolving processes of the crust-mantle interactions that occurred before its final accretion onto the northern North China Craton.This study presents an integrated study of geochronology,zircon Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemistry on the latest Neoproterozoic diabases and the Early Paleozoic arc intrusions in the western BAT.The latest Neoproterozoic(ca.546 Ma) diabases display low SiO_2(46.52-49.24 wt.%) with high MgO(8.23-14.41 wt.%),Cr(66-542 ppm) and Ni(50-129 ppm),consisting with mantle origin.Their highly negative zircon ε_(Hf)(t)(-12.0 to-24.7) and high Fe/Mn ratios(62.1-81.7)further indicate a significantly enriched mantle source.Considering that the BAT maybe initially separated from the Tarim Craton with a thickened crustal root,we propose that these diabases were generated through partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle source that had been hybridized by lower-crustal eclogites during foundering of the BAT lower crust.The Early Paleozoic(ca.475-417 Ma) arc intrusions in western BAT can be divided into Periods Ⅰ and Ⅱ at approximately 450 Ma.The Period Ⅰ(450 Ma) intrusions contain abundant mafic minerals like hornblende and pyroxene,and show positive zircon ε_(Hf)(t)(+1.5 to+10.9).They are predominantly medium-K calc-alkaline with broad correlations of SiO2 versus various major and trace elements,which correlate well with the experimental melts produced by the fractional crystallization of primitive hydrous arc magmas at 7 kbar.We assume they were formed through mid-crustal differentiation of the mantle wedge-derived hydrous basaltic melts.By contrast,the Period Ⅱ(≤450 Ma) intrusions are characterized by variable zircon e_(Hf)(t)(-15.0 to+11.5) with irregular variations in most major and trace elements,which are more akin to the arc magmas generated in an open system.The general occurrence of elder inherited zircons,along with the relatively high Mg#(45) of some samples,call upon a derivation from the reworking of the previously subduction-modified BAT lower crust with the input of mantle-derived mafic components.In combination with the Early Paleozoic tectonic melanges flanking western BAT,we infer that the compositional transition from Period Ⅰ to Ⅱ can be attributed to the tectonic transition from south-dipping subduction of Solonker ocean to north-dipping subduction of South Bainaimiao ocean in southeastern CAOB.The above results shed light not only on the latest Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic multiple crust-mantle interactions in western BAT,but also on the associated crustal construction processes before the final arc-continent accretion. 相似文献
18.
Mongolia is located within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The belt is consist of numerous tectonic blocks or terranes, which resulted from collisions during the Early Paleozoic (Caledonian orogeny), Late Paleozoic (Hercynian orogeny) and partly in Early Mesozoic (Indosinian orogeny) (Seng?r et al., 1993; Heubeck, 2001; Badarch et al., 2003). These collisions had a profound effect on the coal-bearing sedimentary basins in Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of Mongolia. A total of more than 200 coal occurrences and deposits are known, of which about 70 have been explored. 相似文献
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The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) formed mainly in the Paleozoic due to the closure of the Paleo-Asian oceanic basins and accompanying prolonged accretion of pelagic sediments, oceanic crust, magmatic arcs, and Precambrian terranes. The timing of subduction–accretion processes and closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean has long been controversial and is addressed in a geochemical and isotopic investigation of mafic rocks, which can yield important insight into the geodynamics of subduction zone environments. The Xilingol Complex, located on the northern subduction–accretion zone of the CAOB, mainly comprises strongly deformed quartzo-feldspathic gneisses with intercalated lenticular or quasi-lamellar amphibolite bodies. An integrated study of the petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of a suite of amphibolites from the complex constrains the nature of the mantle source and the tectono-metamorphic events in the belt. The protoliths of these amphibolites are gabbros and gabbroic diorites that intruded at ca. 340–321 Ma with positive εHf(t) values ranging from + 2.89 to + 12.98. Their TDM1 model ages range from 455 to 855 Ma and peak at 617 Ma, suggesting that these mafic rocks are derived from a depleted continental lithospheric mantle. The primitive magma was generated by variable degrees of partial melting of spinel-bearing peridotites. Fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and hornblende has played a dominant role during magma differentiation with little or no crustal contamination. The mafic rocks are derived from a Late Neoproterozoic depleted mantle source that was subsequently enriched by melts affected by slab-derived fluids and sediments, or melts with a sedimentary source rock. The Carboniferous mafic rocks in the northern accretionary zone of the CAOB record a regional extensional event after the Early Paleozoic subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Both addition of mantle-derived magmas and recycling of oceanic crust played key roles in significant Late Carboniferous (ca. 340–309 Ma) vertical crustal growth in the CAOB. Amphibolite–facies metamorphism (P = 0.34–0.52 GPa, T = 675–708 °C) affected these mafic rocks in the Xilingol Complex at ca. 306–296 Ma, which may be related to the crustal thickening by northward subduction of a forearc oceanic crust beneath the southern margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent. The final formation of the Solonker zone may have lasted until ca. 228 Ma. 相似文献