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举国瞩目的《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已于２００２年１月１日正式实施了，这不仅是我国海洋立法史上的重要里程碑，而且对我省海洋经济持续、快速、健康发展，保障海洋资源的可持续利用必将产生巨大的影响和作用。河北是我国沿海省市之一，拥有海岸线４８７km，海岸带总面积１１３７９．８８km２，潮间带１１６７．９km２，浅海６４５５．６km２，海岛１３２个，面积８．４３km２，构成了我省极其丰富的海洋资源。河北省海洋资源具有以下特点：第一，位于环渤海经济圈的中心地带，南北相邻海洋科技力量雄厚、海洋经济发达的山东和辽… 相似文献
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连云港市位于我国沿海中部,是东海海区的北大门,东临黄海,西通中原,南屏江淮,北接齐鲁,是中国沿海首批14个对外开放城市之一、新亚欧大陆桥的东方桥头堡,也是中国三大海洋特殊开发区之一。拥有176km海岸线、30.6km岛屿岸线和14座基岩海岛,领海基线以内海域面积6677km2,全市滩涂10.67万hm2,有江苏省唯一的基岩港湾海岸40km和仅有的砂质海岸30km,岛屿陆域面积6.22km2。 相似文献
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福建是我国东南沿海重要海洋省份，可作业的海域面积１３．６万km２，大陆海岸线３３２４km，大潮平均高潮时面积大于５００m２的岛屿有１５４６个，沿岸有大小港湾１２５处。海洋港口资源、海洋生物资源、滨海矿产资源、滨海旅游资源、海洋能资源、海水化学资源等都十分丰富，在全国沿海１１个省（市、区）中是名列前茅的，是名符其实的海洋资源大省。同时改革开放以来，海洋在福建省经济建设和社会发展中的战略地位日益提高，广大群众的海洋国土意识也不断提高，海洋经济已日益成为福建省国民经济的重要组成部分。据统计，福建省沿海２３… 相似文献
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21世纪被誉为海洋开发世纪,江苏省委、省政府正在加快建设沿海产业带,“十一五”期间沿海县面临着难得的战略机遇期。射阳地处江苏沿海的中心区域,拥有103km海岸线和2090km2管辖海域,是同时拥有国家二类对外开放口岩和国家级中心渔港的县,拥有江苏面积最大的1.3万hm2国有未利用 相似文献
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唐山地处渤海西北半部的中心地带，南滨渤海，北依燕山，东与秦皇岛市接壤，西与北京、天津二市毗邻，是具有百年历史的中国沿海重工业城市。下辖十县五区两农场，总面积１３万km２，其中市区１０００km２。２０００年全市完成国内生产总值９１５亿元，财政收入４８亿元；年末总人口７００万人，其中市区人口１６８万人，是全国较大城市之一。唐山市拥有１９９．３km的海岸线（占全省的４７．３％），８．２６７万ha潮间带（占全省的７０％）和近２６．６７万ha浅海水域（占全省的５０％），７０个岛屿（均为无居民岛屿，占全省的６５％），… 相似文献
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文章对2000年以来浙江沿海发生的海洋生态灾害概况进行了梳理。浙江沿海的主要海洋生态灾害有赤潮、海洋污损、溢油和生物入侵。2000—2010年的11年间浙江沿海共记录到赤潮、海洋污损(含溢油)灾害820次,累计受灾面积超过91410km2,直接经济损失超过53200万元,溢油量超过2500t。主要入侵生物为互花米草,到2010年,其分布面积已经扩大到6924hm2,主要分布于苍南沿海、温州湾、乐清湾西门岛、台州湾、三门湾、象山港和杭州湾南岸沿海滩涂。此外,文章还回顾了11年来浙江省在省市县三级海洋监测体系建设和赤潮灾害防范措施方面取得的成就,并从政策、技术、宣传3个层面指出了今后的防灾对策。 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘地壳结构探测结果分析 总被引：29，自引：4，他引：29
深部地震和重力资料反演揭示了南海北部陆缘地壳结构在总体上由北部的华南沿海（厚约30km）向南部的洋盆（5──8km）逐渐减薄。南海的近SN向拉张不仅造成南北方向地壳结构的巨大变化，也造成东西向的明显变化。在南海北部陆缘的西部，局部拉张产生了一系列裂谷构造。西沙海槽作为一条狭窄的陆内裂谷向西延伸，海槽南北两侧地壳厚度超过25km，海槽中部地壳减薄至不足10km。西端的莺歌海盆地地壳厚仅5km，缺少明显的壳内反射－折射。在珠江口盆地中部，地壳厚度在下陆坡明显减薄，地壳下部存在较薄的（3──4km）高速层（地震波速7．2──7．5km·s－1）；在珠江口盆地东部，地壳底部存在约 10km厚、300km宽的高速层。在台湾地区，由于弧陆碰撞，曾经减薄的陆壳在碰撞带增厚，莫霍面深度超过30km。南海北部陆缘在裂谷拉张和海底扩张期间岩浆活动平静，表明南海北部陆缘为非火山型陆缘。 相似文献
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青岛市位于黄海之滨、胶州湾畔,是我国东部沿海重要的经济中心城市和港口城市,是中国历史文化名城和滨海旅游胜地。全市海岸线长862.64km,沿岸分布着49处海湾和69个岛屿,拥有滩涂375km2,20m等深线以内浅水域水面3255km2,全市管辖海域1.38万km2,比陆地面积大了约1/3,海洋资源十分丰富。进入21世纪,人类步入了全面认识海洋、综合开发海洋和科学保护海洋的新时期,沿海各地都纷纷调整了发展战略,把加快海洋开发作为沿海城市调整产业结构,促进结构优化升级,增强城市国际竞争力的重要举措。面对新的形势,青岛市将立足于海洋资源、海洋区位、海洋科… 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献