共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
青藏高原东北缘4个强震重点监视区库仑破裂应力的近百年变化和危险性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对青藏高原东北缘地区前人基于多学科研究资料圈定的4个未来强震重点监视区,构建了顾及到中下地壳黏弹性弛豫效应的区域岩石圈模型;考虑1920-2010年期间发生在本区域及其周边的18次Ｍs≥７级强震在这一区域的黏弹性静态库仑破裂应力变化,和长期构造背景加载下的应力积累情况,定量分析了每个重点监视区近百年来的库仑破裂应力变化,并在此基础上初步分析了各重点监视区的未来发震危险性程度。结果表明：西秦岭断裂带监视区和六盘山断裂带监视区均处于长期构造背景场和历史地震影响共同加载应力的状况;而海原断裂带监视区和东昆仑断裂带监视区,如果不考虑长期构造背景的应力加载,则处于地震影响的卸载状况。考虑到这4个重点监视区的大震平均复发周期及上次大震事件的离逝时间,认为西秦岭断裂带监视区的未来强震危险性程度最高,海原断裂带次之,然后是东昆仑断裂带和六盘山断裂带。 相似文献
2.
《地质通报》2020,(7)
鄂尔多斯地块西南缘新构造活动强烈、地震频发,具有复杂多样的构造变形模式和活动特征。为了解鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地壳浅部地应力分布规律及断层稳定性,利用宁夏固原地区的水压致裂地应力测量数据,结合其他实测及震源机制解资料,分析了鄂尔多斯地块西南缘构造应力场特征。结果表明:①研究区2个钻孔的主应力关系整体表现为SHSvSh,水平应力起主导作用,属于走滑型应力状态,钻孔附近最大水平主应力方位平均为N59°W,与震源机制解获得的青藏高原东北缘主压应力方位有差异,推断鄂尔多斯地块西南缘现今NWW向走滑剪切应力环境的形成可能主要受到海原断裂带和六盘山断裂带的影响,应为局部构造和区域构造应力场共同作用的结果。②利用Mohr-Coulomb准则及Byerlee定律,摩擦系数取0.6～1.0,对研究区的现今地应力状态分析后发现,鄂尔多斯地块西南缘海原断裂带和六盘山断裂带的地应力大小未达到地壳浅部断层产生滑动失稳的临界条件,处于较稳定的应力状态。该研究成果为鄂尔多斯地块关键构造部位的断裂活动性分析和地质环境安全评价提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带晚新生代构造变形 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
海原断裂带是青藏高原东北缘的边界断裂带,其新生代以来丰富的构造变形样式是研究高原向北东方向扩展的天然实验室。采自断裂带上盘南华山的磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学结果、横跨海原断裂带的地震反射剖面分析揭示了海原断裂带晚新生代以来经历了先逆冲、后走滑的两阶段变形过程。海原断裂第一阶段强烈的北东方向逆冲推覆变形始于(12±3)Ma,造成了断裂上盘山体的快速隆升与断裂下盘的挠曲变形,同时,破坏了高原东北缘新生代巨型沉积盆地。海原断裂这种挤压变形代表了青藏高原在约12Ma扩展至现今高原东北部,使其成为高原东北缘的最新组成部分。约5.4Ma,海原断裂第二阶段变形以不断增加的左旋走滑分量为特征,沿断裂带所产生的左旋走滑位移被其尾端的六盘山、马东山以东西向的地壳缩短调节吸收。海原断裂上新世左旋走滑运动,可能主要是青藏高原东北缘北东向挤压变形作用后期高原东北部物质沿其主要边界断裂向东有限挤出的结果。 相似文献
4.
粘弹性数值模拟龙门山断裂带应力积累及大震复发周期 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2008年5月12日在低地形变速率的龙门山断裂带上突发汶川强震,引发人们对该地震孕震机制的思考。本文根据GPS观测资料确定边界条件,通过三维粘弹性数值模拟探讨了汶川地震的孕震机理,计算了该区域岩石圈的应力增加速率和积累过程,以及汶川地震同震应力变化与震后应力松弛,在此基础上估算了汶川8.0级大地震的复发周期。数值模拟结果表明:印度板块对欧亚板块的推挤造成青藏高原的物质东流,高原中、下地壳物质在龙门山断裂带处遭到相对坚硬的四川盆地的阻挡之后,部分中、下地壳物质在龙门山断裂带下堆积产生应力集中。两个重要因素为应力集中提供了重要控制作用:其一是青藏高原中、下地壳较低的粘滞系数与四川盆地中、下地壳较高的粘滞系数的差异,其二是从青藏高原到四川盆地的Moho面深度在龙门山断裂带的突变。低应变速率的龙门断裂带岩石圈在数千年时间尺度的应力积累过程中,脆性上地壳的应力随时间近乎线性增长,并且上地壳深部的应力增长率超过浅部,6000年内应力积累最大量达到-21.6MPa,应力增长速率为-0.0036MPa/a;而柔性的中、下地壳以及岩石圈上地幔的应力在增长一段时间之后趋于稳定。在空间上,龙门山断裂带受到的压应力从断层西南向北东方向逐渐减小,而剪应力从西南到北东方向逐渐增大,应力状态有利于地震发生时断层的破裂方式从西南的逆冲运动向北东的逆冲兼走滑运动的方式发展。通过应力积累与地震应力降的计算得到汶川8.0级大地震的复发周期约为5400年。 相似文献
5.
Stress Accumulation of the Longmenshan Fault and Recurrence Interval of Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Viscoelasticity Simulation 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2008年5月12日在低地形变速率的龙门山断裂带上突发汶川强震,引发人们对该地震孕震机制的思考.本文根据GPS观测资料确定边界条件,通过三维粘弹性数值模拟探讨了汶川地震的孕震机理,计算了该区域岩石圈的应力增加速率和积累过程,以及汶川地震同震应力变化与震后应力松弛,在此基础上估算了汶川8.0级大地震的复发周期.数值模拟结果表明:印度板块对欧亚板块的推挤造成青藏高原的物质东流,高原中、下地壳物质在龙门山断裂带处遭到相对坚硬的四川盆地的阻挡之后,部分中、下地壳物质在龙门山断裂带下堆积产生应力集中.两个重要因素为应力集中提供了重要控制作用:其一是青藏高原中、下地壳较低的粘滞系数与四川盆地中、下地壳较高的粘滞系数的差异,其二是从青藏高原到四川盆地的Moho面深度在龙门山断裂带的突变.低应变速率的龙门断裂带岩石圈在数千年时间尺度的应力积累过程中,脆性上地壳的应力随时间近乎线性增长,并且上地壳深部的应力增长率超过浅部,6000年内应力积累最大量达到-21.6MPa,应力增长速率为-0.0036MPa/a;而柔性的中、下地壳以及岩石圈上地幔的应力在增长一段时间之后趋于稳定.在空间上,龙门山断裂带受到的压应力从断层西南向北东方向逐渐减小,而剪应力从西南到北东方向逐渐增大,应力状态有利于地震发生时断层的破裂方式从西南的逆冲运动向北东的逆冲兼走滑运动的方式发展.通过应力积累与地震应力降的计算得到汶川8.0级大地震的复发周期约为5400年. 相似文献
6.
海原断裂带作为青藏高原东北缘构造变形最显著断裂带之一,记录了青藏高原向北东扩展的构造信息。在详细的构造测量基础上,初步提出海原断裂带新生代以来的古构造应力场序列,反演了其新生代构造演化历史。详细构造解析表明,海原断裂带新生代以来主要经历了5个构造演化历史阶段,即始新世-中新世NWSE向构造伸展与沉积盆地发育、中新世晚期-上新世NNESSW向构造挤压与海原断裂带右行走滑活动、上新世末-早更新世NESW向构造挤压与强烈褶皱逆冲活动、晚更新世晚期以来ENEWSW向构造伸展与断陷盆地发育、全新世以来NESW向构造挤压作用与断裂带强烈左行走滑活动。变形分析表明海原断裂带现今地貌格局主要缘于上新世末-早更新世NESW向强烈逆冲活动,后期ENEWSW向构造挤压作用导致断裂走滑活动,并改造了局部地貌,主要表现为沿断裂带发育一系列第四纪小型拉分盆地。该带新生代构造演化研究,为探讨青藏高原东北缘新构造演化提供了具体构造证据。 相似文献
7.
海原-六盘山地区位于现今青藏高原东北部, 该地区活动构造的研究不仅可以为地震安全评价提供依据, 也可以为第四纪青藏高原的扩展提供限定.在野外地质调查的基础上, 运用光释光定年技术, 限定研究区活动构造的活动时间.研究显示, 海原-六盘山断裂和香山-天景山断裂在晚第四纪存在剧烈活动, 产生了如角度不整合(夷平面)、褶皱和断层构造.这些结果表明, 研究区应该作为地震安全评价的重点关注区域, 同时也显示青藏高原东北部在晚第四纪存在持续的扩展. 相似文献
8.
《现代地质》2017,(1)
郯庐断裂带是中国东部大陆规模最大的第四纪活动构造带和地震活动带,断裂带附近现代构造应力场明显控制了其运动方式、活动强度和地震活动,深入研究郯庐断裂带附近地壳浅层现今构造应力场,对于探讨断裂带当前活动性具有重要的科学意义。在参考前人研究成果的基础上,依据郯庐断裂带附近(山东—环渤海—辽宁段)6个600~1 000 m深孔地应力实测数据,初步揭示了断裂带附近地壳浅层应力分布规律,并分析其在不同活动段之间的差异。结合研究区已有其他应力数据(震源机制解、钻孔崩落、应力解除及断层滑动矢量反演数据等),重绘断裂带及邻区地壳现代构造应力场图,基于此详细分析了现今构造应力场主压应力方位特征及其对断裂活动方式的影响。初步结果表明:(1)在构造应力积累水平上,郯庐断裂带山东段西南端应力积累最高,渤海段东、西两侧之辽东半岛应力积累强度次之,辽宁段东北端本溪地区略低于渤海段,山东段北端和河北昌黎两地应力积累强度最低。(2)断裂带山东段南端地应力环境为逆冲型,而北端以正断型为主;渤海段之辽东半岛和河北昌黎及邻区主要为正断型;辽宁段东北端以正断型为主,兼具走滑型应力状态,地壳浅部地应力状态与断裂各段第四纪以来的运动学特征具有较好的一致性。(3)郯庐断裂带山东段及邻区现今构造应力场主压应力优势方位为N70°E,渤海段及邻区为N68°E,辽宁段及邻区为N72°E,各段之间差异不明显,该应力作用方式有利于断裂带产生右旋走滑活动,同时也表明郯庐断裂带所处的华北及辽宁大部地区具有较统一构造应力环境。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原东北缘的地质地貌特征与基本构造格架受阿尔金左行走滑断裂、东昆仑左行走滑断裂和海源左行走滑断裂控制,在青藏高原的碰撞造山过程中地震作用贯穿始终.2011至2012年,作者对青藏高原东北缘东起靖远(海原断裂东段)西至昌马盆地(阿尔金断裂东南)的软沉积物变形(震积岩)进行的系统调研表明,青藏高原东北缘祁连山地区从三叠纪至第四纪各时代(侏罗纪以外)的地层中,均发现丰富的古地震纪录(震积岩).代表性震积岩发现点和层位有:靖远宝积山上三叠统、靖远糜滩乡下白垩统、昌马盆地下白垩统以及赤金堡和酒泉磁窑口附近的第四系.主要的震积岩类型有:液化脉、负载、球-枕构造、液化卷曲、层间微断裂等.根据区域地质资料分析,这些震积岩均分布于区域性大断裂附近.本文简单讨论了主要震积岩发现点与其相邻的区域构造(地震)活动之间的关系,根据靖远附近上三叠统普遍发育震积岩,提出海原断裂带的初始活动时间很可能就在晚三叠世,与青藏高原东缘龙门山地区印支期的造山地震同时期. 相似文献
10.
花海盆地—北山构造带南部位于青藏高原东北缘以北地区,是特提斯洋和古亚洲洋两大构造域的交接部位,自新元古代晚期以来经历了多期次、多阶段的板块裂解-俯冲-碰撞-拼合的演化历史,尤其是中生代以来的逆冲推覆和走滑作用,以及受新生代以来印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应影响,导致青藏高原东北缘的向北扩展,形成了现今复杂的地质地貌结构。其地壳结构记录了多期构造作用的叠加,上地壳结构更是促进我们理解青藏高原东北缘向外的扩展机制及其对周缘块体的改造作用的天然记录本。本文利用2018年中国地质科学院在北山构造带南部完成的180 km深反射地震剖面的初至波(Pg震相)数据,通过层析成像反演方法,获得了花海盆地—北山构造带4 km深度范围内的上地壳P波速度结构。其主要特征为:花海盆地、总口子盆地和扎格高脑盆地均表现为较低的速度和较小的垂向速度梯度;研究区内的晚古生代花岗岩体具有明显的高速异常和较大的垂向速度梯度特征;左行走滑的阿尔金断裂带在花海盆地内表现为向北倾的高角度走滑性质,深度至少切穿花海盆地基底;北山南缘断裂带的推测隐伏区呈现速度等值线下凹的低速异常特征。同时,反演揭示的多处低速异常区指示了北山构造带南部的多处断层发育情况。 相似文献
11.
STYLE AND CONSEQUENCE OF STRAIN PARTITION IN THE NORTHEAST MARGIN OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU 相似文献
12.
Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Mingjun Liu Walter D. Mooney Songlin Li Nihal Okaya Shane Detweiler 《Tectonophysics》2006,420(1-2):253
The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4 km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3 km/s are 0.15 km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45 km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4 km/s and only 0.5 km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the upper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38 km as the crustal thickness increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino–Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms. 相似文献
13.
14.
《Gondwana Research》2013,24(4):1455-1483
The crust and upper mantle in mainland China were relatively densely probed with wide-angle seismic profiling since 1958, and the data have provided constraints on the amalgamation and lithosphere deformation of the continent. Based on the collection and digitization of crustal P-wave velocity models along related wide-angle seismic profiles, we construct several crustal transects across major tectonic units in mainland China. In our study, we analyzed the seismic activity, and seismic energy releases during 1970 and 2010 along them. We present seismogenic layer distribution and calculate the yield stress envelopes of the lithosphere along the transects, yielding a better understanding of the lithosphere rheology strength beneath mainland China. Our results demonstrate that the crustal thicknesses of different tectonic provinces are distinctively different in mainland China. The average crustal thickness is greater than 65 km beneath the Tibetan Plateau, about 35 km beneath South China, and about 36–38 km beneath North China and Northeastern China. For the basins, the thickness is ~ 55 km beneath Qaidam, ~ 50 km beneath Tarim, ~ 40 km beneath Sichuan and ~ 35 km beneath Songliao. Our study also shows that the average seismic P-wave velocity is usually slower than the global average, equivalent with a more felsic composition of crust beneath the four tectonic blocks of mainland China resulting from the complex process of lithospheric evolution during Triassic and Cenozoic continent–continent and Mesozoic ocean–continent collisions. We identify characteristically different patterns of seismic activity distribution in different tectonic blocks, with bi-, or even tri-peak distribution of seismic concentration in South Tibet, which may suggest that crustal architecture and composition exert important control role in lithosphere deformation. The calculated yield stress envelopes of lithosphere in mainland China can be divided into three groups. The results indicate that the lithosphere rheology structure can be described by jelly sandwich model in eastern China, and crème brulee models with weak and strong lower crust corresponding to lithosphere beneath the western China and Kunlun orogenic belts, respectively. The spatial distribution of lithospheric rheology structure may provide important constraints on understanding of intra- or inter-plate deformation mechanism, and more studies are needed to further understand the tectonic process(es) accompanying different lithosphere rheology structures. 相似文献
15.
We present a revision and a seismotectonic interpretation of deep crust strike–slip earthquake sequences that occurred in 1990–1991 in the Southern Apennines (Potenza area). The revision is motivated by: i) the striking similarity to a seismic sequence that occurred in 2002 140 km NNW, in an analogous tectonic context (Molise area), suggesting a common seismotectonic environment of regional importance; ii) the close proximity of such deep strike–slip seismicity with shallow extensional seismicity (Apennine area); and iii) the lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of the crust that might justify the observed crustal seismicity. A comparison between the revised 1990–1991 earthquakes and the 2002 earthquakes, as well as the integration of seismological data with a rheological analysis offer new constraints on the regional seismotectonic context of crustal seismicity in the Southern Apennines. The seismological revision consists of a relocation of the aftershock sequences based on newly constrained velocity models. New focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are computed and the active state of stress is constrained via the use of a stress inversion technique. The relationships among the observed seismicity, the crustal structure of the Southern Apennines, and the rheological layering are analysed along a crustal section crossing southern Italy, by computing geotherms and two-mechanism (brittle frictional vs. ductile plastic strength) rheological profiles. The 1990–1991 seismicity is concentrated in a well-defined depth range (mostly between 15 and 23 km depths). This depth range corresponds to the upper pat of the middle crust underlying the Apulian sedimentary cover, in the footwall of the easternmost Apennine thrust system. The 3D distribution of the aftershocks, the fault kinematics, and the stress inversion indicate the activation of a right-lateral strike–slip fault striking N100°E under a stress field characterized by a sub-horizontal N142°-trending σ1 and a sub-horizontal N232°-trending σ3, very similar to the known stress field of the Gargano seismic zone in the Apulian foreland. The apparent anomalous depths of the earthquakes (> 15 km) and the confinement within a relatively narrow depth range are explained by the crustal rheology, which consists of a strong brittle layer at mid crustal depths sandwiched between two plastic horizons. This articulated rheological stratification is typical of the central part of the Southern Apennine crust, where the Apulian crust is overthrusted by Apennine units. Both the Potenza 1990–1991 and the Molise 2002 seismic sequences can be interpreted to be due to crustal E–W fault zones within the Apulian crust inherited from previous tectonic phases and overthrusted by Apennine units during the Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene. The present strike–slip tectonic regime reactivated these fault zones and caused them to move with an uneven mechanical behaviour; brittle seismogenic faulting is confined to the strong brittle part of the middle crust. This strong brittle layer might also act as a stress guide able to laterally transmit the deviatoric stresses responsible for the strike–slip regime in the Apulian crust and may explain the close proximity (nearly overlapping) of the strike–slip and normal faulting regimes in the Southern Apennines. From a methodological point of view, it seems that rather simple two-mechanism rheological profiles, though affected by uncertainties, are still a useful tool for estimating the rheological properties and likely seismogenic behaviour of the crust. 相似文献
16.
O. P. Pandey K. Chandrakala P. R. Reddy G. Koti Reddy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(4):457-468
Recent surge in intraplate seismicity has led to detailed geological and geophysical investigations, covering different continental
segments of India including seismogenic region of Latur. A synthesis of such data sets to understand the prevailing tectonic
and thermal state of the Lithosphere beneath Latur region, that witnessed a large scale human loss due to 1993 seismic activity,
has revealed shallow surfacing of denser deeper crustal segments which may have resulted due to ongoing active subsurface
tectonic activity like uplift and erosion since geological past. Below this region, Moho temperature exceeds 500°C, heat flow
input from the mantle is quite high (29–35 mW/m2) and the asthenosphere is shallow (∼100±10 km). It is suggested that stress generated by ongoing upliftment and related subcrustal
thermal anomaly is concentrating in this denser and stronger mafic crust within which earthquakes tend to nucleate. In all
likelihood, the seismic activity witnessed in the region may stem from the deep crustal/lithospheric dynamics rather than
the role of fluids at the hypocentral depth. 相似文献
17.
长江中下游地区多期构造叠加、复合联合作用明显,中生代以来地壳运动频繁、构造活动强烈,地表为桐柏-大别造山带,九岭-江南隆起带,其间为对冲样式构造组合的长江复合构造带。大别造山带前陆深地震反射剖面揭示长江中下游深部为“双鳄鱼构造”状态,大量前陆断褶带的物质被掩盖在大别造山带之下,岩片叠置、断裂交错的镶嵌构造极为发育,下地壳切过莫霍面向北俯冲,是后期岩浆的活动通道和就位空间。综合地球物理剖面揭示下扬子地区南北岩石圈结构差异明显,上地壳南北对冲构造发育;下地壳为向北倾斜的构造带,北部仍向南逆冲,南部切过莫霍面向北俯冲。长江中下游地区上述构造的形成受控于长江陆内异化带的作用,该带是一条陆内岩石圈规模的向北倾斜的破裂带,发生在中国大陆形成之后,不受早期板块界线的控制,是岩石圈规模的大陆异化、物质重建、结构重组的产物;主要结构特征为上地壳对冲式逆断层组合,中地壳为水平流变层,下地壳切过莫霍面由南向北俯冲;形成过程是印支晚期-燕山早期中国陆内近南北向挤压,地壳破碎,岩石圈加厚;燕山晚期大规模伸展拉张,岩浆活动,壳幔混熔。特殊成因机制和演化过程的综合效应是长江陆内异化带的地质内涵。深部物质沿长江陆内异化带上升,在上部地壳内多期叠加构成的构造格架中就位,岩体形态在深部近东西向呈带状,中部状态复杂,浅表受控于多种构造组合形式,见空即灌。 相似文献
18.
最近的地震探测表明，在西昆仑和塔里木结合带有岩石圈根存在。据此，本文提出地壳均衡与岩石圈根拖曳共同作用导致“山隆盆降”的动力学机制假说。利用新近中英合作完成的有限元粘弹塑构造数据模拟技术FEVPLIB，模拟研究了青藏高原西部横过西昆仑和塔里木结合带剖面的这一动力学深化过程。这种模式既能解释高原隆升，又能解释边缘沉积盆地的成因。模拟结果表明，两个大陆碰撞到一起，当岩石圈根一旦形成以后，造山水平挤压力主要来源于岩石圈根的向下拖曳，而印度板块向北挤压沦为次要因素。 相似文献
19.
本文据中-法合作期间的地震广角反射资料阐述了青藏高原的深部地壳结构及构造特征,结合地表地质现象探讨了高原的形成机制。资料表明青藏高原上、下地壳分别增厚一倍左右,最厚处达75km。它是由来自北侧并逐渐向南推挤的强大水平力,使该区地壳与其南部的印度地块相碰并受其阻挡,在经向水平挤压力的长期作用下,该区地壳终于从喜马拉雅运动早期开始,在经向上因地壳片段的褶皱和叠覆而缩短,在垂向上急剧增厚和抬升而形成高原。这是构造力与重力联合作用的结果。 相似文献