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1.
郯庐断裂带山东段深孔地应力测量及其现今活动性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
已有的地表调查和GPS位移测量、深部震源机制等研究结果表明,郯庐断裂山东段现今活动性表现为顺时针压扭性活动特征。为揭示郯庐（郯城－庐江）断裂带山东段地表和深部之间地壳浅表层日本大地震发生后的现今地应力状态和活动特征,在鲁东北部花岗岩地区开展了600 m的钻探工程与地应力测量工作。钻探岩芯编录初步揭示地壳浅表层岩体结构特征,随深度系统的地应力测量结果表明,现今水平主应力起主导作用,易于断层走滑作用发生,且现今最大水平主应力方向为近东西向,反映出郯庐断裂带山东段现今活动特征为压性兼右旋走滑,与地表和深部已有研究成果相吻合。研究成果为郯庐断裂带山东段现今活动性研究补充了新的资料。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带潜在滑动趋势对于区域地壳稳定性评价具有重要的意义。对郯庐断裂带中段(新沂至渤海段)附近12个钻孔共65条实测地应力数据分析,得出该区段最大和最小水平主应力与垂直应力之比Kmax和Kmin的范围,结果表明郯庐断裂带中段主要表现为逆断层的应力状态,局部地区呈现出有利于走滑断层的特征。研究区内应力比K值由西向东逐渐增大,并在东北部达到最大。通过计算得出断层面上的剪应力与有效正应力比值小于Byerlee准则所定义的摩擦系数,说明目前郯庐断裂带中段处于相对稳定状态;同时发现北西向断裂面上的剪应力与有效正应力比值比北东向断裂的大。区内应力积累指标μm的计算结果和地震的分布特征表明,郯庐断裂带中段北西向断裂上地震活动频繁,应力积累程度低;而北东向断层上应力积累程度高,特别是处于郯庐断裂带中段东北部的北东向断层,在应力集中的区域出现地震空白区,推测为断层的锁固段。最终认为在现今应力场下郯庐断裂带中段更易沿北西向的断裂滑动。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带在肥东桃源地区为一混合杂岩带,温压数据显示区域内变形变质环境为中下地壳构造环境。本文对剪切带的应变大小、应变速率、涡度以及应力场等构造特征进行分析测量,结果显示该剪切带所受应力方向为170°左右,夹角为40°～50°,并以简单剪切为主,其变形矿物被拉长。此外,带内发育的长英质糜棱岩流体以及伟晶岩流体均发生同构造变形,本文结合前期年代学研究结果,整合出了3种不同流体之间的关系,并有效限定出带内韧性剪切活动发生在140～124 Ma之间。同时,通过对郯庐断裂带中南段年代学数据统计,发现郯庐断裂带肥东段主要记录了早白垩世的剪切活动,而大别造山带东缘、苏鲁西缘分别记录了同造山年代学数据,断裂带中南段在年代学分布上呈现出明显的空间差异性,反映出郯庐断裂带递进变形的特征。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带山东段的中新生代构造演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在总结郯庐断裂带的最新研究成果的基础上,对郯庐断裂带山东段深部构造特征、运动学特征和内部结构特征进行了分析,并对郯庐断裂带山东段的中新生代构造演化过程进行了研究。在华南华北碰撞造山时期,郯庐断裂带山东段发生了显著的左旋走滑剪切变形。郯庐断裂带山东段在晚侏罗至早始新世(50Ma前)的左旋走滑直接受控于古太平洋板块向东亚大陆的俯冲,板块俯冲边界的应力直接传递到郯庐断裂带导致其发生走滑运动;早白垩世中期至古近纪,郯庐断裂带山东段内部及两侧盆地的伸展则受控于深部岩石圈减薄、地幔底辟导致的裂陷作用。 相似文献
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为查明辽东半岛金州地震活动断裂带现今地应力状态和活动状况,在该断裂带北段熊岳城东侧开展了随深度系统地取心钻探和水压致裂地应力测量工作,完成了600 m钻探深度范围内地应力测量试验27段和水平最大主应力方向测试5段.钻探岩心初步揭示了地壳浅表层的岩体结构特征;随深度系统的地应力测量结果表明,3个主应力关系为SV＞SH＞Sh,垂直应力起主导作用,易于正断作用发生;现今最大水平主应力方向为56°~81°NE,反映NNE走向的金州断裂带北段现今活动具有右行走滑特征.地应力测量结果揭示的金州断裂带正断兼右行走滑特征与已有的该区域研究成果相吻合,为其现今活动性研究补充了新的动力学数据. 相似文献
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分析了郯庐断裂带安徽段地震活动特征,利用近震直达波最大振幅比方法反演了99次中-小地震震源机制,并作了统计和聚类分析。现代地震活动整体上继承了历史地震分布格局,未显示增强趋势;断裂带及邻区应力场P轴和T轴优势方位大致呈近东西向和近南北向分布,现今承受的作用力以近水平或斜向为主,但也存在部分其它方向的应力场和近垂直方向的作用力。震源断层的破裂类型,带内以逆冲(或正断),或近逆冲(或正断)型为主。带附近较明显地呈现出走滑型或近走滑型破裂的优势;北、南亚段应力场有明显差异,即北压南张,其分界大约在北纬32°附近,北西西走向的桥头集—东关断裂是两者间的构造变换带。 相似文献
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李方全 《地壳构造与地壳应力》2010,(1)
1975年初我从地质力学研究所调到地壳应力研究所的前身地震地质大队。1975年海城7.5级地震后我们到海城地震区的海城和营口进行了原地应力测量。海城处于郯庐断裂带上,1976年我们原计划沿郯庐断裂带往南进行应力测量,以了解郯庐断裂带南段的现今活动性。由于邢台地震已经10年,于是1976年5月我们首先在隆尧尧山进行了原地应力测量,以了解邢台地区十年来地应力场有什么变化,然后再沿郯庐断裂去山东、江苏、安徽等地进行原地应力测量。1976年6月初我们完成了尧山的应力测量后,正准备南下到山东时,得知华 相似文献
8.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部板内一条规模最大的强构造变形带与地震活动断裂带,其断裂结构与历史地震活动性具明显的分段活动性。文中通过沿郯庐断裂带中南段的历史地震活动性、精定位背景地震活动性与震源机制解分析,讨论了断裂带的深部几何结构与现今活动习性。现今地震活动在中段主要沿1668年郯城MS 8地震破裂带线性分布,线性条带在泗洪-诸城间延伸约340 km长,为1668年地震长期缓慢衰减的余震序列活动。大震地表破裂遗迹与精定位地震分布都揭示出郯庐断裂带中段的两条全新世活动断裂昌邑-大店断裂与安丘-莒县断裂以右阶斜列的形式共同参与了1668年郯城MS 8地震破裂。精定位震源剖面刻画出两条断裂结构面呈高角度相背而倾,其中昌邑-大店断裂倾向SE,安丘-莒县断裂倾向NW,两条断裂在深部没有合并汇聚。余震活动所代表的1668年地震震源破裂带是郯庐断裂带中现今尚未闭锁的安全段落,对应于高b值段。而未发生破裂的安丘以北段,小震活动不活跃,b值低,现今可能已成为应力积累的闭锁段。震源机制解揭示的断裂应力状态在中段以NE向主压应力为主,表现为右旋走滑活动性质,且存在少量正断分量,南段转为以NEE至近EW向为主,存在少量的逆冲分量。在中段与南段的转折处宿迁-嘉山段,主压应力方向垂直断裂带走向呈NWW向,反映出局部以挤压为主的应力特征,其中泗洪-嘉山段也是历史地震未破裂段,现今小震活动不活跃,因此该段可能更易于应力积累。精定位小震活动在郯庐断裂与北西向断裂相交汇处聚集,反映出北西向断裂的新活动性,以及郯庐断裂带现今的逆冲作用。在断裂带南端,精定位背景地震活动沿与其相交汇的襄樊-广济断裂带东段呈北西向线性分布,表明了该段的现今活动性。 相似文献
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渤海中部的郯庐断裂带在平面上表现为不连续的几条北北东走向断层,地震反射剖面和钻探资料显示断层两侧沉积厚度的巨大差异,表明新近纪以来它们是在沉降运动背景下活动的具有大幅度倾滑位移的正断层,构成渤海盆地内凹陷与凸起的边界。这些断层在剖面上有一定弯曲和倾斜,向下延伸深度不超过10~12km。在此深度以上的地壳浅部,没有水平方向位移以及其它直接变形证据表明郯庐断裂带有走滑运动分量。从地震机制解得到的走滑断层运动反映渤海地区地壳深部的变形及相应的构造应力状态,与浅部残留的伸展构造应力同时存在。根据断裂力学分析,认为中新世末以来渤海浅层新近系内出现的大量近东西向小断裂可能是现代构造应力场作用的结果,与郯庐断裂带或其它基底老断裂没有继承性或派生的成因关系。 相似文献
10.
《地质通报》2020,(7)
鄂尔多斯地块西南缘新构造活动强烈、地震频发,具有复杂多样的构造变形模式和活动特征。为了解鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地壳浅部地应力分布规律及断层稳定性,利用宁夏固原地区的水压致裂地应力测量数据,结合其他实测及震源机制解资料,分析了鄂尔多斯地块西南缘构造应力场特征。结果表明:①研究区2个钻孔的主应力关系整体表现为SHSvSh,水平应力起主导作用,属于走滑型应力状态,钻孔附近最大水平主应力方位平均为N59°W,与震源机制解获得的青藏高原东北缘主压应力方位有差异,推断鄂尔多斯地块西南缘现今NWW向走滑剪切应力环境的形成可能主要受到海原断裂带和六盘山断裂带的影响,应为局部构造和区域构造应力场共同作用的结果。②利用Mohr-Coulomb准则及Byerlee定律,摩擦系数取0.6～1.0,对研究区的现今地应力状态分析后发现,鄂尔多斯地块西南缘海原断裂带和六盘山断裂带的地应力大小未达到地壳浅部断层产生滑动失稳的临界条件,处于较稳定的应力状态。该研究成果为鄂尔多斯地块关键构造部位的断裂活动性分析和地质环境安全评价提供了参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献