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1.
牛首山-罗山断裂带分隔了青藏高原东北缘和鄂尔多斯地块两大构造单元,是青藏高原东北缘最外缘的一条断裂带。通过断裂带内详细的构造变形测量,结合区域构造分析与筛分,获得新生代4期构造应力场。通过年代学的初步研究,提出牛首山-罗山断裂带新生代构造演化序列,即:始新世末-渐新世近N S向挤压逆冲变形、中新世晚期-上新世NWSE向挤压与左行走滑活动、上新世末-中更新世NNESSW向挤压与右行走滑活动、晚更新世以来近E W向挤压与伸展构造。其中强烈的构造变形起始于中新世晚期,表明青藏高原东北缘的边界扩展在中新世晚期已经到达该断裂带。研究结果表明,牛首山-罗山断裂带在不同阶段的构造演化过程与印度欧亚大陆碰撞及青藏高原隆升过程密切相关,同时记录了青藏高原东北缘向外侧扩展和鄂尔多斯地块新生代构造转换的构造过程。  相似文献   

2.
黄兴富  施炜  李恒强  陈龙  岑敏 《地学前缘》2013,20(4):199-210
银川盆地新生代以来主要沿其边界断裂发生多期断陷活动,其边界断裂运动学特征记录了盆地的形成演化历史。基于其边界断裂滑动矢量的详细测量与分析,结合区域构造、盆地内沉积序列以及叠加变形分析,提出银川盆地新生代主要受NWSE向伸展、NESW向伸展与NESW向挤压3期构造应力场控制。结合区域构造演化与相关年代学数据,银川盆地新生代以来主要经历初始断陷、持续断陷与拉分断陷等3期构造演化,始新世-上新世受NWSE向伸展作用控制,银川盆地两侧主边界断裂发生正倾滑活动,导致盆地发生强烈断陷活动,充填了始新世-上新世红色砂岩、砾岩;更新世期间,古构造应力场转变为NESW向伸展,其主边界断裂以左行斜张活动,银川盆地持续断陷沉降;晚更新世晚期(?)以来,在NESW向挤压作用控制下,银川盆地主边界断裂发生强烈右行走滑兼正断活动,盆地受断裂剪切拉张活动,发生拉分断陷沉积。  相似文献   

3.
青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带晚新生代构造变形   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
海原断裂带是青藏高原东北缘的边界断裂带,其新生代以来丰富的构造变形样式是研究高原向北东方向扩展的天然实验室。采自断裂带上盘南华山的磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学结果、横跨海原断裂带的地震反射剖面分析揭示了海原断裂带晚新生代以来经历了先逆冲、后走滑的两阶段变形过程。海原断裂第一阶段强烈的北东方向逆冲推覆变形始于(12±3)Ma,造成了断裂上盘山体的快速隆升与断裂下盘的挠曲变形,同时,破坏了高原东北缘新生代巨型沉积盆地。海原断裂这种挤压变形代表了青藏高原在约12Ma扩展至现今高原东北部,使其成为高原东北缘的最新组成部分。约5.4Ma,海原断裂第二阶段变形以不断增加的左旋走滑分量为特征,沿断裂带所产生的左旋走滑位移被其尾端的六盘山、马东山以东西向的地壳缩短调节吸收。海原断裂上新世左旋走滑运动,可能主要是青藏高原东北缘北东向挤压变形作用后期高原东北部物质沿其主要边界断裂向东有限挤出的结果。  相似文献   

4.
天水盆地是一个位于青藏高原东北缘的晚新生代盆地,西秦岭北缘断裂穿盆而过。盆地内充填了较为完整的晚新生代地层,记录了该区晚新生代以来的构造变形历史,对研究青藏高原北东向扩展的构造响应具有重要意义。本文基于详细的野外构造变形分析与测量,结合已有的年代学与沉积学研究,初步提出天水盆地晚新生代以来构造变形序列与构造应力场,重建其晚新生代构造演化历史。详细研究表明,天水盆地晚新生代以来主要经历了3期构造演化:即中新世早-晚期NW-SE向构造伸展,沉积盆地发育,并伴随碱性超基性火山岩喷发和金刚石矿床形成;中新世晚期-早、中更新世NE-SW向挤压,盆地发生构造反转,其动力学背景可能源于晚新生代青藏高原的北东向扩展,指示高原物质扩散开始显著影响到西秦岭地区;晚更新世以来受近N-S向伸展作用控制,盆地发生向东有限挤出并伴随顺时针旋转,主要由于青藏高原向北东扩展过程中,区域构造挤压应力方向发生顺时针偏转所致。  相似文献   

5.
西秦岭北缘构造带是青藏高原东北部一条重要的北西西向构造带,它由一组近于平行的断裂组成,中部发育活动的左旋走滑断裂,两侧发育向外扩展的多条逆冲断裂,剖面上呈向北偏心的花状构造。自古近纪中晚期以来西秦岭北缘构造带成为青藏高原早期的北东边界,其新生代构造活动控制了两侧的新生代盆地沉积演化和构造变形。在构造带南侧滩歌盆地自古近纪中晚期堆积了一套厚度较大的砾岩和砂岩地层,但未见新近纪地层;沿西秦岭北缘构造带中部在中新世形成具有剪切拉张性质的武山—漳县盆地,沉积了厚度超过千米的砾岩、砂岩和泥岩序列;在构造带北侧陇西盆地从古近纪中晚期至中新世晚期一直处于前陆盆地发育阶段,沉积了连续的新生代地层序列。在中新世晚期以后,整个构造带遭受挤压变形,逆冲活动强烈,中部的武山—漳县盆地和北侧的陇西盆地相继消亡,新生代地层发生强烈构造变形,位于构造带南侧的滩歌盆地也同时发生轻微缩短变形。第四纪晚期以来西秦岭北缘构造带断裂活动主要表现为左旋走滑运动方式,而逆冲断裂活动则迁移到了北东方向的海原断裂和香山—天景山断裂(又称中卫—同心断裂)等构造带之上,实现了大区域范围内的应变分配。  相似文献   

6.
吴晨  陈宣华  丁林 《地学前缘》2023,(3):262-281
祁连造山带位于东特提斯北缘,蛇绿混杂岩带、(超)高压变质岩和弧岩浆岩等广泛发育,是前新生代华北克拉通与柴达木古地块之间多期次俯冲、碰撞和造山形成的复合造山带。现今的祁连山是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带,具有复杂的陆内变形构造和深部结构,记录了新生代高原生长过程中不同阶段的构造变形和盆-山演化历史。本文在区域地质研究资料的综合分析基础上,讨论祁连造山带元古宙变质基底属性、新元古代—古生代古海洋演化和中—新生代构造变形特征,探讨祁连(山)造山带的构造演化过程和陆内变形历史。祁连造山带发育新元古代早期和早古生代两期岩浆弧,分别代表了古祁连洋和(南、北)祁连洋的俯冲-碰撞事件;亲华北的基底属性指示了祁连洋实属陆缘海。新生代青藏高原东北缘发育两阶段构造变形和盆-山演化,在中新世完成了由新生代早期以逆冲断裂活动为主向走滑断裂和逆冲断裂共同作用的转变,随着东昆仑山的快速隆起将古近纪大盆地隔开成两个盆地,即现今的柴达木盆地和可可西里盆地。中新世中晚期以来,青藏高原东北缘的构造格局主要受控于东昆仑和海原两个近乎平行的大型转换挤压构造系统的发育、顺时针旋转和侧向生长。大型走滑断裂系统在造山带内的...  相似文献   

7.
《地学前缘》2017,(5):230-244
西秦岭北缘断裂带新生代以来挤压逆冲变形起始于何时?挤压逆冲变形之前是否经历过伸展拉张过程?北缘断裂带北侧的新生代红层盆地到底是类前陆压陷挠曲盆地还是拉张断陷盆地?上述问题对西秦岭新生代盆-山构造格局重建和印度-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的远程构造响应的时间与方式等科学问题的认识具有重要的地质约束。本文通过对西秦岭北缘构造带内漳县渐新世—中新世含盐红层盆地沉积序列和沉积旋回特征以及盆地边界断裂之间的几何学-运动学关系分析,认为西秦岭北缘构造带内漳县含盐红层盆地具有拉张伸展动力学背景下形成的断陷盆地的地质特征。西秦岭北缘构造带内渐新世—中新世断陷盆地的确定,指示了印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚而导致的青藏高原构造挤压缩短作用至少在盆地沉积充填阶段尚未扩展到西秦岭北缘及以北地区。而漳县含盐红层盆地沉积地层褶皱缩短变形以及之后角度不整合在漳县含盐红层盆地之的上新统韩家沟粗砾岩,可能记录了西秦岭北缘由伸展边界向挤压缩短逆冲边界的转换过程。因此,青藏高原东北缘真正成为青藏高原体系组成部分是在上新世的漳县含盐红层盆地封闭-构造反转之后。这一认识对地学界长期以来认为印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚而导致的高原隆升和构造挤压早在渐新世就已经波及西秦岭北缘的观点提出了挑战。  相似文献   

8.
基于TM遥感图像解译和野外调研,分析了攀西地区大渡河、安宁河深切河谷地貌特征和断裂带构造变形特征,建立了安宁河断裂带晚新生代5阶段变形历史。研究表明,中新世晚期—上新世早期,安宁河断裂以挤压走滑活动为主;上新世晚期至早更新世时期,断裂以斜张走滑活动为主,活动强度较弱;早中更新世之间发生的元谋运动使昔格达组湖相地层褶皱变形;中晚更新世时期发生断陷作用,形成安宁河两堑夹—垒的构造格局;晚更新世—全新世时期又以左旋走滑活动为主。综合安宁河、大渡河河谷地貌和晚新生代地层记录和变形特征,提出了攀西高原晚新生代4阶段隆升模式:中新世早中期(12Ma之前)以缓慢隆升与区域夷平化作用为主,中新世晚期—上新世早期(12~3.4Ma)是高原快速隆升与河流强烈下切的时期,上新世晚期—早更新世(3.4~1.1Ma)为昔格达湖盆发育时期,中晚更新世—全新世(1.1Ma以来)是高原快速隆升与河谷阶地发育时期。最后指出,至上新世晚期(3.4Ma以前),攀西高原海拔高度可能超过了3000m。  相似文献   

9.
临潭-岷县-宕昌断裂带是青藏高原东北缘西秦岭腹地具有构造边界性质的区域断裂带之一,它由多条近于平行的逆冲-走滑断层组成。通过对其主要断层之一的小寨-浦麻断层(F3)典型断层带内断层岩类型和分带特征、构造要素的几何学-运动学特征及构造截切关系等观测分析,表明其主要为新生代形成的一条脆性断层,至少经历了3期具有不同几何学-运动学特征的构造活动历史。第一期表现为向北北东陡倾(倾角为70°~80°)的自北向南高角度逆冲作用;第二期表现为向北北东中等倾斜(倾角为30°~50°)的自北向南逆冲作用;而第三期则表现为向南西陡倾(倾角为60°~70°)的左旋走滑作用。根据断层卷入的最新地层时代、三期变形构造要素产状及截切关系和青藏高原东北缘新生代以来区域断裂活动、沉积盆地演化和地壳隆升过程分析,认为第一期挤压逆冲作用起始于始新世中期(45~50 Ma左右)持续到渐新世初期;第二期挤压逆冲作用发生在中新世末或上新世初,持续到早第四纪;而第3期左旋走滑作用只是晚第四纪以来的构造作用。临潭-岷县-宕昌断裂带的小寨-浦麻断层的三期构造活动可能记录了印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚过程不同阶段在西秦岭的构造动力学响应。第一期挤压逆冲作用可能与印度-欧亚汇聚碰撞高峰期(55~45 Ma)地壳的挤压缩短作用的远程效应有关;而第二期的逆冲作用与青藏高原地壳增厚和高原隆升向东北缘的扩展作用相联系;第三期左旋走滑作用则是晚第四纪以来的构造活动,明显滞后于5Ma青藏高原腹地的东西伸展和挤出走滑作用,这有可能暗示着青藏高原东北缘断裂构造活动及地壳隆升过程与青藏高原腹地并不同步。这为新生代以来印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞作用是逐渐向北扩展生长过程提供了构造地质学约束。  相似文献   

10.
塔里木盆地东南缘中新生代变形史与构造演化   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
通过野外地质调查、地球物理资料解释和沉积相特征分析,构建了塔里木盆地东南缘地区地质大剖面。在平衡恢复的基础上,探讨了中新生代构造变形历史和盆地构造演化过程。结果表明,塔里木盆地东南缘经历了三叠纪末逆冲推覆变形,早侏罗世伸展变形,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压变形,古近纪弱伸展变形和中新世以来逆冲-走滑变形;而塔东南地区盆地构造演化则经历了早侏罗世伸展断陷盆地阶段,中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期坳陷盆地阶段,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压-抬升-剥蚀阶段,古近纪弱伸展盆地阶段和中新世以来陆内走滑型挤压挠曲盆地阶段等五个阶段的演化。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

15.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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