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1.
胶州湾海域表层沉积物细菌多样性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用16S rDNA文库结合PCR-RFLP分析的手段,对胶州湾4个站位沉积物中的细菌多样性和群落特征研究分析。结果表明,沉积物中细菌种类丰富,最多包含分布于14个已知门类的细菌,和一些未被认知的序列;各站位沉积物中优势菌群均为变形菌门和酸杆菌门,其中γ-和δ-变形菌纲为变形菌门中的绝对优势类群,在4个文库序列中平均占42%和16.75%;此外,拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门和放线菌门的种类也较为大量存在。各细菌种群有较明显空间分布差异,可能与不同区域胶州湾环境条件相关。 相似文献
2.
黄海底栖纤毛虫的群落结构与时空变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用密度梯度离心结合定量蛋白银染色(Ludox-QPS)方法,对2010年7月和11月获自黄海海域沉积物中的底栖纤毛虫进行了群落结构研究,并结合环境因子进行了分析。结果表明:7月浒苔暴发期间,纤毛虫现存量以北黄海、南黄海近岸和长江口外海域较高,南黄海离岸站位较低;11月的纤毛虫丰度和生物量均明显高于7月,南黄海近岸站位的丰度和生物量较高,且向外海随水深增大呈减少的趋势。11月丰度和生物量前三位的类群与7月一致,前口类丰度所占比例最高,核残迹类生物量所占比例最高。肉食性纤毛虫均是两个月份的最优势摄食类群。11月纤毛虫的物种数、Margalef指数和香农-威纳指数均高于7月,且均以南黄海近岸海域较高,而离岸海域较低;纤毛虫丰度、生物量、物种数、Margalef和香农-威纳指数与底层水温度和沉积物中值粒径呈显著正相关。冷水团对底栖纤毛虫群落结构和分布有一定的影响,且是多个环境因子的共同影响。两个月份纤毛虫群落间的Jaccard相似系数值高于单个月份南北黄海和冷水团内外的系数值,表明黄海底栖纤毛虫的物种组成在季节间的差异可能小于不同海域之间的差异。7月南黄海近岸较高的纤毛虫现存量和多样性表明,浒苔的死亡和降解可能通过级联效应促进了近岸站位纤毛虫的生长。 相似文献
3.
宁波北仑港冬季浮游细菌多样性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用分子生物学方法对宁波北仑港冬季水体中的浮游细菌多样性进行了研究.提取水样中细菌基因组总DNA,以细菌16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经分子克隆、测序与序列分析,对水样中的细菌建立了16S rDNA克隆文库和系统发生树.结果表明,浮游细菌群落具有较高的多样性,34个克隆子分属2个不同的细菌类群,6个克隆子属于未知类群,优势细菌类群为Pro-teobacteria类群（变形菌类群）,占80%;细菌优势类群顺序为β-Proteobacteria类群（32.5%）、γ-Proteobacteria类群（25%）、α-Proteobacteria类群（15%）、ε-proteobacteria类群（7.5%）、Firmicutes类群（厚壁菌类群）（5%）.这一结果与近年来国内外有关港口微生物多样性的报道较为一致.用DNAStar中Clustalw程序从测序的40个克隆子中选出17个OTU进行系统发育分析,同样表明浮游细菌多样性较强. 相似文献
4.
黄渤海底栖纤毛虫分子多样性和生物地理学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对中国渤海、北黄海和南黄海三个海域底栖纤毛虫的分子多样性与生物地理学进行了研究。从底栖真核微生物18S rDNA的焦磷酸测序数据中提取出隶属于纤毛门的序列,并在此基础上分析了纤毛虫群落的阿尔法多样性和贝塔多样性。结果表明,纤毛虫操作分类单元的丰富度在渤海比北黄海和南黄海都高,但夏冬两季无显著差异。在所有检测的环境因子中,水体深度与阿尔法多样性的相关性最强。就纤毛虫群落组成上看,总体上旋唇纲的序列及操作分类单元丰富度均占优势地位（占比分别为77.0%和66.5%）;旋唇纲主要由环毛亚纲以及未能进一步分类的类群组成。底栖纤毛虫群落结构在三个海域之间显著不同,但夏冬两季无显著差异。从各主要类群的相对比例来看,唯有侧口纲的序列比例在三个区域间呈现显著的不同。偏门特尔分析表明,相对于地理距离和环境因子而言,水体深度在调控底栖纤毛虫群落结构中扮演者更为重要的角色。本研究同时也发现,超过60%的操作分类单元未能被进一步分类到纲或目级水平,约45%的操作分类单元与GenBank数据库中已描述种类的序列相似度低于或等于97%,表明在近海沉积物中可能存在大量待发现的纤毛虫类群或物种。本研究发现底栖纤毛虫阿尔法多样性从北黄海到南黄海降低的趋势,这一点与之前基于形态学方法的调查结果相似。然而,测序数据显示旋唇纲是最主要类群,而形态学调查表明前口纲和核残迹纲是主要类群。本文也探讨了可能造成分子与形态学研究结果差异的一些潜在原因。 相似文献
5.
青岛、威海水域夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以青岛、威海水域夏冬两季表层沉积物中的基因组DNA为模板,扩增沉积物样品中细菌的16S rDNA 片段,并构建其相应文库.进行16S rDNA序列分析,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.分析结果表明:2个站位沉积物样品细菌分别属于11个主要细菌门类,包括:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Plancomycene)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、硝化螺菌门(Nitrospirae)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、高G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和低G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌梭菌门(Clostridiales).其中变形菌门是主要类群,且γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)占优势.与QD2站位相比,QD1站位沉积物细菌多样性随季节变化不大. 相似文献
6.
辽河口沉积物中古菌和细菌群落结构分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本研究旨在了解辽河口表层沉积物中古菌和细菌的群落结构组成、多样性及其与环境因子之间的相关性。采用构建古菌和细菌16S rRNA基因文库的方法,应用Illumina Miseq测序技术进行序列分析。结果表明:辽河口表层沉积物中细菌多样性高于古菌多样性,近岸细菌和古菌多样性高于远岸,即河相区（0.8~7.04）细菌多样性高于混合区（13.1~20.7）和海相区（24.2~31.5）;主要古菌群落为奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota,72.73%）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota,25.05%）,其中泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota,0.001%）只在河相区站位被发现;细菌群落组成中变形菌门（Proteobacteria,61.94%）为该河口的优势菌群,其次为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes,11.21%）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria,5.59%）,其他门类如蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria,3.03%）等比例较小。与环境因子的冗余度分析表明:影响表层沉积物中古菌群落分布的主要环境因子依次为氨盐、泥、酸碱度、盐度、电导率和砂,而细菌群落的分布主要受到溶氧、泥、砂、黏土和总磷的影响。由此可见,不同环境条件下微生物的群落结构存在空间异质性,不同微生物对同一环境条件的响应亦不同。 相似文献
7.
北极深海沉积物中细菌和古菌群落结构研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在北极深海沉积物生态系统中,微生物的群落结构由有机质输入、能量的可用性及其他环境因素决定.然而,全球气候变暖及其导致的冰盖提前融化正在影响微生物的多样性.为描述北极深海沉积物中的微生物群落结构及其与环境因素的相关性,我们利用罗氏454对北极深海沉积物样品的16S rDNA扩增子进行了测序,对细菌和古菌群落的丰富度、成分、结构及其系统发育分类地位进行了描述.硫还原和化能有机营养类是细菌群落中的主要类群;而古细菌群落主要是由微生物的关系最为密切的氨氧化奇古菌门(96.66%)和产甲烷古生菌界(3.21%).这项研究描述了北极极点附近深海沉积物(> 3500米)中的微生物多样性,将为以后研究类似环境中微生物代谢过程和途径等功能分析奠定基础. 相似文献
8.
本文研究了2008年7月黄海冷水团海域可培养细菌的多样性。AODC和DVC计数总菌数和活菌数分别为(1.3~4.8)×105/mL和(0.6~1.6)×105/mL;2216E平板以菌落计数法可培养细菌浓度为(0.56~2.2)×103cfu/mL。从分离到的475株中选取163株进行16S rDNA扩增,并用HhaⅠ酶进行ARDRA(扩增性rDNA限制酶切片段分析)多态性分析,取114株不同带型测序。结果显示,冷水团细菌归为4个细菌类群:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Acti-nobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),共24个属,其中包括α-,β-,γ-变形菌纲;非冷水团细菌也归为这4个门类,共15个属,但未分离到β-变形菌纲。γ-变形菌纲在冷水团和非冷水团区域的不同深度都是优势菌群,不同的是冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例较高(26.8%),而非冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例相对较低(15.6%)。这表明黄海冷水团和非冷水团区域细菌多样性都很丰富,但其群落组成和优势菌群有所不同。此外,16S rDNA测序结果表明,6株细菌可能为海洋细菌新种。 相似文献
9.
海藻叶面附着细菌群落生理特性与荧光原位杂交分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验对青岛沿海10月的石莼以及5月的石莼和裙带菜的叶面附着细菌群落进行了Biolog碳源利用实验,结果表明不同海藻表面的细菌群落碳源利用有较大的差异,且同一种海藻不同的采集时间其细菌群落也有较大的差异.荧光原位杂交方法表明采用EUB-fluo探针比SYBR-Green染色的效果要好; γ-Proteobacteria在不同海藻表面占据了较高的比例;裙带表面观察到了一些特异性链珠状细菌;石莼表面的细菌形态展示了较高的多样性.从海藻表面分离的优势菌落中分离到1株细菌,16SrDNA测序表明该序列与已知的Pseudoalteromonas16S rDNA序列的相似性为99.9%.本研究为海洋无环境公害防污材料的研究提供了一些新的思路. 相似文献
10.
南沙海区沉积物中细菌和古细菌16S rDNA多样性的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用细菌16SrDNA通用引物和PCR扩增等方法,构建了南海南沙海区沉积物16S rDNA文库,并通过RFLP酶切分型对所获得的70个克隆进行测序。从国际分子生物学数据库中调取相关序列,以PAUP4．0分析软件构建序列同源性矩阵和系统发育树图。结果表明,与细菌文库中克隆相似的微生物属于4个细菌类群：变形细菌(Proteobacteria)(60％)、革兰氏阳性细菌(Gram-positivre bacteria)(13％)、浮霉菌(Planetomycetes)(10％)和无硫绿细菌(Green nonsulfur bacteria)(6％),其中变形细菌(包括δ-、γ-和α-变形细菌)是明显的优势类群。采用Blast程序对所有序列基因数据库进行搜索,发现只有一个克隆与已知序列完全相似,说明文库具有极高的多样性。但是对古细菌文库中所获得的克隆子进行二级结构和序列特征分析的结果表明,这些克隆子均为海洋未获培养的细菌,因此在作者的文库中并未有古细菌的发现。 相似文献
11.
This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants. 相似文献
12.
Mauro Celussi Bruno Cataletto Serena Fonda Umani Paola Del Negro 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(12):2193-2205
The identification of bacterial community structure has led, since the beginning of the 1990s, to the idea that bacterioplankton populations are stratified in the water column and that diverse lineages with mostly unknown phenotypes dominate marine microbial communities. The diversity of depth-related assemblages is also reflected in their patterns of activities, as bacteria affiliated to different groups can express different activities in a given ecosystem. We analysed bacterial assemblages (DGGE fingerprinting) and their activities (prokaryotic carbon production, protease, phosphatase, chitinase, beta-glucosidase and lipase activities) in two areas in the Ross Sea, differing mainly in their productivity regime: two stations are located in the Terra Nova Bay polynya area (highly productive during summer) and two close to Cape Adare (low phytoplankton biomass and activity). At every station a pronounced stratification of bacterial assemblages was identified, highlighting epipelagic communities differing substantially from the mesopelagic and the bathypelagic communities. Multivariate analysis suggested that pressure and indirectly light-affected variables (i.e. oxygen and fluorescence) had a great effect on the bacterial communities outcompeting the possible influences of temperature and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Generally activities decreased with depth even though a signal of the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) at one of the northern stations corresponded to an increase in some of the degradative activities, generating some ‘hot spots’ in the profile. We also found that similar assemblages express similar metabolic requirements reflected in analogous patterns of activity (similar degradative potential and leucine uptake rate). Furthermore, the presence of eukaryotic chloroplasts’ 16S rDNA in deep samples highlighted how in some cases the dense surface-water formation (in this case High Salinity Shelf Water—HSSW) and downwelling can affect, at least for some phylotypes, the bacterial (16S rDNA based) community structure of the dark ocean. 相似文献
13.
Bacteria, as the most abundant sediment organism, play a major role in the fate of pollutants. Therefore, many pollutant-related bacteria have been studied in harbor sediments, yet the entire bacterial profiles have not been reported. The bacterial diversity and community structures from sediments in Victoria Harbor (Hong Kong), including two polluted (VH and VHW) and two adjacent (open oceanic, TLC; estuary discharge affected, PC) sites, were characterized by analyses of four 16S rDNA clone libraries. Upon comparisons of RFLP patterns from 254 clones in the libraries, 178 unique phylotypes were retrieved. LIBSHUFF and Rarefaction analyses indicated that the sediment bacterial communities at the four sites showed high 16S rDNA richness and were significantly different from each other. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rDNA revealed 19 bacterial phyla in Victoria Harbor sediments. γ- and δ-proteobacteria, holophaga/acidobacteria, and planctomycetales were recorded in all the libraries. In addition, γ- and δ-proteobacteria were dominant at all sites (33.33–11.67%). Besides these two phyla, ε-proteobacteria, firmicutes, aminobacterium, holophaga/acidobacteria and bacteroidetes were judged to be major components of a given library since they constituted 10% or more of the total OTUs of the given library. The cyanobacteria, verrucomicrobia, β-proteobacteria, aminobacterium, chlorofiexi, and candidate division OP1, OP8 were detected in minor proportions in various libraries. A portion of the clones were only distantly related to sequences in the GenBank, suggesting bacteria in Victoria Harbor sediments were unique and diversified. 相似文献
14.
16S rDNA sequencing results from this study and literatures demonstrate that sediment bacteria in the South China Sea (SCS) were very diverse,which contained 22 of the 24 phyla of bacteria investigated from marine sediment,however,it was very imbalance among stations.So bacterial diversity from 15 samples which covered a wide range of sediment types from 20 to 3 888 m in depth was studied in DGGE (denature gradient gel electrophoresis) in this paper.The DGGE results indicate that both sediment bacterial diversity and diversity difference among stations were significant.Thirty representative and differential fingerprints among samples were recovered and sequenced,phylogenetic analysis indicates that they may belong to Proteobacteria (α-,β-,γ-,δ-,ε-),Planctomycetes,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Nitrospirae,Gemmatimonadetes,candidate division WS3 and so on,of which,Gemmatimonadetes and candidate division WS3 bacteria were first detected in SCS sediment.This study also shows that bacterial diversity analysis based on DGGE was more potential than traditional 16S rDNA clone library in multiple sample analysis. 相似文献
15.
本研究通过构建16S r DNA克隆文库,对东海陆架五个站点的沉积物样品进行群落结构及地理分布研究。结果表明:东海陆架沉积物细菌分属于13个类群,包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)、WS3、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、OP8、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetacia)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiae)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes),其中变形菌门(γ-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲)和绿弯菌门为优势菌群,Latescibacteria(WS3)、疣微菌门和芽单胞菌门分别是站点DH6、DH21和DH9的特有类群。五个站点细菌多样性从高到低排序依次为DH9DH21DH17DH6DH16,其群落结构和丰度与各站点不同沉积环境类型有关。 相似文献
16.
通过古菌16S rDNA 基因文库技术, 在黄河三角洲泥质沉积区6 个站位共获得568 个克隆, 经处理得到73 个OUTs(Operational Taxonomic Units), 在此基础上进行系统进化树以及统计学分析。结果显示, 在本次研究的6 个站位的表层沉积物中, 古菌序列均来自于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota): 其中以Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MGI)为主, 仅含少量的Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG), Marine Benthic Group B(MBGB)等其他种属。研究结果表明, 6 个不同站位的沉积物中只有5 个古菌类群, 群落分布较为均匀, 多样性不高。研究结果揭示了黄河三角洲表层沉积物中古菌横向分布特征, 并为今后在黄海区域开展古菌生态学研究提供了数据信息, 特别是在当前古菌研究主要集中在深海区域的背景下, 对相应的近海区域古菌研究具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
17.
The Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) is a methane seep that is densely populated by the bacteria Beggiatoa spp. as well as by tubeworms of the Family Siboglinidae. Analyses of samples from seven stations located in five different habitats (bare sediments, bacterial mats, siboglinid fields, sediments with small patches of siboglinids and areas of ‘normal’ sea floor) revealed differences in the density and species‐level diversity of nematode communities. Total densities increased from stations inside the mud volcano and on its rim towards the ‘normal’ areas outside the volcano. Nematode species diversity was similar in samples from the siboglinid fields and the bare HMMV sediments. However, the sediment with patches of siboglinids collected outside the volcano was characterised by a diverse nematode community comprising 47 species, whereas the control sediments without siboglinids yielded only 27 species. The nematode assemblage at the bacterial mat site included only two identified species, Halomonhystera disjuncta and Sabatieria ornata, with H. disjuncta being strongly dominant. Terschellingia distlamphida, S. ornata and Aponema ninae dominated nematode communities at the siboglinid fields and in bare HMMV sediments. Species dominating at stations inside the caldera were found in comparable low densities in the sediment with siboglinid patches collected outside the volcano, but were missing in the background samples, where species of Endeolophos, Acantholaimus and Desmoscolex were dominant. Species diversity generally decreased with sediment depth. A subsurface‐dwelling nematode community was observed in the siboglinid fields and the bare sediments. Background sediments showed a sharp decline with 18–20 species at 0–2 cm versus three species at 3–5 cm sediment depth. The trophic composition of the nematode fauna at the HMMV showed a prevalence of deposit feeders at almost all stations, whereas background sediments exhibited a uniform distribution of non‐selective and selective deposit feeders and epistrate feeders. The high percentage of deposit feeders inside the mud volcano could be related to the grain‐size distribution and the significantly higher bacterial biomass compared to the control sediments. 相似文献
18.
珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以nirS基因为分子标记,将PCR、克隆文库构建与测序和典范对应分析相结合,对珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物的群落多样性进行了研究。3个站位共获得180个nirS基因克隆子,隶属于62个OTUs,氨基酸序列的相似性在50%—100%之间。各站位OTU分布格局差异明显,范围在19—33之间,表现出高度的多样性。系统进化分析表明,62个OTUs形成了5个类群,分别与河口、海洋沉积物、海岸养殖排放废水、富营养化海湾及海水养殖沉积物等的反硝化微生物聚类在一起,表明珠江口作为海淡水交汇区具有独特的反硝化微生物群落分布格局,同时也指示了珠江口氮污染及富营养化程度。典范对应分析结果表明,盐度、氮相关营养盐水平(PON/TN、NH4-N、NO-N和NO-N)可能是影响其分布格局的重要因素。 相似文献
19.
海州湾是南黄海赤潮高发区之一。为研究浮游细菌与赤潮及环境因子的关系,于2020年11月在海州湾赤潮期间进行了现场调查,采集了8个站位的浮游细菌、浮游植物样品,获取了温度、盐度、叶绿素a以及氮、磷、硅营养盐浓度等环境因子信息,分析了赤潮原因种及浮游细菌群落结构情况。结果显示,此次赤潮原因种为三叶原甲藻(Prorocentrum triestinum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.),发生赤潮时水温、盐度较低,盐度与赤潮异弯藻的分布有一定的联系。使用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析调查海域的浮游细菌情况,结果显示赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌多样性略低于其他非赤潮发生站位,优势细菌与其他站位有明显不同,以假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、红杆菌目(Rhodobacterales)和黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)为主。赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌群落结构也存在一定的差异,不同站位可能处于不同的赤潮阶段,对浮游细菌群落具有不同的影响。相关性分析显示,黄杆菌目与叶绿素a显著正相关,表明黄杆菌目与赤潮发生有一定的关系。 相似文献