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1.
辽河口沉积物中古菌和细菌群落结构分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本研究旨在了解辽河口表层沉积物中古菌和细菌的群落结构组成、多样性及其与环境因子之间的相关性。采用构建古菌和细菌16S rRNA基因文库的方法，应用Illumina Miseq测序技术进行序列分析。结果表明:辽河口表层沉积物中细菌多样性高于古菌多样性，近岸细菌和古菌多样性高于远岸，即河相区（0.8~7.04）细菌多样性高于混合区（13.1~20.7）和海相区（24.2~31.5）；主要古菌群落为奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota，72.73%）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota，25.05%），其中泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota，0.001%）只在河相区站位被发现；细菌群落组成中变形菌门（Proteobacteria，61.94%）为该河口的优势菌群，其次为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes，11.21%）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria，5.59%），其他门类如蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria，3.03%）等比例较小。与环境因子的冗余度分析表明:影响表层沉积物中古菌群落分布的主要环境因子依次为氨盐、泥、酸碱度、盐度、电导率和砂，而细菌群落的分布主要受到溶氧、泥、砂、黏土和总磷的影响。由此可见，不同环境条件下微生物的群落结构存在空间异质性，不同微生物对同一环境条件的响应亦不同。 相似文献
2.
采用聚合酶链式反应限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)技术对劳盆地热液区TVG9站位沉积物中细菌、古菌多样性进行了调查,并构建其细菌、古菌种群的16S rRNA基因文库.研究结果表明,该站位细菌包含变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospira),疣微菌(Verrucomicrobia)等3个类群,其中变形杆菌占据优势地位,由Alphaproteobactria,Gamaproteobactria,Deltaproteobactria等3个亚群组成.古菌包含泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota),其中泉古菌占优势,由MG Ⅰ (Marine Group Ⅰ)和MCG(Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group)两类群组成,而广古菌主要由MBGE(Marine Benthic Group E)组成.旨在揭示深海热液区的微生物多样性,为生态环境的研究提供理论支持. 相似文献
3.
海滨日晒盐田具有稳定且独特的生态系统。淡化浓海水排入盐田制盐,对盐田生态系统的稳定及盐田的可持续发展具有一定的影响。本研究分析天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田不同季节不同盐度盐池原核微生物多样性现状及群落结构变化,以期为评估淡化浓海水对盐田原核微生物群落影响提供理论依据。采用温度梯度凝胶电泳和序列测定等方法,分析不同月份不同盐度盐池中细菌和古菌的多样性与群落结构变化。分别采用香农-威纳指数、加权丰富度指数和均匀度指数分析盐田微生物群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度。结果表明,淡化浓海水和溴后水中均未检测出细菌和古菌。不同月份不同盐度盐池样本中细菌多样性变化不大,优势菌主要为γ-变形菌门(γ-Proteobacteria)中的Spiribacter salinus和Pseudoalteromonassp.;古菌仅出现在盐度最高的Ⅶ号盐池中,优势古菌为广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的Halogeometricum sp.。天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田中细菌的多样性和丰富度较低,春夏两季细菌群落结构较为稳定,秋冬季节细菌群落结构变化明显。盐度不同的盐池中细菌群落结构变化较大,随着盐度逐渐升高, Spiribacter salinus逐渐取代Pseudoalteromonas sp.成为占主要地位的优势菌种。 相似文献
4.
海洋沉积物中的甲烷代谢微生物是甲烷循环的关键参与者，其代谢过程对大气甲烷浓度及全球气候变化具有显著影响，研究其在全球大洋沉积物中的组成及分布特征是探究微生物介导甲烷循环的基础。采用焦磷酸454高通量测序测定甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcrA(Methyl coenzyme–M reductase A)分析全球大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢微生物群落的组成和多样性；结合荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了古菌和甲烷代谢古菌的丰度分布特征。与其他海洋生境对比，大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落结构单一，大西洋和印度洋的α多样性指数显著高于太平洋(p<0.05)。在大洋沉积物样品中鉴定到3个目的甲烷代谢古菌，即甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales)，其中甲烷微菌目占绝对优势，并主要由一簇未知类群(暂名Oceanic Sediments Dominant group,OSD group)组成。大洋沉积物的古菌16S rRNA基因丰度(湿重，下同)平均为8.81×106 copie... 相似文献
5.
采用16S rDNA文库和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,对黄海西北部3个近岸站位沉积物中细菌群落多样性及空间分布特征进行了调查和解析。对表层沉积物16S rDNA序列统计表明,各站位细菌群落多样性很高,γ-和δ-变形菌纲分别占克隆序列总数的20%~32%,是沉积物中的绝对优势类群。DGGE图谱分析表明,同一站位中不同深度的细菌群落结构相似性较高,而不同站位间群落结构相差较远。研究表明在黄海西北近岸沉积物中细菌群落多样性较高,优势类群明显,在较小尺度范围内群落结构的垂直变化不明显。 相似文献
6.
北极地区深海微生物研究进展及对策 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对北极地区深海微生物研究进展进行了综述和展望分析,并提出强化我国北极深海微生物研究的对策,以期为相关研究和决策提供参考。综述表明北极深海微生物具有丰富的多样性,是数量巨大的遗传基因资源承载者,群落结构表现出显著的空间分布差异,在北极深海食物链中可能发挥着基础性作用。展望分析提出聚焦北极深海这一特殊的极端环境,开展微生物多样性和地理分布特征研究、新颖遗传生化功能挖掘以及多尺度生态系统下微生物与环境变化的研究具有重要意义和价值。建议我国顶层布局、构建北极深海微生物协同研究体系,提升专用配套仪器装备保障能力,全面推进相关研究工作。 相似文献
7.
针对浙江镇海潮间带沉积物样 品,采用纯培养法分离培养海洋微生物,并基于16S rRNA基因序列,开展系统发育学研究,分析沉积物细菌群落结构及多样性。分离获得细菌39株,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,这些菌株分别属于厚壁菌门Firmicutes(51. 3%)、变形杆菌门Proteobacteria(30.8%)、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(15. 4%)和放线菌门Actinobacteria(2. 6%)4个类群。厚壁菌门和变形杆菌门的菌株主要归属于芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli和a-变形杆菌纲Alphaproteobacteria,它们可能在近海海洋生态系统的元素地球化学循环中发挥了重要作用。此外,部分菌株16S rRNA基因序列与已报道物种的相似性较低,可能代表了新的分类单元。研究丰富了浙江近海微生物种质资源,并拓展了对浙江近海可培养细菌多样性的认识,为今后开发利用海洋微生物资源积累了资料。 相似文献
8.
东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。 相似文献
9.
为研究池塘内循环流水养殖(In-pond Raceway, IPR)模式下太湖鲂鲌(翘嘴鲌(♀)×三角鲂(♂))肠道微生物群落结构的变化,以传统池塘养殖作为对照组,采用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析了IPR养殖模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道的菌群结构及环境水体微生物多样性的变化。试验结果表明, IPR模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道微生物群落发生了明显的变化,在门分类水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)成为绝对优势菌,所占丰度为92.47%;对照组的优势菌由梭杆菌门、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)组成,三者所占的丰度分别为34.45%、33.30%和21.30%。在养殖水环境中,两种养殖模式的微生物群落数均大于肠道样本,且二者优势菌不同;IPR水环境的优势菌为蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria,36.53%),其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,24.67%);对照组水体中的优势菌为放线菌门和变形菌门,分别占细菌总数的38.99%和28.15%。多样性指数结果表明,水环境中的微生物群落Shannon多样性指数、Chao1指数高于肠道样本,IPR养殖对象肠道微生物群落多样性最低。本研究结果揭示,池塘内循环流水高密度养殖模式下,太湖鲂鲌的肠道微生物结构发生了一定的改变,微生物群落多样性降低,应注意该模式下养殖对象的肠道健康,加强养殖管理。 相似文献
10.
提取西太平洋"暖池"区深海沉积物样品总DNA,利用异化型亚硫酸盐还原酶(DSR)和甲基辅酶M还原酶(MCR)基因的特异引物,采用PCR-RFLP方法对沉积物样品中这两类功能基因多样性进行研究.该沉积物中的dsrAB基因分别来源于δ-变形菌中的6个属,其中最多的是脱硫弧菌属和脱硫杆状菌属;mcrA基因均来源于产甲烷古菌,其中主要是甲烷微菌.这些基因在系统发育树上都处于相对独立的分支.此外,还有较多的dsrAB,mcrA基因来源于未知的新属或新种.这些结果表明该海区沉积物中由微生物参与的硫和甲烷循环比较活跃,而且其中可能存在多种新的代谢途径. 相似文献
11.
通过焦磷酸测序揭示北极海水的微生物群落结构 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study aimed to determine the microbial community structure of seawater in(ICE-1) and out(FUBIAO) of the pack ice zone in the Arctic region.Approximate 10 L seawater was filtrated by 0.2 μm Whatman nuclepore filters and the environmental genomic DNA was extracted.We conducted a detailed census of microbial communities by pyrosequencing.Analysis of the microbial community structures indicated that these two samples had high bacterial,archaeal and eukaryotic diversity.Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant members of the bacterioplankton community in both samples,and their relative abundance were 51.29% and 35.39%,72.95%and 23.21%,respectively.Euryarchaeota was the most abundant archaeal phylum,and the relative abundance was nearly up to 100% in FUBIAO and 60% in ICE-1.As for the eukaryotes,no_rank_Eukaryota,Arthropoda and no_rank_Metazoa were the most abundant groups in Sample FUBIAO,accounting for 85.29% of the total reads.The relative abundance of the most abundant phylum in Sample ICE-1,no_rank_Eukaryota and no_rank_Metazoa,was up to 90.69% of the total reads.Alphaproteobacteria,Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the top three abundant classes in the two samples at the bacterial class level.There were also differences in the top ten abundant bacterial,archaeal and eukaryotic OTUs at the level of 97% similarity between the two samples. 相似文献
12.
WEI Manman ZHANG Rubing WANG Yuguang JI Houguo ZHENG Ji CHEN Xinhu ZHOU Hongbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):42-51
The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem. 相似文献
13.
Shotaro Suzuki Ryo Kaneko Taketoshi Kodama Fuminori Hashihama Shuhei Suwa Iwao Tanita Ken Furuya Koji Hamasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(3):383-395
The subtropical and tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean are less productive than other oceanic regions. Although particle association should be an important strategy for heterotrophic prokaryotes to survive in such environments, we have little information on particle-associated (PA) prokaryotes in these regions. The specific aim of this study was to determine bacterial and archaeal community structures in the PA assemblage in comparison to the free-living (FL) assemblage in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, and an eastern equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Community profiles and phylogenetic identities were obtained by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 454-pyrosequencing, and cloning followed by Sanger sequencing of 16Sr RNA gene amplicons. The distribution patterns of some abundant groups in three regions and two lifestyles (PA and FL) are shown in this study. Also, the PA community structures of bacteria differed from the FL ones and exhibited higher diversity than the FL ones, while the archaeal community structures did not show significant differences between PA and FL assemblages. We found that specific phylotypes of Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria were abundant in PA bacterial assemblages, suggesting that they prefer to attach and consume particulate organic matter. In summary, the surface seawater PA assemblages represent very different bacterial and archaeal community structures between three different oceanic regions, each of which had distinct PA and FL community structures. These results imply that environmental factors determine microbial community structures. 相似文献
14.
Although environmental factors such as grain size and organic carbon content may influence the distribution of microbes in marine sediments, there has been little experimental study of the topic to date. To investigate how those sediment variables affect microbial colonisation under in situ conditions, deep‐sea sediments and artificial sediments (glass beads, sands) were incubated in the Arctic deep sea at 2500 m water depth with or without chitin, one of the most important carbon polymers in marine environments. Microbial abundance, biomass, chitobiase activity and changes in community structure were monitored after 7 days and 1 year. In control sediments without chitin addition, no significant changes in microbial abundance, biomass and activity were observed after 1 year. In the presence of chitin, however, considerable increases in these parameters were recorded in all three sediment types tested. Regardless of chitin addition, natural deep‐sea sediments were always associated with higher values of microbial abundance, biomass and activity compared with artificial sediments. Sediment type was always found to be the most significant factor explaining variation in enzymatic activity and bacterial community structure as compared to the effects of chitin amount, incubation time, and changes in cell number or biomass. Overall, this is the first in situ study that has addressed the effects of multiple factors and their interactions on abundance, biomass, activity and community structure of microbial communities in the deep Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
15.
利用古菌16SrDNA特异引物对珠江口淇澳岛海岸带沉积物中古菌的多样性及垂直分布特征进行研究。结果表明珠江口淇澳岛海岸带沉积物中古菌多样性丰富,大部分为新的不可培养古菌;泉古菌在整个沉积物柱中是优势菌群,约占81%;古菌多样性随沉积物深度增加而增加,区系结构也随深度变化而呈现出明显的不同,在表层沉积物中,88%的序列属于Ⅰ型海洋泉古菌(MGⅠ),而在中层和底层检测到的古菌序列大部分与不可培养的富含甲烷的环境序列有最高的同源性,并且有15%的克隆子序列属于甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales)。QC-PCR结果表明珠江口淇澳岛海岸带沉积物中古菌含量丰富[(1.93±0.60)×106~6.45±0.25×10716S rDNA拷贝/g],呈现随深度增加含量增加的趋势。 相似文献
16.
富钴结壳是一种重要的海底矿产资源.富钴结壳是生物地球化学和微生物学的研究热点,但目前我们对富钴结壳区的微生物群落结构仍缺乏认识.本研究针对中太平洋海山富钴结壳区沉积物,采用非培养方法获得微生物基因组信息并分析其生态学功能.采用PCR的方法筛选得到78个带有16S rRNA基因的克隆.变形杆菌门和奇古菌门MGI类群分别为古菌和细菌的主要类群.测序并分析了9个带有16S rRNA 基因的fosmid克隆.这些克隆中含有较多的代谢相关和重金属抗性相关基因,表明多样的代谢和抗逆途径在微生物适应富钴结壳环境中发挥了重要作用.代谢途径分析表明,氮循环是富钴结壳区一种重要的生物地球化学过程.此外,发现多个水平基因转移事件,这些基因大部分转移自细菌,少量转移自古菌或植物.比较基因组分析表明,属于奇古菌门MGI类群的克隆W4-93包含一段共线性的基因簇.以上结果说明水平基因转移和基因组分歧进化在微生物适应深海环境过程中发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
17.
北极海洋沉积物细菌和古菌群落结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study was to investigate bacterial and archaeal community structure of pan-Arctic Ocean sediments by pyrosequencing.In total,investigation of three marine sediments revealed 15 002 bacterial and 4 362 archaeal operational taxonomic units(OTUs) at the 97% similarity level.Analysis of community structure indicated that these three samples had high bacterial and archaeal diversity.The most relatively abundant bacterial group in Samples CC1 and R05 was Proteobacteria,while Firmicutes was dominant in Sample BL03.Thaumarchaeota was the most relatively abundant archaeal phylum in Samples CC1 and R05,and the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota was almost as high as that of Euryarchaeota in Sample BL03.These two phyla accounted for nearly 100% of the archaeal OTUs.δ-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria were the two most relatively abundant classes at Proteobacterial class level,and their relative abundance was more than 60% in Samples CC1 and R05.There were also differences in the top 10 relatively abundant bacterial and archaeal OTUs among the three samples at the 97% similarity,and only 12 core bacterial OTUs were detected.Overall,this study indicated that there were distinct microbial communities and many unique OTUs in these three samples. 相似文献
18.
A sediment core MD05-2902 was collected from the deep-sea basin of the Xisha Trough. The vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria in the core was investigated through ten sub-sampling with an interval of 1 m using bacterial 16 S rRNA gene as a phylogenetic bio-marker. Eighteen phylogenetic groups were identified from 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries. The dominant bacterial groups were JS1, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi, which accounted for 30.6%, 16.6%, and 15.6% of bacterial clones in the libraries, respectively. In order to reveal the relationship between biotic and abiotic data, a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis was performed. The result revealed that the δ15N, δ13C, total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen possibly influenced the bacterial community structure. This study expanded our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycling in the Xisha Trough sediment. 相似文献
19.
This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants. 相似文献