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北京燕山构造旋回安粗岩系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
安粗岩系是指由钾质粗面玄武岩，橄榄玄武粗安冉、安粗岩，粗面岩和高钾流纹岩等富钾岩石组成的火山岩系列。本文以北京地区燕山构造旋回安粗岩系火山岩为例，通过与国内外公认的安粗岩系比较，以及对不同系列火山岩特征的对比分析，明确提出：安粗岩系是可以与拉斑玄武岩系、钙碱性岩系和碱性玄武岩系并列存在的独立的火山岩系列，它有自己特写的产出环境，有别于其他岩系的岩石类型，岩石组合及物质成分等特点。 相似文献
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青海可可西里地区新生代火山岩研究 总被引：25，自引：11，他引：25
可可西里新生代火山岩主要出露在昆南断裂以南和东经９２°３０′以西的区域内，基本沿近东西走向的大型逆冲－走滑断裂带分布，可分为渐新世、中新世两期。渐新世熔岩的斑晶矿物组合为拉长石－透辉石－顽火辉石，中新世熔岩的为中长石－次透辉石（包括少量透辉石、普通辉石）－古铜辉石。总体而言这些火山岩富碱高钾（Ｋ２Ｏ＞３％，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ＞１），普遍富集大离子亲石元素，稀土元素含量很高并且轻重稀土比值很大。渐新世火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列，中新世岩石属于钾玄岩系。前者的微量元素和稀土元素的含量以及轻重稀土比均低于后者。所有岩石均具有较高的Ｓｒ同位素（＞０．７０７）和相对较低的Ｎｄ同位素（＜０．５１２４）组成，表现出源区曾受到年轻地壳的影响。高钾钙碱性岩系和钾玄岩系的岩石是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物。始新世以来，随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑，应力环境由挤压转变为张性，导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性岩系熔岩和钾玄岩系熔岩，在岩浆演化过程中这两个岩系则沿相同的趋势发展 相似文献
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内蒙古正镶白旗碎斑熔岩地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白旗碎斑熔岩是一种特殊成因的火山岩,属太平洋岩系钙碱质系列火山岩。以富亲石微量元素为特征。稀土配分属铕亏损且轻稀土富集型。形成白旗碎斑熔岩的原始岩浆来自于地壳深部,乃是上地幔与地壳共同混熔分异的产物。 相似文献
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海南屯昌为火山岩构造属性及其年代学研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
海南屯昌变火山岩与下古生界长英质片岩互层产出，其原岩为钙碱性粗安－安山岩和流纹岩组合，它们与海相碎屑岩一想构成岛弧环境的沉积－火山岩系。岩石化学特征表明，该变火山岩系属于岛弧区玄武质岩浆分异的产物，而玄武质岩浆产生则与富集型MORB地幔（FMM）经历中等程度部分熔融有关。变火山岩Ti相对于Zr和Y严重亏损可能与岛弧区俯冲深度有限相关，而其εNd（527Ma）（8．3－9．9）与P、Ti、Nb、K、Ba、Sr和Ce负异常一并指示交代富集型地幔源区（可能为EMII）的特点。锆石U－Pb年代学证实屯昌变火山岩形成于527Ma，并经历过印支期热－构造事件的叠置改造，通过研究变火山岩系将为约束海南岛及其邻区特别是特提斯域构造演化事件提供某些重要信息。 相似文献
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打加错银多金属矿床是在冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的首例以银为主的多金属矿床.为了查明该矿床成岩成矿时限、含矿岩石成因及成矿意义,对该矿区出露的含矿（次）火山岩（流纹质晶屑凝灰岩与流纹斑岩）开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素及Hf同位素、全岩地球化学、辉钼矿Re-Os年代学等分析.研究表明,含矿（次）火山岩形成时代为66.6~67.4 Ma,晚期辉钼矿同位素Re-Os模式年龄为61.0±0.8 Ma,结合含矿地质体的矿化特征、石英-黄铁矿-辉钼矿脉与含矿流纹斑岩的穿插关系等,证实打加错矿区存在两期成矿作用,即早期形成的强硅化（次）火山岩型和矽卡岩型银多金属成矿作用及晚期石英脉型银多金属成矿作用,成矿时限介于66.6~61.0 Ma,构成了与（次）火山期后热液相关的浅成低温热液成矿系统;（次）火山岩地球化学数据表明其属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,具准铝质-过铝质特征,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Pb）、亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）,锆石Ti的平均温度为712 ℃,εHf（t）值均为负值（-16.5~-3.6）且TDMC为1.2~2.1 Ga;成矿岩石具低氧逸度和贫含水性特征,属于典型S型花岗岩,源于中-古元古代古拉萨地壳的部分熔融,并与中拉萨地体发育的银铅锌矿床成矿岩体特征一致,而与南拉萨地体中爆发的、与Ⅰ型花岗岩相关的铜多金属矿化明显不同,据此揭示出南拉萨地体也与中拉萨地体一样具有与S型花岗岩相关的成矿潜力,这对丰富南拉萨地体的成矿类型及促进该类型矿床的进一步找矿新发现具有重要的理论及现实意义. 相似文献
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呷村式银多金属矿产于义敦岛弧发育晚期环境,在成因上与钙碱性火山岩系的偏酸性流纹质火山岩的海底喷发作用有关。矿带位于流纹质火山岩顶部与上覆结晶灰岩的接触界面附近,由上而下依次分为重晶石—铜铅锌银—铅锌三个矿体带。矿床地质的和地球物理的找矿标志明显。实践证明,以岛弧火山岩为对象,综合运用地质、物探、化探成果,在判定火山杂岩体的矿化地段,进行工程揭露验证是经济有效的找矿模式。 相似文献
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湖南前寒武纪火山岩地球化学特征及产出构造环境 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
湖南前寒武纪火山岩有中元古代活动陆缘（初始）岛孤拉斑玄武岩，新元古代被动陆缘裂谷碱性玄武岩（次火山岩），及活动陆缘—（成熟）岛孤拉斑系—钙碱系—碱性系之火山岩套，其中的基性岩构成复理石冲断岩片，为地体的分界标志。 相似文献
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中条山地区位于华北地台南部,涑水群杂岩构成本区结晶基底,其上为绛县群,中条群、西洋河群等前寒武纪地层。绛县群变超钾质火山岩系,全岩Sm-Nd等时线同位素年龄为2.63±0.10(Zσ)Ga;铜矿峪铜矿容矿钙碱性变火山一次火山岩系,原生锆石U-Pb等时线同位素年龄为2.182±0.015Ga;铜矿峪铜矿容矿钙碱性变火山一次火山岩系和胡一篦型层控铜矿床容矿热液沉积岩系,全岩Rb-Sr等时线同位素年龄分别为1.778±0.027Ga和1.832±0.026Ga。前两者代表超钾质火山岩系及钙碱性火山一次火山岩系形成时代,后者反映区域变质作用时代。根据前人Rb-Sr等时线同位素年龄研究资料,西洋河群安山岩系形成于1.454±0.05Ga。 相似文献
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本区中生代火山岩可以分成偏碱性中性火山岩和酸性火山岩两类，二者之间表现出明显的成份间断，构成一个偏碱性中性－酸性双峰式岩系。偏碱性中性火山岩地球化学特征上与榄安粗岩相似，具有富碱（Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ），Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值高以及富集大离子亲石元素（Ｒｂ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｐ）等特征。本区火山岩形成大陆边缘拉张环境。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献