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为研究激光测风技术中五波束和三波束风廓线反演方法的异同,采用波长1.5μm的相干多普勒测风激光雷达在中国海洋大学崂山校区进行风场测量。利用三波束风廓线反演法对13 d的多普勒激光雷达观测数据进行计算,设定信噪比和数据获取率门限阈值,对数据质量进行控制,将计算结果与五波束风廓线反演法的计算结果进行比对分析。与五波束风廓线反演法相比,三波束风廓线反演法仅用三个方向的径向数据反演风廓线,可缩短观测时间跨度,从而提高数据刷新率,在气流不稳定的情况下可获取更多的风场特征参数。比对结果表明,两种风廓线反演法的计算结果在不同高度上均表现出良好的一致性。90 m测量高度处的风速决定系数为0.9825,风向决定系数为0.9769;随着湍流强度增大,两种风廓线反演法之间的差异呈增大趋势。 相似文献
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以往研究表明, 涌浪存在时, 近海面大气边界层内Monin–Obukhov相似性理论(Monin–Obukhov Similar Theory, MOST)将会失效, 风廓线模型的建立需要考虑波致应力的影响。基于此, 本文首先研究了包含涌浪影响的Ekman模型和常通量层模型求解的风廓线。结果表明: 两种模型估算的风廓线均对涌浪的波衰减率系数cβ有较高的依赖性, 在cβ<–50时, 模型求解的风廓线均出现近海面风速极大值, 但科氏力对近海面风廓线的影响可以忽略。在不同的大气层结下, 分析发现海浪边界层(直接受波浪影响的区域)内风速明显小于海浪边界层之上MOST廓线在相同高度的外推值, 体现了涌浪引起明显的剪切增强。通过对比分析广东省茂名市附近海上观测平台的实测数据发现, 在涌浪存在时, MOST普遍无法描述风廓线; 统计分析表明常通量层模型估算的风廓线在8 m处的风速与实测数据高度一致。考虑以往研究基本局限于中性大气层结条件, 而涌浪经常显著影响着浮力作用明显的中低风速条件, 我们的研究将有助于理解不同大气层结条件下涌浪对风廓线的影响。 相似文献
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城市大气边界层分析中的相似理论应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以ＭｏｎｉｎＯｂｕｋｏｖ 相似理论为依据,利用拟合方法和迭代法计算非均匀下垫面近地层湍流特征参数。通过对新疆库尔勒市郊相对平坦地形上的系留探空资料计算分析说明,两种计算方法所得的湍流特征参数相差较大;如何考虑外部参数ｚ０ 对确定非均一下垫面湍流特征参数非常重要。研究结果认为,３００ｍ 以下用乘幂律风廓线描述风速随高度分布是比较合适的 相似文献
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利用2017年9月在渤海共享航次中取得的湍流混合直接观测数据,本文研究了渤海海域湍流混合的空间分布特征及有关的影响因素。9月观测海区水体垂向层结较弱,莱州湾受黄河冲淡水影响出现高温低盐结构,位于渤海中央浅滩南北两侧洼地的双中心冷水结构依旧存在。湍流观测结果表明湍动能耗散率在10~(-9)～10~(-5)W/kg之间变化,统计上满足对数正态分布。耗散率强值区出现在辽东湾及渤海湾湾口近岸处,相应的垂向湍扩散系数约为10~(-6)～10~(-2)m~2/s。垂向上,水体表、底层混合较强,进一步研究发现弱层化水体的平均湍动能耗散率〈ε〉与风速和正压潮流速的大小存在正相关关系。另一方面,耗散率ε与浮性频率N近似满足ε=2.0×10~(-8)+3.0×10~(-7)(N~2/N_0~2)~(-5)的拟合函数关系,反映了层化对水体垂向混合的抑制作用。 相似文献
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多普勒天气雷达和L-波段探空雷达在探测中尺度天气方面,各有长处.前者具有较高的时空分辨率,缺点是需要反演.后者数据直接且要素多,但为局地数据,存在代表性的问题.利用多普勒雷达反演风廓线和300 m分辨率的探空数据相结合,可以很好的解释2006年8月26日发生在青岛的一次对流性暴雨过程的演变.在这次过程中,300 m分辨率的探空数据捕捉到了2 km左右高度上的冷平流信息,而多普勒雷达反演数据显示,温度平流对于对流的发生发展和消亡起着非常重要的作用.而且,多普勒雷达反演数据还揭示,在天气尺度影响系统仍然存在的背景下,冷平流的持续作用,引起了青岛上空大气状态的变化,导致整个降水过程结束. 相似文献
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基于Thorpe尺度方法,利用CTD数据,计算了南极普里兹湾海域的Thorpe尺度和湍流扩散系数,分析了观测区域(64°～69°S,66°～80°E)湍流翻转现象的强弱及分布。结果表明,在海底和地形粗糙区存在较大的Thorpe尺度(较强湍流翻转)和湍流扩散系数,湍流扩散系数最大值能达到10-2m2/s量级,比平坦开阔海洋高2～3个数量级,部分观测站位的湍流扩散系数和湍动能耗散率表现出大-小-大的垂向分布结构,总水深较深的区域尤为明显;深水区域的浮力频率在海表面到500 m层比较大,浅水区域该现象不明显;湍动能耗散率在(67.25°S,73°E)周围和经度为78°E的各站位都表现相对较大,能达到10-6 w/kg量级,个别站位甚至能达到10-5 w/kg量级。 相似文献
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由于湍流混合直接观测技术难度大、成本高,很大程度限制湍流混合的研究,所以基于温、盐、流资料估算海洋湍流混合的方法应运而生。本文应用在吕宋海峡观测到的23个自由下降微结构湍流剖面仪观测数据和水文观测数据,首次对目前常用的Gregg-Henyey-Polzin(GHP)细尺度参数化、Mackinnon and Gregg(MG)参数化和Thorpe尺度方法进行比较研究,评估它们的适用性。发现GHP参数化方法能够很好地估算吕宋海峡的湍流混合。虽然GHP参数化方法估算的耗散率总体上要偏弱于观测的结果,但估算和观测的差异在2倍以内的结果占71%,与微结构湍流剖面仪观测到的耗散率在水平分布和垂向分布上呈现出相同的分布特征。基于MG参数化方法发现估算的吕宋海峡西侧1200m以浅的耗散率比观测值大,但总体上呈现出相同的分布特征。另外,MG参数化估算与观测差异在2倍以内的结果占58%。表明相比于GHP参数化方法,MG参数化方法的估算值更偏离观测值。Thorpe尺度方法在估算吕宋海峡的耗散率时,估算和观测的差异在2倍以内的结果仅有30%,70%的估算结果与观测结果相差高出1个量级,空间分布上与观测结果差异较大。对比吕宋海峡湍流混合参数化方法的结果表明GHP参数化方法最优,MG参数化方法其次,Thorpe尺度方法相对GHP和MG参数化方法较差。 相似文献
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南海中部上层海洋湍流混合的空间分布特征及参数化模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对2010年5月南海16°N和14.5°N断面的湍流微结构剖面观测资料分析,给出了南海海盆上层湍流混合空间分布特征:在16°N断面上,上层10~400m垂向平均湍动能耗散率ερ在东侧略大于西侧;相反,在14.5°N断面上,西侧ερ均值约是东侧ερ的4倍,其中,西侧110.5°~111°E的ερ的平均值为2.6×10-6 W/m3,东侧118.5°E的ερ仅为5.89×10-7 W/m3。通过分析细结构剪切和湍流混合的相关性,发现剪切是南海中部上层强湍流混合的主要驱动力,揭示了高模态内波破碎可能是湍流混合的主要机制。另外,研究了大洋中的3种参数化模型,发现适用于大洋近海的参数化MacKinnon-Gregg(MG)模型能较好地用浮频和剪切估算南海中部深海区上层湍流耗散率。 相似文献
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利用2019年7月在长江口科学考察实验研究夏季航段(NORC2019-03-02)中获得的MSS90L湍流剖面仪的直接观测数据,本文计算并分析了该断面的湍动能耗散率ε和垂向湍扩散系数KZ的分布情况。湍动能耗散率的大小为1.72×10?10～2.95×10?5 W/kg;垂向湍扩散系数的大小为3.24×10?7～4.55×10?2 m2/s。湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数的分布相似,均为上层最强,底层次之,中层最弱。上层由于风应力的作用,使得湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数较大;温跃层处层化较强,抑制了湍动能的耗散和垂向上的湍混合。盐度锋面的次级环流会促使低盐水团脱离,锋面引起的垂向环流会加强海洋的湍混合。低盐水团与外界的能量交换较少,湍动能耗散率较弱。长江口海区存在明显的上升流和下降流,它们是由锋面的次级环流产生的;上升流和下降流的存在促进湍动能的耗散与湍混合。 相似文献
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A differential model of the upper turbulent layer in the ocean is considered. A closed system of equations includes equations of motion, balance, and dissipation of kinetic turbulence energy. Boundary conditions at the surface are determined using a solution of the atmospheric problem taking into account the interaction between the two media. The formulated algorithm allows for a relationship between turbulent energy dissipation and flux and the parameters of wind disturbance. The vertical profiles of turbulence and drift current characteristics are presented as well as parameters of the ocean-atmosphere interaction for various values of impulse jump within the limits of the wave layer with waves collapsing and not collapsing.UDK 551.456.152 相似文献
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Observations of turbulence, stratification, and mean current were made using a microstructure profiler and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during four cruises at a central location in the Ariake Sea, under weakly and strongly stratified conditions. Continuous measurements of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), ε, were made. These revealed that frictional bed turbulence with quarterdiurnal variation in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) was one of the most energetic sources of vertical mixing in the sea. Thickness of the BBL was strongly confined by the stable stratification. We investigate a relationship between the BBL height h and the Ozmidov scale. We present a systematic argument that describes the vertical structure and characteristic scales of velocity and turbulence inside the frictional BBL, where the stratification persisted. Considerable deviation of observed vertical shear from the law of the wall indicated a modification of turbulent scales by the stratification. Shear stress calculated from the velocity data using vertical integration of the equation of motion was found to decrease approximately linearly with height. The TKE production rate P, estimated using the shear stress, was highly correlated with the dissipation rate. The buoyancy contribution to TKE balance in the BBL was quantified in terms of the flux Richardson number R f as R f?=?0.12. 相似文献
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Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain- fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin- ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans- fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall. 相似文献
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Direct measurements of eddy diffusivities for momentum K m and heat K h by Doppler radar and by a radio acoustic sounding system in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere were used to examine the applicability of three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) schemes of stratified turbulence in the environment: the E — ? turbulence scheme modified for stratified flows, the algebraic two-parameter E — ? Reynolds-stress scheme, and the three-parameter \(E - \varepsilon - \overline {\theta ^2 } \) turbulence scheme. All turbulence parameters-the turbulent kinetic energy (E), the dissipation rate (?), and vertical profiles of potential temperature (atmospheric stability) and mean wind velocity-were derived from direct measurements for all three turbulence schemes. It is shown that the profile of the vertical diffusivity of momentum (K m ) obtained from the three-parameter RANS turbulence scheme agrees well with its directly measured analog. The profile of K m calculated by the two-parameter turbulence schemes fits measurements rather qualitatively. 相似文献
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Turbulence and mixing are ubiquitous in the environment of planktonic organisms and critical in large-scale physical and chemical oceanographic budgets. Recent studies have shown conflicting results on the contribution of zooplankton to ocean mixing as well as the impact of turbulence on zooplankton feeding and swimming behavior. Some of the confusion arises from the lack of properly resolved, simultaneous and co-located observations of zooplankton and turbulence. This paper introduces and discusses results from preliminary deployments of a Video Plankton Recorder–Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VPR–VMP), which is shown to provide good quality, high-resolution, simultaneous observations of zooplankton and turbulence. Non-turbulent shear spectra associated with a zooplankton layer are discussed in terms of automating the rejection of unreliable dissipation estimates, the shear created by individual organisms and profiler avoidance. Comparing these fine-scale observations of zooplankton and turbulence with bulk measures and possible future improvements are also discussed. 相似文献
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A laboratory study on the turbulence and wave energy dissipations of spilling breakers in a surf zone is presented. Instantaneous velocity fields of propagating breaking waves on a 1/20 slope were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Due to the large region of the evolving wave breaking generated turbulent flow, seven PIV fields of view (FOVs) were mosaicked to form a continuous flow field in the surf zone. Mean and turbulence quantities were extracted by ensemble averaging 25 repeated instantaneous measurements at each FOV. New results for distribution and evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, mean flow energy, and total energy across the surf zone were obtained from analyzing the data. The turbulence dissipation rate was estimated based on several different approaches. It was found that the vertical distribution of the turbulence dissipation rate decays exponentially from the crest level to the bottom. The resulting energy budget and energy flux were also calculated. The calculated total energy dissipation rate was compared to that based on a bore approximation. It was found that the ratio of turbulence dissipation rate to total energy dissipation rate was about 0.01 in the outer surf zone and increased to about 0.1 after the breaking waves transformed into developed turbulent bores in the inner surf zone. 相似文献
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Shiho Kobayashi Eisuke Hashimoto Masayuki Nagao Yoshio Takasugi 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(5):657-664
We observed tidal currents, turbulent energy dissipation and water column stratification at the entrance of a narrow strait
(Neko Seto) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, using a free-falling turbulent microstructure profiler (TurboMAP) and acoustic
Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The variation in turbulent energy dissipation at the entrance of the strait was not at quarter-diurnal
frequency but at semi-diurnal frequency; turbulent energy dissipation was enhanced during the ebb tide, although it was moderate
during the flood tide. This result is consistent with the results of Takasugi (1993), which showed the asymmetry of tidal
energy loss during a semidiurnal tidal cycle using control volume analysis. It is suggested that significant turbulent energy
dissipation is generated in the strait, which influences the properties of water outside the strait when tidal currents flow
out from the strait. 相似文献