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深海悬浮颗粒物((含浮游微生物)的研究具有重要意义,但深海大洋中多数海域悬浮物的丰度很低,其研究需要较多水样(一次过滤水样超过200L,甚至达到1000L以上),传统方法用采水器采水后甲板过滤费时费力。基于此,本文研制了一种高通量深海海水采样及分级过滤装置,装置包括总成深海泵、过滤装置、数据采集与控制装置,以及支撑架体、供电部件、连接机构和流量计等辅助部件。过滤装置分三级过滤(分别放置0.22、1和5μm孔径的滤膜,并可根据需要更换组合),控制装置采用深度触发和时间触发两种工作模式,并可配套安装CTD、荧光计等海洋环境参数测量设备。针对调查站点,将若干套(如3套)高通量深海海水采样及分级过滤系统分一定间隔悬挂于深海绞车缆线上,可以同步进行相应水层的海水原位过滤,从而形成多水层同步高通量原位多级过滤,以获取浮游微生物等悬浮颗粒物样品。该原位取样系统具有多层同步高通量过滤和分级采样的特点,现已被应用于海洋科考航次中,为深海悬浮颗粒物(含浮游微生物等)的研究提供了一种简约高效的样品获取方法。 相似文献
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利用海底原位三脚架搭载水动力观测仪器,在黄河水下三角洲进行了为期134天的原位观测,获取了该海域波浪、潮汐、海流、海水温度、浊度等相关数据。并利用观测点海域的表层沉积物进行室内测试,发现该海域表层沉积物以粉砂为主,悬浮物浓度与海水浊度存在良好的线性关系,底层(距离海床约50cm处)悬浮物浓度在2~4g/L范围内变化。切应力计算结果与原位观测结果表明,强浪过程中波浪对泥沙起动起控制作用,进而显著提高悬浮物浓度;其余时间段,海流控制泥沙起动,悬浮物浓度随流速动态波动。该海域悬浮物浓度表现为叠加锯齿模型。因波浪作用而形成大锯齿,因海流作用而形成小锯齿。切应力计算结果可以较好地解释该模型。 相似文献
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针对传统海水营养盐检测方法不能满足海水营养盐长期原位监测需求的问题,研制了一种基于分光光度法的多量程海水营养盐原位传感器检测系统,通过对系统的高度集成及对多量程检测、低功耗技术、漏液保护技术的应用,实现了对海水5项营养盐参数快速、宽范围、高精度的原位测量。经过实验室和青岛中苑码头现场测试,表明本营养盐传感器检测系统具有低功耗、高可靠性能,可满足对5项营养盐参数的快速精确测量要求,实现了对海水营养盐参数的原位监测,为相关部门及时了解海洋生态环境和水体富营养化程度提供了数据支持,具有重大现实意义。 相似文献
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大亚湾倾倒区海洋动力对疏浚物扩散的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用对大亚湾海洋倾倒区在9个月倾倒期间的跟踪监测数据统计、分析其在接纳疏浚物倾倒期间悬浮物浓度的特征以及变化特点；通过相关系数的计算，分析海洋动力（波浪、海流）对疏浚物扩散的影响．结果显示：海区海洋动力较强，疏浚物扩散快速，因此，大量倾倒时，倾倒区悬浮物浓度并不大幅度上升；海域的波高与倾倒区悬浮物浓度存在显著正相关，即波浪是影响倾倒区浓度的主要因素；海流是疏浚物扩散的主要因子，其作用导致监测海区很少出现高悬浮物浓度．自然状态下，海水的运动状态和悬浮物浓度也在不断变化之中，因此，如何确定海域的悬浮物本底浓度是一个值得进一步探讨的问题． 相似文献
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针对深渊生物资源研究的需求，自主研发了用于全海深深度的深渊沉积物、水体和宏生物的保压取样装置，深渊沉积物保压转移装置，深渊微生物原位过滤及保存装置和高压培养高压酶学测定装置。在深海模拟环境验证了取样装置在万米深度下的工作性能。相关装置在“探索一号”科考船的TS15、TS21-1和TS21-2大洋科考航次中，搭载“奋斗者”号载人潜器、“2号”深渊着陆器、“原位实验”号着陆器于西菲律宾盆区和马里亚纳海沟进行了海上试验，成功获取了万米深度沉积物、水体和宏生物保压样品以及微生物原位过滤滤膜；成功进行了沉积物保压样品的保压转移试验。初步形成了深渊海域生物资源取样的装备技术体系，为深渊海底生物和基因资源开发，深渊生命过程等科学研究提供技术手段。 相似文献
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数字孪生技术构建的虚拟海洋平台,能够进一步实现海底环境监测数据的三维可视化分析。本文基于深海底长期原位监测数据,使用Unity3D技术构建出多模型融合的虚拟海洋环境,初步建立海洋工程地质环境数字孪生系统;结合MATLAB、ArcGIS数据分析技术实现智能监测、数据分析、人机交互、辅助决策等功能;研究进一步构建虚拟环境粒子系统,对南海北部陆坡神狐海域近底层悬浮物浓度升高事件进行了三维可视化分析,结果表明：在虚拟环境粒子系统中悬浮物浓度、粒子数量与聚集程度具有较大的时空差异。特别是悬浮物浓度维持在较高水平时,发现粒子间相互碰撞、重叠,并在空间中衍生了密集程度更高的微团,当悬浮物浓度进一步升至峰值时,微团数量增加并占据空间大部分体积,形成悬浮颗粒高度聚集,覆盖范围更广的悬浮物聚合体。本文基于图像分析技术,将可视化分析结果与真实海底摄像进行对比,相对误差在0.16%～2.80%范围内,具有较高的可行性。 相似文献
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本文依据营口鲅鱼圈港倾废区８个航次的疏浚物监测和追踪调查数据，深入了解了倾废海区中悬浮物、浊度、ＣＯＤ和ｐＨ等指标随潮汐变化的时空分布规律。调查结果表明：虽然该倾废区实施疏浚物倾倒已达４ａ，但该区中除悬浮物含量略有增加外，其他指标（如ＣＯＤ，ＤＯ，ｐＨ等）基本处于一类海水正常值范围。疏浚物倾倒后２０ｍｉｎ内可引起水中悬浮物和浊度含量的急剧上升，对海水的ｐＨ和ＣＯＤ含量也有一定程度的影响．表面浑水团主要随表层流和风向运移，悬浮物和浊度降至海区背景浓度的时间约需３５～４５ｍｉｎ，迁移距离可达１．３ｎｍｉｌｅ，影响面积通常可达０．３ｋｍ２． 相似文献
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获取近岸水体中悬浮物浓度及相关信息对于理解和管理海洋环境相当重要。历史上对于悬浮物浓度的监测往往通过费时费力的出海观测,而这种观测具有很大的局限性,每次观测只能获取一个站位的信息。为了更快更有效的获得即时悬浮物浓度相关信息,很多新的监测手段及相关科技被开发及应用。各种机载,卫星载遥感设各被用于获得及时,全面的沉积物信息... 相似文献
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Field investigation was carried out during 4 to 15 April 2001 around the Changjiang River Estuary. The similar distribution of sea surface nutrients and suspended sediment (SS) concentration is attributed to the physical mixing of Changjiang diluted water (CDW) with the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). On the basis of the observed positive relationship between total phosphorus (TP) and SS concentration, the sea surface TP is inversed from satellite SS data. SS is believed to be an ideal eutrophic state assessing index substitution for TP, the eutrophication classification critical value of SS adopted in this research was based on the linear model: cTP=0.000 6cSSsat 0.016 3, r2=0.564 5, n=32. Although lack of in-situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurement, a good relationship was observed between the in-situ DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) concentration with near real time SeaWiFS absorption coefficient of CDOM (ACD) data: cDIN=1.406 5AACBsat-0.035 9,r2=0.741 5,n=16. This empirical regression algorithm was also utilized for inversing the DIN concentration from SeaWiFS ACD data, and for establishing the eutrophication classification critical value of satellite ACD data. The established remote eutrophication classification system was later used for seawater eutrophic state assessment. The evaluation suggested that the Zhoushan Fishing Ground especially the western border is affected seriously with the nutrient input. The nutrient is mainly from the terrestrial source transported by the Changjiang River runoff. The seawater quality classification precision was assessed by in-situ data, which suggested the seawater quality distribution is similar to the two classification systems, and the remote classification error is below 25%. 相似文献
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Observations of boundary layer parameters and suspended sediment transport over the intertidal flats of northern Jiangsu, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A current-turbidity monitoring system (CTMS) was deployed on the intertidal flat at Wanggang, northern Jiangsu during October 16-17, 2000, to measure the tidal current speeds and seawater turbidities at 5 levels above the seabed. Based upon the logarithmic-prof‘de equation, the boundary layer parameters, i.e., u*, Z0 and C60, were obtained for 247 tidal flow velocity prof‘des. Around 90% of the profiles were logarithmic according to the critical correlation coefficient. Internal consistency analysis shows that these parameters derived by different methods are consistent with each other. In addition, the height of the bedforms observed is close to the seabed roughness lengths calculated from the velocity prof‘des, indicating that the boundary layer parameters obtained can reveal the conditions at the sedimentwater interface on the intertidal flats. Suspended sediment concentrations were obtained from the 5 CTMS turbidity meters using laboratory and in-situ calibrations. The results show that the in-situ calibrated SSCs have a much higher accuracy than the laboratory calibrated ones. Calculation of suspended sediment fluxes on the intertidal flats, with a magnitude of 104 kg/m per spring tidal cycle, indicates that suspended sediment moves towards the northwest, which is reversal to the transport pattern controlled by the southward Northern Jiangsu Coastal Current in the sub-tidal zone and adjacent shallow waters. 相似文献
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含聚污水的水质问题是目前聚驱注水油田最紧迫的问题之一,以渤海旅大10-1油田含聚污水为例,利用原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,实验研究含聚污水中残余聚合物对悬浮物浓度和粒径中值,含油率以及结垢离子浓度的具体影响,并进行了含聚污水回注储层岩心动态损害实验。研究表明：当残余聚合物浓度由0 mg/L时逐级增加到150 mg/L时,注入水悬浮物浓度增加了近269.0%,粒径中值仅增加0.3μm,抽滤速度下降了99.3%,含油率下降了86.5%,镁钙离子浓度下降了18.0%。残余聚合物的絮凝作用以及对纤维滤膜的吸附作用是悬浮物增加、抽滤速度显著降低的主要原因,乳化作用使得常规含油率测定值偏低,且残余聚合物浓度及分子量越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。另外,单一残余聚合物对高渗透储层损害有限,其与悬浮物及含油的协同作用是主要伤害源。 相似文献
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A prototype deep pump filtration system, designed to sample suspended particulate matter in the deep sea, has been developed for use with an in-situ optical nephelometer used to locate zones of high particulate concentration. The filtration system, which has essentially an unlimited depth capability, can sample large volumes of water and is limited only by the concentration of the suspended load and the clogging characteristics of the filter, thereby being ideally suited for use in areas of extremely low particulate concentration. In its present configuration, the unit is capable of collecting as much as 200 mg of suspended sediment per lowering. The system is compact in design and may easily be integrated with any instrument platform, or used independently. In addition, the membrane filtration method utilized provides a convenient means of sample handling during analysis with a minimum of contamination. 相似文献
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利用ADCP和LISST-100仪观测悬浮物浓度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用黄河口海床基声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的周日观测资料对悬浮物浓度进行了反演,反演过程中综合考虑了球面扩散、声学近场的非球面扩散、海水和悬浮颗粒的吸收衰减以及其他因素对回声信号的影响,结果表明在粒径保持相对稳定的情况下,利用ADCP仪回声强度反演悬浮物浓度具有较高的精度.结合现场激光粒度仪(LISST-100)测得的粒径分布信息在反演过程中考虑了粒径修正,重点讨论了观测区域粒径变化对结果的影响,结果表明粒径的剧烈变化会降低体积后向散射强度与悬浮物浓度之间的相关性.大颗粒物质的存在使计算得到的悬浮物浓度偏高,粒径修正虽然在一定程度上消除了这种影响,但线性拟合的相关性并未提高. 相似文献
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Katsutoshi Kido 《Marine Chemistry》1974,2(4):277-285
The concentrations of particulate silica and inorganic suspended matter in the surface water of the North Pacific were determined. The concentration of particulate silica depends on latitude, and increases with increasing degree of the north latitude. The concentration of inorganic suspended matter shows a similar distribution pattern, but it is of much smaller magnitude. There exists a high positive correlation between the concentrations of particulate silica and nutrients. On the other hand, a weak negative correlation is found between the concentrations in surface seawater of particulate silica and radioactive 210Pb which originate chiefly from precipitation and dry fallout. This evidence suggests that the particulate silica in the sea is mainly of biogenic origin and the contribution of nonbiogenic silica, i.e., of terrestrial origin, is small. 相似文献