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设计了一种用于采集中底层水样的海水石油类样品原位采水器。适用于分析水样中油类、生物类等指标。其主要特点是可以采集所需深度的水样,保持所采集水样的原位特征。与常见的采水器相比,该采水器采用"闭-开-闭"的采样瓶启闭模式,即把经过清洗处理的采样瓶装到采水器上,瓶口保持密封状态,下放到设定深度后,发出指令打开采样瓶瓶口,开始采水,采样瓶装满水样后,关闭采样瓶瓶口。闭-开-闭模式,保证了样品瓶采样前后始终处于密封状态,避免在采水器下放和提升过程中,采样瓶和采集的水样可能受到其他深度水体的污染和干扰。 相似文献
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可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深海海水中气体的含量可以在一定程度上标识深海资源蕴藏量,因而实现对深海海水的气密采样意义重大.为此设计了一种可浮动的自锁装置,并采用压力自适应平衡原理,实现了对深海海水的气密采样.实验室和海上试验结果均表明深海气密采水器在装上可浮动自锁装置后耐压能力和气密性都得到了有效的提高,对初始压强为1.208 MPa的N2气保压2 h,压力损失不到1.2%,并成功地实现了对960 m深的海水样品的气密采样.此样品中CH4浓度为5.44 nmol/dm^3,CO2浓度为140.6nmol/dm^3.该可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制为深海资源勘探分析提供了必要的技术支持. 相似文献
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真核微生物是海洋生态系统中生物多样性高且功能重要的组成部分，但因个体微小且形态特征不明显，传统的分类学方法很难全面评估其多样性。环境DNA结合高通量测序技术为真核微生物多样性研究提供了可靠技术支撑，然而采水量对于评估寡营养海域浮游真核微生物多样性的影响仍知之甚少。本研究在吕宋海峡及菲律宾海盆中设置5个采样点，每个站点各取4个10 L表层海水样品用于真核微生物高通量测序分析。对各站每个重复所获得的真核微生物多样性进行研究，并分析了采水量与真核微生物OTU数量、群落结构及优势种和稀有种之间的关系。研究发现，采水量和真核微生物OTU数量之间呈正相关关系，10 L水所获得的平均OTU数量为40 L水的64%，20 L水可获得82%，30 L水为92%。10 L样品所获得的群落多样性指数显著低于30 L和40 L样品检获的群落，而20 L样品与30 L和40 L样品在多样性指数上无显著差异。随着采水量增加，更多的稀有OTUs被检获，而丰富OTUs数量变化不明显。但统计分析显示，10 L与40 L组样品检获的真核微生物群落结构无显著差异。因此，综合考虑样品的可得性和现场处理时间，最低20 L的采水量可用于评估这一寡营养海域的真核微生物多样性和群落结构特点。 相似文献
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针对深渊生物资源研究的需求，自主研发了用于全海深深度的深渊沉积物、水体和宏生物的保压取样装置，深渊沉积物保压转移装置，深渊微生物原位过滤及保存装置和高压培养高压酶学测定装置。在深海模拟环境验证了取样装置在万米深度下的工作性能。相关装置在“探索一号”科考船的TS15、TS21-1和TS21-2大洋科考航次中，搭载“奋斗者”号载人潜器、“2号”深渊着陆器、“原位实验”号着陆器于西菲律宾盆区和马里亚纳海沟进行了海上试验，成功获取了万米深度沉积物、水体和宏生物保压样品以及微生物原位过滤滤膜；成功进行了沉积物保压样品的保压转移试验。初步形成了深渊海域生物资源取样的装备技术体系，为深渊海底生物和基因资源开发，深渊生命过程等科学研究提供技术手段。 相似文献
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这里介绍的西德基尔大学应用物理所研制的现场水中微粒采集装置,最大工作深度1km,一次投放可采集800个样品,供海水的生物、矿物、悬浮物、沉积物及化学方面的定量分析,该装置在水下进行泵汲取样、网膜过滤和塑料热焊封存,提出水面后用显微镜观察和分析,用计算机数据处理,可获得各种微粒的时空分布曲线.这种水中微粒采集方法是海水采样技术发展史上的一次革新,值得我们在研制采水设备时参考。 相似文献
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借助自主研发的深海水体原位定植培养系统,在南海3 300 m的深海水体中进行了氮循环微生物的原位培养.通过向富集仓中投加缓释肥(铵盐、硝酸盐和尿素)进行了为期17个月的原位富集.结合高通量测序技术和分离培养的方法,对深海原位富集物及实验室二次富集物进行了微生物多样性分析. 16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明,在南海原位富集样品中,细菌以变形菌门丰度最高,富集仓内脱脂棉附着介质和仓内水样中的最优势属分别为希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)和科韦尔氏菌属(Colwellia);古菌以奇古菌门为主,其中氨氧化古菌(AOA)所占比例很高.通过平板培养分离到17株细菌,主要包括盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)和亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)等.通过不同起始氮源(氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐)和培养温度(28℃和10℃),对原位富集样品进行实验室二次富集,获得了5个富集菌群.分析发现,它们均具有较好的脱氮效果,可以产生N_2O或N_2;这些菌群均以盐单胞菌属占绝对优势,其次为海源菌属(Idiomarina)或海杆菌属,其中盐单胞菌和海源菌成功获得分离.单菌功能验证表明,分离获得的盐单胞菌具有好氧反硝化能力,其在原位环境下反硝化活性尚有待确认. 相似文献
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深海在黑暗、高静水压、低温（黑烟囱等热液系统除外）和寡营养的极端环境下形成了特殊的生境。对深海生物/微生物的研究,不仅可以揭示各种深海生物的生理代谢特性和动态变化规律,而且有助于深海生物资源的开发利用,特别是深海微生物碳循环机制的相关研究可为全球实现碳中和目标提供新的路线图。研究深海生物的首要条件是获得大量保持原位特性的样本,然而传统深海采样手段的局限可能导致深海相关研究结果无法反映深海环境下真实的生命过程,亟需发展满足深海生物原位研究的采样方法和生态监测技术。本文对深海生物研究现状,相关科学问题和原位组学研究进展,以及原位生态监测装备研发和应用进行综述,并对深海原位生物实验室进行了展望。 相似文献
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日本刺沙蚕(Neathesjaponica)、海稚虫科(Splonldae)等多毛类是潍坊市浅海及滩涂主要的底栖生物种类,也是虾池中主要的底栖饵料生物。为充分合理地利用这部分资源,笔者于1991～1992年春夏季对该区近岸水域多毛类幼虫的变化情况进行了初步调查。1 调查内容与方法1.1 近海岸采集水样的定量调查1.1.1 采样时间 3月中旬至7月中旬,每3d一次,高潮时取样。1.1.2 采样地点 寿光市第二水产养殖公司扬水站外,潍坊市第二海水养殖试验场大坝外。1.1.3 采样方法 用500ml采水器分表、中、下水层和不同点共取海水10000ml,再用200目筛网过滤浓缩,用… 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献