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桩前预留土体对抗滑桩影响的分析与计算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孙勇 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(1):58-63
本文在前人研究的基础上对桩前土体需要开挖的抗滑桩提出了一种新的计算方法,即似m法。文中将单排抗滑桩分为三类:第一类为桩前土体不开挖,但与抗滑桩分离形成桩后缝隙;第二类为桩前土体不开挖,但与抗滑桩相贴且有抵挡抗滑桩的作用;第三类为桩前土体需要开挖,并对各类抗滑桩给出了相应的设计计算方法。对于第一类抗滑桩可用本文改进的m法和有限线单元法计算;对于第二类抗滑桩考虑桩前抗力值大小后也可用本文改进的m法和有限单元法计算;对于第三类抗滑桩可用本文提出的似m法和改进的有限线单元法计算。通过与实际工程测量值对比分析,得出结论:在抗滑桩工程中对桩的钢筋受力进行实测以推断桩的受力性能,弥补滑坡推力及桩前抗力勘测、分析、计算值可靠性差的弱点。该方法与二维、三维有限元法相比,具有计算方法简单、可靠的特点,值得广泛应用和发展。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(6):1666-1674
在考虑开挖引起土体回弹和土体强度特性、应力状态变化的基础上,提出了开挖条件下非均质地基中竖向受荷单桩非线性计算方法,并与已有试验结果对比,证明了简化方法的正确性,并对开挖前、后单桩的竖向承载特性的变化以及开挖后土体回弹对基桩受力和变形的影响进行研究分析。研究表明,常规试桩法和套管试桩法高估了基桩竖向极限承载力和桩顶刚度,采用常规试桩和套管试桩法得到的承载力作为设计值偏于不安全;开挖卸荷引起桩周土体回弹使得桩身出现拉力,开挖深度较大时桩身中、下部的配筋应充分考虑由于开挖引起的沿桩身的拉力,防止开挖过程中基桩被拉断;桩周土体的卸荷回弹将会引起桩顶刚度的明显降低。 相似文献
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滑坡面下双排抗滑结构的计算方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将道路桥梁水平受力多排桩计算的结构力学方法引入到双排抗滑结构的计算中。与其不同的是,滑动面以上存在滑坡体,而桥梁的最大冲刷线以上没有考虑这种土体的存在对滑动面以下m法的影响。提出了滑动面以下考虑滑坡体存在的两种新的m法,还对滑动面以上排桩间土体作用在前后排桩的土压力进行了试验和理论分析,给出了计算公式。同时,用有限杆单元法,对双排桩的连梁刚度和用文中提出的方法以桩梁连接方式进行了试验和理论分析得出如下结论：在满足不相互影响排桩间距的情况下,桩顶连梁与桩的刚度比不小于0.48是合适的,此时再增加连梁刚度无意义;桩梁连接为铰结时双排桩受力变形性质最差,刚结时受力变形性质最好;不论是单排桩还是双排桩,桩前（单排桩）和前排桩桩前（双排桩）土体需要开挖时应慎重,因为这种开挖对支护结构影响很大,造价增加很多;双排桩省钱,而且抵抗变形的能力强,值得在工程中研究和广泛应用 相似文献
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孙勇 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(2):123-128
文章对桩前土体需要开挖情形下的随机有限杆单元法给出了新的详细的计算公式。由于滑坡和稳定体常为碎石土和风化的软岩,不适宜用静力触探研究相关范围（土性的自相关性）,因此本文用旁压试验m值对相关范围进行研究和计算。根据所作的大量抗滑桩并参照已有的研究成果（如Meyerhof的研究成果）,建议抗滑桩的可靠度与工程结构的可靠度取值同（即一级结构[β]=3.7、二级结构[β]=3.2、三级结构[β]=2.7）。这样处理,钢筋混凝土结构的许多成果均可移植到钢筋混凝土抗滑桩中。侧向地基系数Ch（p=b1mxy=b1Chy）为与土性及埋深有关的量,本文给出了用旁压试验推求m值的两种计算公式。 相似文献
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西部山区双排抗滑桩的机理及设计研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将公路、铁路桥梁多排桩计算的结构力学方法引入到双排抗滑桩的计算中。与其不同的是,滑动面以上存在滑坡体,而桥梁的最大冲刷线以上没有考虑这种土体的存在对滑动面以下m法的影响。本文提出了滑动面以下考虑滑坡体存在的修改m法一和修改m法二。本文还对滑动面以上前排桩桩后及后排桩桩前的土压力计算进行了实验分析研究,认为滑动面以上后排桩桩前的土压力可按静止土压力计算,滑动面以上前排桩桩后的土压力按静止土压力计算,但要增加排桩间土体的下滑力。同时,用有限杆单元法对双排桩的连梁刚度进行了分析,当满足不相互影响排桩间距的情况下,桩顶连梁与桩的刚度比不小于0.48是合适的,此时再增加连梁刚度无意义。本文认为双排桩节省费用,而且抵抗变形的能力强,值得在工程中研究和广泛应用。 相似文献
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利用有限元软件ABAQUS,采用对隧道洞室周边及开挖面的土体施加由盾构机引起的各种荷载的方法模拟天津市地铁1号线盾构施工。计算结果表明,有限元模型能够很好地模拟盾构施工过程。利用此模型研究隧道开挖对桩基础的影响。隧道开挖引起的桩顶沉降、桩身侧移主要发生在盾构机推进面逐渐接近桩的过程中,当盾构机推进面通过桩所在的位置后桩顶沉降、桩身侧移增加不明显;与隧道水平距离相同时,由于长桩能够充分发挥桩身下部的侧摩阻力,隧道开挖引起的长桩的桩顶沉降小于短桩的桩顶沉降;隧道开挖过程中12 m长桩的桩身发生了整体倾斜,16、19 m长桩的桩身出现了弯曲变形,16、19 m长桩的桩身最大弯矩发生在地面下12～13 m之间,即在隧道轴线附近;开挖过程中桩顶出现沿隧道推进方向的往复位移;桩顶作用的竖向荷载越大,由隧道开挖引起的桩顶沉降越大 相似文献
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基于砂土中隧道开挖引起的土体竖向位移经验公式,分析隧道开挖对邻近桩基础的竖向影响。采用两阶段计算方法,将邻近桩基础视为竖向被动桩,依据砂土中隧道开挖引起地表及地表以下土体产生的沉降槽,考虑桩土相互作用的非线性,得到砂土中隧道开挖对邻近桩基础轴力影响的简化计算方法,并与土工离心试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的合理性。在研究过程中,分析了隧道覆盖层厚度、隧道直径、隧道与桩之间的距离、隧道土体损失率、桩长、桩径等因素。研究结果表明,桩身轴力随着覆盖层厚度的增加而减小,随隧道直径和土体损失率的增大而增加;隧道与桩之间距离为2.5倍隧道直径时对轴力的影响最大;随着桩长、桩径的增加,桩身轴力逐渐增加。 相似文献
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在基坑设计计算中,就深基坑桩锚支护结构的受力与变形研究而言,目前运用较为广泛的是改进增量法理论,荷载增量的准确计算是该理论是否应用于实践的关键点,荷载增量的计算中是否应考虑开挖面以下土体因抗力系数变动引起弹性抗力变化释放的反力增量成为研究焦点,而对土体弹性抗力的影响因素却少有研究。鉴于此,本文在计算荷载增量时,综合考虑位移土压力及开挖面以下土体因抗力系数变动引起弹性抗力变化的影响,提出了更符合工程实际的增量计算方法。结合工程实例,编制了MATLAB计算程序,将其所得结果与未考虑前进行了对比,并进一步采用有限元软件PLAXIS对工程实例进行模拟,验证了此方法的合理性,结果表明本文提出的基于改进增量法的桩锚支护结构位移与内力计算方法是合理、可行的。最后对影响土体弹性抗力的两大因素——土体黏聚力c与内摩擦角φ,通过控制变量法分别进行了讨论分析,结果显示随着土体黏聚力c或内摩擦角φ的减小,桩身位移呈现逐渐增大的趋势,但最大位移都在基坑变形允许的范围内。 相似文献
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就围护桩（或围护墙）加内支撑这一基坑支护形式而言,基于弹性地基梁理论的增量法是其围护结构内力和变形计算的常用方法。合理计算荷载增量是该方法实施的关键之一。目前,该法的荷载增量主要由土压力增量和挖除土体弹性抗力释放的反力增量两部分组成。根据弹性地基梁和增量法的基本原理,结合基坑施工过程,综合分析得出：荷载增量除上述两部分外,还应包括开挖面以下土体因开挖面下降、水平抗力系数降低而引起的土体弹性抗力部分释放的反力增量;开挖面以下围护桩（或围护墙）任意点的这部分反力增量等于该点在上一工况下的侧向位移与开挖侧土体水平抗力系数的比例系数m和本工况挖除土体厚度的乘积。工程实例理论计算结果和实测结果的对比分析表明,与传统增量法相比,采用改进增量法,围护桩（或围护墙）侧向位移的计算值与实测值更加接近,计算结果更加符合工程实际。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献