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评估生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Values,ESV)有利于衡量生态系统服务供给潜力和生态效益的大小,对城市生态规划与土地利用管控起到重要的支撑作用。选择长沙市为研究区域,基于1990、2000、2010和2018年4期土地利用现状遥感监测数据集,利用ArcGIS软件和经本地化校正的当量因子法,分析1990—2018年间的土地利用变化特征,并探讨土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明: ①1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化轨迹以耕地→林地互相转化以及建设用地对耕地、林地的侵占为主; ②1990—2018年长沙市的ESV共减少53.17×108 元,降幅3.59%,除水域外各类ESV均呈下降趋势,林地和耕地服务价值减少最明显; ③在各单项服务功能中,水文调节的价值最大,其次是气候调节,两者之和占总价值的54%; ④“退耕还林”“退田还湖”“兴工强市”等政策引起的土地利用变化势必对ESV造成影响,城市快速扩张、土地开发会导致ESV不断下降。综合分析认为,在调整研究区土地利用结构、优化土地配置时应充分重视水域、林地等生态系统服务价值较高的土地利用类型,减缓ESV的下降趋势。 相似文献
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该文以1999年及2009年岑溪市土地利用数据为来源,在GIS的支持下,分析了10年来研究区内的土地利用变化的时空特点及其转化过程,结合土地利用综合指数、耕地垦殖指数、植被覆盖指数、景观破碎度指数评价了土地利用变化的生态风险。研究表明：研究区域内10年间土地利用类型发生了复杂的相互转换,其中林草地、建设用地和耕地为研究区内变化面积最大的3种土地利用类型;受经济快速发展和城市化进程加快的影响,土地利用的广度和深度不断增大,全市土地利用趋于破碎化,土地生态风险程度有所增加。 相似文献
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基于3S技术的西部石羊河流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在3S技术支持下,通过利用土地利用/土地覆盖信息分析参数对20世纪90年代中期和21世纪初两个时期石羊河流域土地利用变化进行的定量分析结果表明:7年间,土地利用类型发生变化比较大的地区是石羊河流域的东部和北部.整个流域湿地、冰川、耕地、裸露地、草地、盐碱地等都发生了变化.研究实践表明,利用3S技术进行国土资源调查,建立国土资源环境数据平台,每5~10年进行一次数据更新,可以很好地反映土地利用/土地覆盖的变化情况,从而为更好地研究土地利用、土地覆盖变化规律,为政府的宏观决策提供依据. 相似文献
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土地利用变化与陆地-海洋的相互作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
评述了土地利用变化通过对河流的水文学、营养元素、悬浮物、沉积物、水生生物的影响,进而对海洋产生的重要影响,土地利用变化是陆地—海洋相互作用发生变化的原因之一。介绍了当前北海沿岸的英国及其它一些国家实施的陆地和海洋相互作用计划的研究内容和进展,提出今后应加强海岸带土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究与陆地—海洋相互作用研究的结合,提高对全球变化的认识。 相似文献
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将2000、2005、2010和2013年的土地利用类型数据与GIS技术结合,获取了甘肃省敦煌市近年来土地利用类型动态变化特征,并结合该地区的2000年以来社会经济和自然环境的资料,分析土地利用类型变化的驱动因素.结果表明：在2000-2013年期间,敦煌市城市化发展迅速,耕地、建设用地和水域面积明显增加,2000-2013年的14建分别增长了10.0%、42.2%和2.5%;草地和未利用土地面积呈减少趋势,分别减少了2.1%和0.1%;林地、沙地变化程度较小. 7种土地利用类型之间相互转换,主要的转移方向为草地、未利用土地向耕地转移,未利用土地向建设用地和水域转变.对影响土地利用变化的而主要驱动因素进行主成分分析,结果显示经济发展、国家政策等人类活动为主要的影响因素,自然因素为辅. 相似文献
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根据珠江三角洲土地利用的实际情况,在借鉴国内外较为成熟的技术方法的基础上,利用Landsat卫星的TM和ETM 数据对珠江三角洲经济核心区域的土地利用进行了监督分类后的变化检测,探讨了该区域1998～2003年间的土地利用变化状况。另外,本研究以1998～2003年的土地利用变化为基础数据,着重探讨了各类土地利用转化的强度和趋势,同时分析其转化机理。结果表明,珠江三角洲经济核心区内城市逐步向外扩张,并侵占了其周边的农田用地,与此同时,为了保证农田总量的平衡,农田对其外围的林地逐步进行侵蚀,是林地总量减少的根本原因。本文通过对土地利用转化的机理研究,可以为政府土地管理部门进行农业结构调整、控制和规划提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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【研究目的】近20年来,长江三角洲海岸带地区土地类型结构发生显著转化,海岸带开发与保护的矛盾凸显。本文旨在开展长江三角洲海岸带典型区土地利用变化与生态环境效应研究,为海岸带地区的土地资源可持续利用、海岸带环境保护提供科学依据。【研究方法】利用美国Landsat卫星系列遥感影像和中国资源卫星系列遥感影像,采用自动监督分类并结合目视解译,获取了研究区1995—2015年共5期土地利用分类数据,分析土地利用变化特征和趋势,探讨长江三角洲海岸带典型区城镇发展、围填海时空变化及生态环境效应。【研究结果】长江三角洲海岸带典型区（南通、上海、嘉兴、宁波和舟山）1995年至2015年,土地利用变化明显,耕地大幅度减少,比例从1995年的68.8%降为2015年的55.7%;城镇建设用地迅速扩张,年平均增加192.8 km2。【结论】在快速城市化过程中,人口、单位面积能源消耗等快速增加,环境问题凸显,大量的耕地转为建设用地,围填海使滨海湿地面积快速减小和消失,导致CO2和污染物释放与吸收严重失衡,海洋环境受流域和沿海城镇化建设的影响明显,长江口及邻近海域近20年来赤潮频发,研究区陆域和海洋环境压力增加。创新点：选取长江三角洲海岸带典型区,首次以1995—2015年5期序列遥感影像数据为基础,采用空间叠加分析方法,着重分析了建设用地和围填海区域的时空演化特征;以人类活动为主线,综合多种海洋环境指标,分析快速城市化进程中,建设用地和围填海导致的生态环境效应。 相似文献
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Syamsidik Rina Suryani Oktari Khairul Munadi Suhada Arief Inayah Zhiaul Fajri 《Natural Hazards》2017,88(3):1503-1521
Ten years after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and following a long process of rehabilitation and reconstruction, Aceh has finally recovered. After the tsunami, Aceh experienced a dramatic migration of its coastal population away from the city; however, after 10 years, the population has mostly recovered. As new houses have been built and new economic activities commenced in the coastal areas, there is now concern regarding potential future tsunami risks for the city. The initial rehabilitation and reconstruction plan sought to prevent the construction of any new houses 500 m from the coastline; however, this failed to happen. This paper elucidates the reasons why these new coastal communities chose their new housing areas and examines the coastal land use changes around Banda Aceh 10 years after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Questionnaires were distributed to 457 respondents, and multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the reasons for household location selection and whether a possible future tsunami was a deciding factor. To examine the coastal land use changes, a series of aerial images from the Banda Aceh coastal area were digitised. It was found that tsunami history was not a major factor in new household selection; rather, rents and land prices, distance from work, and family connections were the top three reasons motivating households to select new living places. These changes and new settlements have given the city’s disaster management agency the challenge of building more emergency infrastructure in the coastal areas. 相似文献
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Gegar Prasetya Jose Borrero Willem de Lange Kerry Black Terry Healy 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(3):1029-1055
The tsunami inundation flows on Banda Aceh, Indonesia reached 5 km inland during the December 26, 2004, event and devastated
most of the houses, buildings, and infrastructure along the coast and killed more than 167,000 people. The overland flows
from the northwest coast and the west coast collided at Lampisang village approximately 3.7 km from Ulee Lheue (northwest
coast) and 6.8 km from Lhok Nga (west coast) as reported by survivors. Inundation modeling based on the nonlinear shallow-water
wave equations reproduces the inundation pattern and demonstrates a colliding of the overland flows. The model suggests that
wave characteristics on the northwest coast of Banda Aceh were different from those on the waves that impacted upon the west
coast. The areas, which experienced higher inundation levels, did not always experience greatest overland flow speeds, and
the damage areas mostly coincide with the flow speed distribution rather than the runup and inundation depth. 相似文献
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Discovery of possible mega-thrust earthquake along the Seram Trough from records of 1629 tsunami in eastern Indonesian region 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Arthur Wichmann’s “Earthquakes of the Indian Archipelago” documents several large earthquakes and tsunami throughout the Banda Arc region that can be interpreted as mega-thrust events. However, the source regions of these events are not known. One of the largest and well-documented events in the catalog is the great earthquake and tsunami affecting the Banda Islands on August 1, 1629. It caused severe damage from a 15-m tsunami that arrived at the Banda Islands about a half hour after violent shaking stopped. The earthquake was also recorded 230 km away in Ambon, but no tsunami is mentioned. This event was followed by at least 9 years of uncommonly frequent seismic activity in the region that tapered off with time, which can be interpreted as aftershocks. The combination of these observations indicates that the earthquake was most likely a mega-thrust event. We use an inverse modeling approach to numerically reconstruct the tsunami, which constrains the likely location and magnitude of the 1629 earthquake. Only, linear numerical models are applied due to the low resolution of bathymetry in the Banda Islands and Ambon. Therefore, we apply various wave amplification factors (1.5–4) derived from simulations of recent, well-constrained tsunami to bracket the upper and lower limits of earthquake moment magnitudes for the event. The closest major earthquake sources to the Banda Islands are the Tanimbar and Seram Troughs of the Banda subduction/collision zone. Other source regions are too far away for such a short arrival time of the tsunami after shaking. Moment magnitudes predicted by the models in order to produce a 15-m tsunami are Mw of 9.8–9.2 on the Tanimbar Trough and Mw 8.8–8.2 on the Seram Trough. The arrival times of these waves are 58 min for Tanimbar Trough and 30 min for Seram Trough. The model also predicts 5-m run-up for Ambon from a Tanimbar Trough source, which is inconsistent with the historical records. Ambon is mostly shielded from a wave generated by a Seram Trough source. We conclude that the most likely source of the 1629 mega-thrust earthquake is the Seram Trough. Only one earthquake >Mw 8.0 is recorded instrumentally from the eastern Indonesia region although high rates of strain (50–80 mm/a) are measured across the Seram section of the Banda subduction zone. Enough strain has already accumulated since the last major historical event to produce an earthquake of similar size to the 1629 event. Due to the rapid population growth in coastal areas in this region, it is imperative that the most vulnerable coastal areas prepare accordingly. 相似文献
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The Indian Ocean tsunami event of December 26, 2004 not only left massive casualties and economic damages, but also raised concerns about the destruction and recovery of coastal ecosystems. This work aimed to analyze the spatial patterns and temporal trajectories of vegetation damage and recovery using a multisensor multitemporal remote sensing, dataset. Using the study area of Koh Phra Thong, Thailand as a case study, we demonstrate the capabilities of remote sensing analysis in assessing the consequences of an extreme flooding event on the dynamics of coastal vegetation. Field surveys and satellite mid-resolution multispectral satellite data covering the period from February 2003 to December 2009 were used to map flooded areas and coastal vegetation loss and recovery following the tsunami. Normalized Difference Reflectance change detection was performed to map the extent of flooded areas. Vegetation Fraction Cover derived using spectral unmixing techniques was used to study the multitemporal changes in coastal vegetation after the event. Vegetation change detection techniques were applied to characterize the vegetation cover changes in two different time frames: short-term changes (from 4?days to 1?year after the event), and long-term dynamics (up to 5?years after). Estimates of vegetation change (decline, recovery, and gain) were quantified and mapped, with extreme vegetation losses found directly after the tsunami (up to 79?% in flooded areas). After 1?year, different trends had developed, indicating that recovering vegetation had reached up to 55?% of pre-tsunami land cover, but with different trajectories for each vegetation type. 相似文献
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Tsunamis are among the most destructive and lethal of coastal hazards. These are time-specific events, and despite directly affecting a narrow strip of coastline, a single occurrence can have devastating effects and cause massive loss of life, especially in urbanized coastal areas. In this work, in order to consider the time dependence of population exposure to tsunami threat, the variation of spatio-temporal population distribution in the daily cycle is mapped and analyzed in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. High-resolution daytime and nighttime population distribution maps are developed using ‘intelligent dasymetric mapping,’ that is, applying areal interpolation to combine best-available census data and statistics with land use and land cover data. Workplace information and mobility statistics are considered for mapping daytime distribution. In combination with a tsunami hazard map, information on infrastructure, land use and terrain slope, the modeled population distribution is used to assess people’s evacuation speed, applying a geospatial evacuation modeling approach to the city of Lisbon. The detailed dynamic population exposure assessment allows producing both daytime and nighttime evacuation time maps, which provide valuable input for evacuation planning and management. Results show that a significant amount of population is at risk, and its numbers increase dramatically from nighttime to daytime, especially in the zones of high tsunami flooding susceptibility. Also, full evacuation can be problematic in the daytime period, even if initiated immediately after a major tsunami-triggering earthquake. The presented approach greatly improves tsunami risk assessment and can benefit all phases of the disaster management process. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):57-68
Both seismic and tsunami hazards design criteria are essential input to the rehabilitation and long-term development of city of Banda Aceh Post Sumatra 2004 (M w=9.3) disaster. A case study to develop design criteria for future disaster mitigation of the area is presented. The pilot study consists of probabilistic seismic and tsunami hazard analysis. Results of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis indicates that peak ground acceleration at baserock for 10 and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years is 0.3 and 0.55 g, respectively. The analysis also provides spectral values at short (T=0.2 s) and long period (T=1.0 s) motions. Some non-linear time-domain earthquake response analyses for soft, medium, and hard site-class were conducted to recommend design response spectra for each site-class. In addition, tsunami inundation maps generated from probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis were developed through tsunami wave propagation analysis and run-up numerical modeling associated with its probability of tsunamigenic earthquake source potential. Both the seismic and tsunami hazard curve and design criteria are recommended as contribution of this study for design criteria, as part of the disaster mitigation effort in the development process of the city. The methodology developed herein could be applied to other seismic and tsunami disaster potential areas. 相似文献
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Nagapattinam, in the east coast of India, was severely affected during the deadliest Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26,
2004. The tsunami caused heavy damage to life and property, and the death toll was about 3,378 in Nagapattinam taluk. Certain
villages along the coast witnessed large inundation while adjacent villages were protected from the fury of the tsunami waves.
This study was carried out to examine the underlying causes for the vulnerability along Nagapattinam coast with the help of
field observations, remote sensing, and geographical information system as tools. Coastal areas with high sand dunes have
been protected from tsunami, and areas adjacent to backwaters were inundated. Realtime Kinematic Global Positioning System
and high-resolution satellite data were used to map the topographic information and maximum extent of inundation. Thematic
maps on land use, land cover, and coastal geomorphology were generated using remote sensing and field data. Using field data
as the primary source of information, tsunami hazard maps have been generated for Nagapattinam. 相似文献
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Impacts from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: analysing the potential protecting role of environmental features 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The tsunami that deeply impacted the North Indian Ocean shores on 26 December 2004, called for urgent rehabilitation of coastal
infrastructures to restore the livelihood of local populations. A spatial and statistical analysis was performed to identify
what geomorphological and biological configurations (mangroves forests, coral and other coastal vegetation) are susceptible
to decrease or increase coastal vulnerability to tsunami. The results indicate that the width of flooded land strip was, in
vast majority, influenced by the distance to fault lines as well as inclination and length of proximal slope. Areas covered
by seagrass beds were less impacted, whereas areas behind coral reefs were more affected. The mangroves forests identified
in the study were all located in sheltered areas, thus preventing to address the potential protecting role of mangroves forests. 相似文献
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Anisotropic path modeling to assess pedestrian-evacuation potential from Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Recent disasters highlight the threat that tsunamis pose to coastal communities. When developing tsunami-education efforts and vertical-evacuation strategies, emergency managers need to understand how much time it could take for a coastal population to reach higher ground before tsunami waves arrive. To improve efforts to model pedestrian evacuations from tsunamis, we examine the sensitivity of least-cost-distance models to variations in modeling approaches, data resolutions, and travel-rate assumptions. We base our observations on the assumption that an anisotropic approach that uses path-distance algorithms and accounts for variations in land cover and directionality in slope is the most realistic of an actual evacuation landscape. We focus our efforts on the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington (USA), where a substantial residential and tourist population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results indicate thousands of people are located in areas where evacuations to higher ground will be difficult before arrival of the first tsunami wave. Deviations from anisotropic modeling assumptions substantially influence the amount of time likely needed to reach higher ground. Across the entire study, changes in resolution of elevation data has a greater impact on calculated travel times than changes in land-cover resolution. In particular areas, land-cover resolution had a substantial impact when travel-inhibiting waterways were not reflected in small-scale data. Changes in travel-speed parameters had a substantial impact also, suggesting the importance of public-health campaigns as a tsunami risk-reduction strategy. 相似文献