共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
黄河中游吉县段全新世古洪水滞流沉积物光释光测年研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对黄河中游河口镇-龙门段峡谷进行详细的野外考察,在多个地点发现了含有古洪水滞流沉积物的全新世地层剖面。对山西省临汾市吉县段冯家集剖面的古洪水滞流沉积物系统采样,进行了沉积学及年代学分析研究。野外观测和粒度成分分析表明冯家集剖面夹有5层典型的古洪水滞流沉积物,其性质为细沙质粉沙,具有水平层理,层与层之间被坡积石渣土分隔。该层系的顶界高出黄河平水位达18m。它们是特大洪水在高水位滞流情况之下的悬移质沉积物,客观地记录了全新世时期黄河中游一期5次特大古洪水事件。通过分离出125—2251~m石英颗粒,应用单片再生剂量法(sAR)测得其光释光年龄值,结合地层对比及各种气候替代性指标的分析,确定这些古洪水事件发生在3200~3000a B.P.之间,处于全新世中期大暖期向全新世晚期相对干旱期转折的阶段。这对应我国历史上的商末一西周初期,季风气候状态不稳定,黄河流域既有严重地干旱,又有特大洪水事件发生。本文的研究成果为深入揭示河流水文系统对于全球变化的响应规律提供了新的可靠证据。 相似文献
2.
渭河中游全新世黄土剖面光释光测年及记录的古洪水事件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对渭河流域进行广泛的考察,在中游咸阳附近一处阶地发现保存完好的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面里夹有古洪水滞流沉积层,对其进行了年代学和沉积学研究。对于采集的全新世地层样品,进行粒度、磁化率测量分析,证明所夹沉积物是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物,该层记录了古洪水事件发生的气候水文信息。应用红外后蓝光的SAR光释光测年技术,获得该剖面9个OSL年龄值,确定渭河在距今3.2～2.8ka之间为一个洪水多发时期,并建立了渭河古洪水事件的年代序列。这一结果揭示了古洪水的频发与全新世中期向晚期过渡的转折时期,气候由温湿向干旱化发展,大气系统失稳,气候变化剧烈,降水量异常变化,变率增大,是导致渭河流域特大古洪水多发的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
OSL Dating of Holocene Loess-Paleosol Profiles in the Middle Reaches of Weihe River and Paleoflood Events 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对渭河流域进行广泛的考察,在中游咸阳附近一处阶地发现保存完好的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面里夹有古洪水滞流沉积层,对其进行了年代学和沉积学研究.对于采集的全新世地层样品,进行粒度、磁化率测量分析,证明所夹沉积物是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物,该层记录了古洪水事件发生的气候水文信息.应用红外后蓝光的SAR光释光测年技术,获得该剖面9个OSL年龄值,确定渭河在距今3.2～2.8 ka之间为一个洪水多发时期,并建立了渭河古洪水事件的年代序列.这一结果揭示了古洪水的频发与全新世中期向晚期过渡的转折时期,气候由温湿向干旱化发展,大气系统失稳,气候变化剧烈,降水量异常变化,变率增大,是导致渭河流域特大古洪水多发的主要原因. 相似文献
4.
黄河泛滥平原全新世沙尘暴活动的历史记录——以颖河上游一典型剖面为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了淮河支流颖河上游嵩山东麓一典型全新世黄土-古土壤剖面,获得了较高时间分辨率的磁化率、粒度成分和>0.063mm粒级百分比含量等环境代用指标系列。通过地层对比研究,确定了该剖面的基本年代框架。分析了颖河上游全新世黄土-土壤磁化率、粒度特征,论证了颖河上游全新世黄土-土壤物质粒度成分与黄河泛滥沉积沙尘暴活动关系,揭示了颖河上游全新世黄河泛滥平原沙尘暴活动特征。3100aBP以来气候趋于干旱,黄河下游泛滥频率增加,风沙活动范围显著扩大,沙尘暴活动强烈。 相似文献
5.
《地层学杂志》2020,(1)
在野外考察的基础上,对长江中游荆州―公安段学堂洲、文村夹和二圣洲三处1998年洪水滞流沉积物地层剖面进行了样品采集和粒度、磁化率特征分析,结果表明:1)洪水滞流沉积物中黏土成分较少,含量波动于3.38%～15.66%之间,主要成分为粉砂和砂;文村夹中、下部砂的含量较高,分别为79.9%和80.32%,其他点组分都以粉砂为主;2)各采样点不同深度层位的粒度概率累积曲线主要呈现两段式,普遍缺乏推移质组分,学堂洲下部和二圣洲中部虽呈现三段式,但推移质的含量非常小;3)洪水滞流沉积物的粒度组成不仅受形成时的水动力条件影响,还受其所处地理位置的影响,主要体现为各采样点下部层位沉积物粒径普遍大于上层,文村夹点各层沉积物粒径大于其他两个采样点;4)三个采样点洪水滞流沉积物磁化率变化范围为67.41～299.59SI,学堂洲和文村夹两处的磁化率远高于二圣洲,各采样点地层剖面下部磁化率均高于上部,同一采样点沉积物磁化率与粒度具有一定的相关性,具体表现为粒径越大,磁化率越高。 相似文献
6.
7.
关中西部漳水河全新世古洪水平流沉积地层研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在淖水河谷多个地点发现全新世古洪水平流沉积层赋存于黄土-古土壤剖面中.在杨凌河段的典型地点系统采样,通过磁化率、烧失量、碳酸钙和粒度分析,揭示了古洪水平流沉积物的基本特征,明确了其与风成黄土和古土壤之间的主要区别.通过地层对比及对平流沉积层上下的文化层考古学断代,并且结合与主流漆水河古洪水的时代对比,确定了湋水河谷两期洪水发生在4 500-4 100aB.P.,相当于龙山文化的晚期,对应我国夏代之前的特大洪水.该研究对于湋水河古洪水水位和流量的恢复有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
8.
以汉江上游谷地郧县辽瓦店典型全新世黄土-古土壤剖面为研究对象,对其粒度、磁化率、烧失量、吸湿水、Rb/Sr比值等理化指标进行分析研究.结果显示:粘粒含量、细粉砂含量、粘粒/粗粉砂比值、磁化率、烧失量、吸湿水含量和Rb/Sr比值在古土壤S0为剖面最高值,在黄土层(L0、Lt和L1)均较低,而细砂粒和粗砂粒含量在古土壤S0为剖面最低,在黄土层(L0、Lt和L1)均较高.表明古土壤S0形成时期,气候温暖湿润,降水量充沛,生物活动强烈,成壤作用较强;黄土堆积时期,气候寒冷干燥,成壤作用较弱.各指标含量曲线中古洪水滞流沉积层(slackwater deposit,简称SWD)均呈现出突变性的变化,且变化幅度甚大,说明其为气候突变事件的产物,未受到成壤改造作用和生物活动的影响,表明全新世晚期的东汉末年,在汉江上游流域曾发生过一次强烈的气候突变事件,引起了特大洪水的发生. 相似文献
9.
黄河源区玛曲段末次冰消期古洪水事件及其光释光测年研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对黄河源区玛曲段河谷开展野外考察,在太吾若(TWR)发现典型的古洪水滞流沉积剖面。根据野外沉积学宏观特征判别,并结合粒度分布、磁化率、地球化学元素和石英颗粒微形态特征等室内实验分析测定结果,准确鉴别出TWR剖面所夹一组多层洪水滞流沉积物(SWD),属典型的河流洪水在高水位滞流环境下沉积的悬移质泥沙。结果表明,TWR剖面古洪水SWD和现代洪水SWD沉积学分类为沙质粉沙,现代土壤为黏土质粉沙,现代风成沙为中沙。古洪水SWD粒度自然分布频率曲线为正偏,呈单峰,主峰高且峰值集中,分选性良好。古洪水SWD和现代洪水SWD磁化率较低,介于现代土壤和现代风成沙之间,化学元素明显区别于现代土壤和现代风成沙,表明它们尚未受到风化成壤作用影响,为古洪水悬移质快速沉积形成的滞流沉积物。石英颗粒微形态特征的分析表明,古洪水SWD和现代洪水SWD石英颗粒表面分布明显的三角痕、V形坑、撞击坑和凹面等水成沉积物的典型特征,属于河流沙类型。采用单片再生剂量法(SAR)光释光技术测年,证明在13.6~13.0 ka BP,黄河源地区经历了一期多次的大洪水事件,发生时段对应末次冰消期向全新世转折的时期,与欧洲和格陵兰冰芯记录末次冰消期中的Bolling/Aellrod暖期相对应,此时青藏高原地区冰川大规模消融,这期古洪水事件正是流域内冰融水大量下泄汇入黄河而形成的大洪水。 相似文献
10.
通过深入的考察,在渭河宝鸡峡河段发现典型的全新世古洪水滞流沉积地层剖面,并进行了古洪水沉积学和水文学研究。对于采集的序列样品,进行粒度成分、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO3含量等分析,从沉积学角度证明了剖面上覆盖在古土壤S0顶部的沉积物为典型的古洪水滞流沉积层。根据其地层结构及其与流域内其他剖面的对比,结合其所含古文化层考古学年代和OSL断代数据等,确定渭河上游在3200～3000aB.P.发生了3次特大洪水事件。利用古水文学原理恢复其水位,并且利用水位-流量关系模型,计算出古洪水洪峰流量为22560～25960m3/s。 这个结果大大延长了洪水水文数据序列,从而能够建立渭河万年尺度洪水流量-频率关系,对于防洪减灾、水能源和水资源开发具有重要的应用价值。该成果揭示出万年尺度大暴雨洪水与气候变化的关系,丰富了全球变化的区域响应理论。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献