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1.
碱熔融-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高硫铝土矿中的硫 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定高硫铝土矿(硫含量≤8%)中的硫时,由于硫存在-2、+4和+6等多种价态,常用的酸溶法和碱熔法处理高硫铝土矿时往往无法完全氧化硫而导致硫测定结果偏低。本文用过氧化钠熔融、热水浸取和盐酸酸化提取高硫铝土矿中的硫,使用基体匹配法绘制校准曲线补偿铝和钠对硫测定的光谱干扰,以S182.034 nm(184 nm)作为分析谱线,采用ICP-OES对硫进行测定。结果表明:3 g过氧化钠在700℃下熔融10 min,可以较好地氧化高硫铝土矿中的硫;校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限为0.025μg/m L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于5%;与碳硫仪的测定结果相比较,两种方法无显著性差异。本方法溶样彻底,无样品损失,为今后实现应用ICP-OES同时测定高硫铝土矿中的硫和其他元素奠定了基础。 相似文献
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在青海省民和县新民—李二堡地区进行土壤地球化学调查的基础上,通过对574个土壤样品测试分析,研究其中有机质、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硫(S)、水溶性钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)等养分指标和pH值等。结果显示,研究区主要属于碱性—强碱性土质,K富集,P中等偏富,N较贫乏,个别地区S超标。综合评价研究区,土壤养分丰富的一级和较丰富的二级土壤面积占3199%,中等级别占438%,较贫乏占2407%,贫乏地区占015%。研究结果为该区土壤改良和高效利用提供了参考。 相似文献
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基于地统计学和GIS技术的北京市大兴区礼贤镇土壤养分空间变异性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用地统计学和GIS方法,对北京市大兴区礼贤镇的表层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、全硼、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硼、有机质和pH值等参数的空间变异及分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区内有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮变异系数分别为10599%、10043%、8029%,分异性较强。经过不同趋势阶数指标插值误差的综合比较,初步确定全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾、全硼、有效硼应该选择一阶,碱解氮、有机质和pH值应该选择无趋势,而全氮则应该选择二阶。全磷、有效磷、全钾、全硼、pH值的理论模型为指数模型,速效钾、全氮、碱解氮、有效硼、有机质的理论模型为线性模型。全磷、有效磷、全钾、全硼、pH值主要受到结构性因素的影响,全氮、有效硼、有机质受到结构性因素和随机性因素的共同影响,速效钾、碱解氮主要受到随机性因素的影响。通过普通克里格插值图清晰可见,按照含量分布特点土壤中全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效硼、有机质、有效磷的空间展布相似,全钾和速效钾的空间展布相似,全硼的空间展布特点与其他指标都不相同,这与统计学分析结果具有相似性。通过了解研究区土壤中10项养分指标分布情况,对及时调整肥料用量比,实现有针对性施肥,调整农业结构以及优势农产品规划和布局提供数据支持。 相似文献
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中国主要农用矿产资源安全保障战略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要农用矿产资源(硫、磷、钾)的利用状况和安全保障程度关系国家粮食安全及人类生存发展.本文应用定性分析与定量研究相结合等方法,对硫、磷、钾农用矿产资源安全保障进行综合研究.结合全球硫、磷、钾资源供给格局和国外资源可获得性分析,从供给、需求和国家保障三个层面,提出保障我国主要农用矿产资源(硫、磷、钾)安全、合理开发利用、产业可持续发展等方面的战略与对策建议:加强找矿投入增加国内资源储量,调整产业结构,深化产品加工和综合利用以提高产品附加值,调整产品出口结构,采取投资开发和贸易并重的原则利用国外矿产资源. 相似文献
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本文在对山西支家地银多金属矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对矿区出露的火山-次火山岩(流纹斑岩、石英斑岩、花岗岩)中的锆石做了系统的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定:石英斑岩成岩年龄为135.4±0.8 Ma,流纹斑岩成岩年龄为136.2±0.6 Ma,花岗岩成岩年龄为136.2±0.7 Ma,其时代均为早白垩世,表明该区出露的火山–次火山岩属于同一期岩浆活动的产物。石英斑岩与成矿关系密切,其成岩年龄135 Ma可以近似作为支家地矿床的成矿年龄。流纹岩和石英斑岩在化学成分上表现为富硅(SiO_2=72.43%~78.48%)、高钾(K_2O/Na_2O值平均为25.17)、强过铝质(A/CNK=1.24~1.95),二者稀土元素和微量元素特征非常类似,微量元素明显富Rb、Th、K、La、Nd、Zr等、相对亏损大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr、Eu等元素,Ti含量较低,属轻稀土元素富集型的钾玄岩系列过铝质花岗岩类,花岗岩仅在P和K元素化学成分上与前2者相差比较大(石英斑岩和流纹岩富K,亏损P,而花岗岩反之)。矿区三类岩石地球化学特征显示其具后碰撞花岗岩的特征,推测其可能形成于后碰撞伸展环境。本次所获锆石U-Pb年龄,不仅丰富了研究区火山-次火山岩类的同位素年龄资料,也为建立中生代构造–岩浆–成矿事件提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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重庆丰都岩溶区植烟土壤肥力特征及综合评价研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以重庆市丰都县植烟区石灰岩土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内分析方法,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型估算出土壤适宜性指数（SFI）,进而对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明:（1）该岩溶区植烟土壤pH多呈弱酸性至中性,有23.08 %的土壤样品pH低于5.00,这些土壤酸化问题较为突出;（2）有机质和氮含量丰富,78.85 %的土样有机质含量处在植烟所需的最适宜范围（15～30 g/kg）内,全部土样的碱解氮含量均在植烟所需的适宜范围（65～100 mg/kg）内,且变异系数仅为0.92 %;（3）土壤全磷表现出中至高含量水平（＞0.6 g/kg）,但土壤有效磷供应不足,20.93 %土样有效磷含量处在缺乏水平（＜10 mg/kg）以下;（4）土壤钾元素供应充足,全钾含量全部处于丰富或极丰富水平（＞25 g/kg）,超过81.84 %土样其速效钾含量处于植烟所需的适宜范围(＞150 mg/kg)内;（5）该岩溶区土壤肥力整体水平不高,仅15.38 %土样的综合肥力为较高水平（0.70＞SFI≥0.60),57.69 %为中低等水平（0.60＞SFI≥0.40),26.93 %为低水平(SFI≤0.40),这与岩溶地区土壤贫瘠且侵蚀退化严重、施肥不合理等因素有关。为此,建议科学耕作,抑制土壤侵蚀退化,同时通过撒施生石灰等调节土壤pH,并适当提高复合肥中磷素比例。 相似文献
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露天煤矿生态地质环境系统恢复过程中,排于地表的不同年代地质层组的岩土剥离物都有可能成为复垦土壤母质。为科学合理利用矿区岩土剥离物,重构高质量复垦土壤,并指导后期分类排放,以平朔露天矿区黄土母质作为对照,评价不同类型岩土理化性状差异,从复垦土壤母质来源进行造地的源头控制,为露天煤矿土地复垦与生态修复提供依据。结合单项养分含量及有益微量元素含量分析结果,借助修正的内梅罗综合指数法,评价各岩土层肥力质量;借助单因子质量指数法,评价各岩土层环境质量。结果表明:各岩土层综合肥力系数位于0.40～1.26范围内,属贫瘠或一般水平;安家岭矿中2个煤矸石层的有机质或全氮含量、上部页岩层的全钾含量,以及东露天矿中炭质泥岩层的全磷含量丰富,显著高于黄土母质层;东露天矿底部细砂岩层及安家岭矿中泥灰岩层硫含量过高;东露天矿镉元素环境质量指数为1.05,属轻微污染等级;安家岭矿底部细砂岩层pH值低至4.25,酸度过大。平朔露天矿大多岩土层环境质量较好,但综合肥力质量较差,其中单项养分含量丰富,环境质量安全且易于风化的岩土层,适宜作为重构复垦土壤的备选材料。 相似文献
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Anomalous behavior of tellurium abundances 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bernard L. Cohen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(1):203-205
The cosmic abundance of Te is larger than for any element with atomic number greater than 40, but it is one of the least abundant elements in the earth's lithosphere and it is one of the five elements never reported in sea water. On the other hand, it is the fourth most abundant trace element in the human body (after Fe, Zn, and Rb), and is unusually abundant in human food. It is shown that the high abundance in human food combined with the low abundance in soil requires that it be picked up by plant roots very much more efficiently than any other trace element. 相似文献
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祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林土壤有机碳与化学性质的相互关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对祁连山大野口流域的青海云杉林大样地进行土壤剖面取样, 分析了样地土壤有机碳与pH值、养分和阳离子交换量等基本化学性质的变化规律及其相互关系. 结果表明: 随土层深度不断增加, 土壤有机碳含量逐渐减小, 在20～30 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05); 土壤pH值不断增大, 仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05); 土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷和阳离子交换量不断减小, 全氮含量在30～40 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05), 速效氮含量变化剧烈(P<0.05), 全磷含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 阳离子交换量与有机碳含量变化规律相同; 土壤速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量没有明显的变化规律, 速效磷和全钾含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 速效钾含量仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05). 土壤有机碳与全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量之间呈极显著和显著正相关, 与土壤pH值和全钾含量之间呈极显著和显著负相关. 土壤有机碳与其他基本化学性质的回归方程具有较高精度(R2=0.793), 影响土壤有机碳含量的主要化学因子依次为土壤阳离子交换量、速效钾和全磷含量. 相似文献
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P. Staroń Z. Kowalski A. Staroń M. Banach 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1157-1168
Recently there has been an increase in consumption of meat, especially poultry. This results in an increase in the quantity of waste, including waste feathers. Waste from the meat industry are hazardous, which must be disposed of in accordance with the law. Wastes from the meat industry normally consist of valuable elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium (macronutrients), and iron, copper, zinc, manganese (micronutrients), which after suitable processing can be used for the purposes of fertilization. The paper presents the results of thermal treatment of feathers with meat and bone meal and feathers with poultry litter in a high scale rotary kiln. Mixtures of wastes were incinerated in temperature range from 600 to 900 °C for about 20–25 min. The resulting ashes were characterized by a high content of phosphorus (4–17%), calcium (17–30%) and potassium (0.6–3.6%). The study revealed that the selection of process parameters allows for obtaining ash with controlled and desired composition of macro and micronutrients, moreover, it is safe in terms of sanitary. 相似文献
12.
灰岩样品的主要成分为碳酸钙,而镁、钾、钠、铝、钛、铁、锰的含量非常低,测试的灵敏度要求很高。该文采用一次溶矿电感耦合等离子体法直接测试灰岩中的镁、钾、钠、铝、钛、铁、锰。实验表明：在5％的盐酸介质中测试镁、钾、钠、铝、钛、铁、锰能取得很好的效果。通过测试国家标准样品,与国家标准值相比较,分析结果基本一致,准确度和精密度均令人满意,镁、钾、钠、铝、钛、铁、锰元素的相对标准偏差≤0．07％。钙元素的标准偏差≤0．15％。 相似文献
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垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液等高氨氮废水中钾钠离子浓度较高,而钾钠离子对鸟粪石结晶法回收氨的影响规律尚未了解。本文通过向人工配制不同钾钠浓度的模拟和实际RO浓缩液中投加镁盐、磷酸盐促使鸟粪石结晶,测定结晶前后溶液中氨氮、磷酸盐、钾钠离子浓度,并利用XRD、SEM分析结晶产物的结构和形貌,探讨钾钠离子对鸟粪石结晶及氨回收率的影响。结果表明,随着K~+浓度增加,氨氮回收率由96. 5%降至83. 0%,结晶产物中K~+质量分数由2. 4%升至6. 4%;鸟粪石特征衍射峰向高角度偏移,说明K~+进入鸟粪石晶格位置形成含钾鸟粪石;由于K~+与NH4+存在竞争,在相同镁、氨氮、磷配比条件下会降低氨的回收率,但K~+对鸟粪石粒径和形貌基本无影响。Na+对氨氮回收率影响不显著,但会影响鸟粪石晶体形貌。用实际垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液实验表明,在鸟粪石结晶回收氨氮的水处理中考虑到K~+的竞争,提高镁盐、氨氮与磷酸盐的投加比例为1. 8∶1∶1. 5即可保证氨氮的回收率,同时还可部分回收其中的K~+成为缓释肥营养组分。 相似文献
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Groundwater in contact with ore deposits may acquire a chemical composition that could be used as a guide for exploration. Eight well-water samples are collected from a known uranium-mineralized area near Abu Zenima, west central Sinai to examine the applicability of using the hydrogeochemical technique in the search for uranium mineralization in similar arid areas. The analytical chemical data of the ground water is compared with ground radiometric measurements. The obtained results indicate that groundwater affected by uranium mineralization has a specific relativity of major anions expressed essentially as SO4>Cl>HCO3 and to a lesser extent as Cl>SO4>HCO3, associated as a rule with low magnesium content. This association constitutes a signature of uranium mineralization on the composition of groundwater in west central Sinai and could be used as an important exploration guide in the search for uranium deposits in similar areas. Anomalies in Ni, Fe, Zn and Cr and other pathfinder elements in groundwater can furnish geochemical guides to uranium ores. The immobile trace element anomalies, including Zn, Ni and Fe are strongly distributed near the orebody; whereas the relatively mobile trace elements, including Co, U, V and Cr, constitute the dispersion haloes away from the orebody. A new hydrogeochemical discrimination diagram is constructed to be used as a quick and cost effective exploration tool in the search for uranium occurrences in environmentally similar arid areas. Based on the obtained results, a new site for uranium occurrence, west of W. Baba, is delineated and recommended for future detailed geological and geochemical surveying. 相似文献
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Masato Ueshima Takato Takemura Takeshi Saito Yoshiharu Ito Shoichiro Hamamoto Hirotaka Saito Toshiko Komatsu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(18):633
Underground developments such as subways and shopping facilities have been increasing in number and magnitude in the relatively shallow subsurface of many urban areas where the earth materials commonly are composed of marine sediments. Marine sediments can contain significant amounts of toxic trace elements such as arsenic, boron, and lead. Changes in the subsurface environment caused by excavation and construction in underground developments could potentially cause these toxic elements to be dissolved into pore water of the sediments, which might lead to groundwater pollution. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations among chemical properties of marine sediments, such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of toxic trace elements, and stratigraphic characteristics of the sediments. We selected three sites with different stratigraphic settings in the southern Kanto Plain around the Tokyo Metropolis. We collected core samples from shallow strata at a site in the Arakawa Lowland, southern Saitama, and at two sites in the Musashino Upland, Middle Tokyo. All sites have both marine and non-marine sediments up to 50–60 m in thickness. We determined trace element concentrations in the pore water, pH, EC, and loss on ignition. The results show that (1) the marine sediments tend to have low pH, high EC, and high sulfur concentration compared to the non-marine sediments (2) the concentration of most of the soluble heavy metals vary depending on the concentration of sulfate, the pH, and the formation processes of the strata, (3) the arsenic concentration is not related to sulfur concentration but apparently to Fe and Al concentrations, (4) the boron concentration is not related to any other properties implying that the boron level is independent of and cannot be predicted by common chemical properties, and (5) for all three sites, concentrations of most of the trace elements, EC, pH, and sulfate concentration were correlated with each other. This study shows that the concentration and potential mobilization of many toxic trace elements in marine sediments could be predicted by easily measurable pore water chemical properties such as pH and EC. This could be useful for predicting and avoiding the risk of groundwater pollution during underground development projects. 相似文献
16.
东北伊春地区桃山古元古代花岗岩的发现 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
伊春桃山花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钙、镁、偏铝质-过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式以轻稀土元素略微富集且缓向右倾斜、重稀土元素较为平坦、具有铕亏损的海鸥型,富集高场强元素(HFS)Zr和Ga,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素,与区域上晚二叠世-早侏罗世的正长-碱长花岗岩具有类似的岩石地球化学特征。花岗岩锆石CL图像表明,锆石具有明显的继承性核和新生的边,核部的稀土微量元素变化较大,而新生的锆石边部稀土微量元素较稳定,说明部分锆石的核部受到了后期热事件的影响,而边部则是溶解后再沉淀的产物,即岩浆结晶作用形成。但无论是核部还是边部,它们的微量元素特征都指示其形成于大陆地壳环境,而非洋壳环境。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果表明,继承性锆石核具有两组平均年龄,分别为2540±10Ma和2471±12Ma,新生的锆石边部平均年龄为1821±10Ma。结合上述特征,我们认为,桃山花岗岩的源岩年龄为2.54Ga,区域上构造热事件的年龄为2.47Ga,而花岗岩的结晶年龄为1.82Ga,因此,桃山花岗岩所在的地区可能为一前寒武纪的古老微陆块。 相似文献
17.
基于地统计学烟区土壤养分及pH值空间异质性分析——以重庆市酉阳县岩溶区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
调查了解土壤养分及pH值空间异质性特征是制定烟区土壤养分管理与施肥决策的前提。本研究基于经典统计学和地统计学方法,分析了酉阳烟区土壤表层pH值及土壤养分要素的空间异质性特征。结果表明:酉阳烟区土壤有机质含量丰富,有效磷较缺乏;土壤养分指标的变异系数在13.11%～71.46%之间,有效磷的变异系数最大,而有机质、全氮、碱解氮在土壤中比较稳定;土壤有机质和全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷呈极显著的正相关,pH值和有效磷和速效钾呈极显著的负相关;有机质、全氮、全磷及速效钾的变异函数曲线理论模型符合指数模型,而pH值和碱解氮则与球状模型拟合较好;全氮、碱解氮、全磷及有效磷表现出中等空间相关性,而有机质、全钾及速效钾的空间相关性表现较弱;分维数大小表现为:全钾的分维数最大,pH值、速效钾、有机质其次,全氮、碱解氮最少;土壤养分及pH值空间分布在东西和南北方向具有显著性差异,且在东西方向上的变异要高于南北方向。酉阳烟区土壤养分空间相关性不强,说明地形、施肥及耕作等随机性因素能够显著影响烟区土壤养分空间异质性。 相似文献
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19.
E. Sobiecka 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(6):1219-1224
Portland cement has been suggested as an effective stabilization (physico-chemical) method for hazardous waste. This research explored the immobilization of metals in various mixtures of Portland cement and fly ash waste sampled from coal power plant in the province of Lodz, central Poland. The stabilization of fly ash in Portland cement was investigated under a wide range of pH conditions (3–12). Leachability tests were used to determine the efficiency of the encapsulation by studying the dissolution of alkaline metals (sodium, potassium) and alkaline earth metals (calcium, magnesium). The lowest value of leached metals was obtained for ratio of ash to cement of 1:10 in a case of sodium and calcium, while ratio 1.5 gave the lowest leached effects for potassium and magnesium. The high effectiveness of solidification/stabilization process was gained in high pH values (9–11). 相似文献
20.
浙江“萧山萝卜干”肉质鲜美、产量高、抗逆性强,易于种植和加工。这些优良品质除了与品种有关外,还与其产地的土壤地质和地球化学背景密切相关。与浙江平原土壤元素平均值对比,产地的MgO、B、P、CaO、Mn含量较高,N、K、Mo、Fe、Zn含量较低;从该区土壤养分和微量元素有效态分析结果来看,碱解氮、Fe、Mn、Cu含量丰富,速效磷、有机质和Zn含量一般。由于产地土壤成熟度不高,加上该区复种指数高等问题,造成土壤N、K流失和B、Mo缺乏,影响和制约了萝卜产量和质量。建议及时追加微肥和有机肥,做到科学养地。 相似文献