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加卸载响应比理论用于矿震预测的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
加卸载响应比(LURR)理论是一种前景很好的中期地震预测方法,通常在强烈地震发生前的数月至1～2年LURR出现高值,因而LURR可以作为强烈天然地震的前兆,用此方法曾经成功地预测过Northridge地震(1994年1月17日,M6.7,美国加州),Kanto地震(1996年9月11日,M6.6,日本)及不少发生在中国的天然地震。用房山煤矿1992年8月至1993年7月的微震资料,计算了全年内7组M>2.1矿震前的加卸载响应比Y值,其中5组矿震前Y值均明显大于1(Y≥2.9)。以上结果表明,加卸载响应比理论有可能用于矿震的预测。 相似文献
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水库地震主震前加卸载响应比的变化特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文将加卸载响应比理论用于水库地震的预测，分析研究了新丰江、丹江口、参窝以及佛子岭等水库地震主震前加卸载响应比Ｙ随时间的变化。结果表明，水库地震前加卸载响应比Ｙ明显升高。 相似文献
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在系统整理和分析已有的预测方法的基础上,根据预测方法的特点将其归为定性预测、定量预测和基于监测的预测法三大类。详细介绍了震级上限法、经验类比法、高震级b值与低震级b值之比预测法、加卸载响应比法、概率预测法、模糊综合评判法和综合影响参数法,并对其优点、存在的问题和发展方向进行了讨论。认为由于目前对水库诱发地震机理认识的不足,水库诱发地震问题的复杂多样性及震例的有限性,当前的预测方法均未能较好地对水库诱发地震的实际情况进行合理的评估,应加强从水库诱震机理的角度对预测方法进行研究分析,在实际应用时应考虑水库的实际情况,结合多种预测方法,并基于水库监测数据的综合分析进行预测。 相似文献
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我国防震减灾工作中的地震应急信息系统建设 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文描述了我国地震应急快速响应信息系统建设的有关内容,包括系统的目标、总体框架、内容和工作流程。该系统以全国地震计算机网络系统为支撑环境,以ＧＩＳ软件为应用开发平台,可以实现对破坏性地震的短临预测信息跟踪与处理,对大震速报信息进行快速响应,并可进行灾害损失快速评估、震后地震活动趋势判断、防震减灾应急对策信息服务、应急指挥综合信息显示等。该系统作为中国地震局“九五”重点项目正在建设之中。 相似文献
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地震短期预测的概率方法浅议 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
和天气预报相比,地震预测,特别是地震的短临预测更为困难。概率方法真实地反映了地震发生的随机性,真实地反映了人类对于地震认识的局限性,加快短期预测的概率方法研究与应用是十分必要的。概率预测是经验预测、统计预测和物理预测的综合,各类地震预测方法特别是物理预测方法的发展还很不充分,目前仍处于探索阶段。从目前我国地震预测的现状来看,应大力发展统计预测方法。地震目录可为我们提供对背景地震发生率的估计,而前兆的出现使我们可以得到地震发生率大大高于背景发生率的时段,其增益越强,时段越短,越接近于理想预测。前兆和地震之间的关系的统计检验对于概率预测起着十分重要的作用。该文提出,应按实用化的要求逐步规范各种地震预测方法。这对地震预测研究的健康发展是至关重要的。 相似文献
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从经验性预报向以物理为基础的概率预报过渡的若干问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前言 地震预报是一个既古老又年轻的课题。早在二千七百多年前我国就开始有地震记载。公元132年,东汉张衡发明了世界上最早的地震仪——候风地动仪。但是,世界性的比较科学的地震预报研究大体上从本世纪六十年代开始。日本从1965年开始执行第一个地震预报五年计划。苏联虽自1948年阿什哈巴德地震之后就提出地震预报,但是,在地震学、地球物理和地球化学等方面探索前兆,真正取得进展也始于六十年代末。我国有计划大规模开展地震预报从1966年邢台地震现场开始。美国地震预报起步稍晚,但进展很快。 二十多年的观测、研究和预报实践推动了地震预报事业的发展。地震预报已从束手无策的 相似文献
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地震储层预测方法研究进展 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23
本文重点介绍地震储层预测方法中的油气预测，岩性预测，储层厚度预测及孔隙度预测等内容，简述提高地震储层预测精度的途径之一－特征优化方法，并指出了今后地震储层预测方法研究的方向。 相似文献
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E. Nakakita S. Ikebuchi M. Shiiba T. Takasao 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1990,4(2):135-150
A computational method for the determination of rainfall distribution for applications in short term rainfall prediction is presented here. The method is strongly influenced by the experience gained from the observation and analysis of data gathered on a heavy rainfall event in 1986 that occurred during the Baiu Season in Japan. The method is based on the concept that rainfall occurs as an interaction between an instability field, appropriately modeled, and a field of water vapor under the influence of topography. The results from this computational method showed good agreement with the temporal variation in the rainband that moved across the observation field in 1986. Towards determination of the parameters in the computational model, another method for the determination of the rainfield is also developed. This second method determines the rainfall distribution from estimation of the conversion rate of water vapor to liquid water through use of data from a three dimensional scanning radar. The results are consistent with those obtained from the first method. 相似文献
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A computational method for the determination of rainfall distribution for applications in short term rainfall prediction is presented here. The method is strongly influenced by the experience gained from the observation and analysis of data gathered on a heavy rainfall event in 1986 that occurred during the Baiu Season in Japan. The method is based on the concept that rainfall occurs as an interaction between an instability field, appropriately modeled, and a field of water vapor under the influence of topography. The results from this computational method showed good agreement with the temporal variation in the rainband that moved across the observation field in 1986. Towards determination of the parameters in the computational model, another method for the determination of the rainfield is also developed. This second method determines the rainfall distribution from estimation of the conversion rate of water vapor to liquid water through use of data from a three dimensional scanning radar. The results are consistent with those obtained from the first method. 相似文献
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本文以“八五”地震短临预报攻关一级课题８５—０４—０１为基础，综述了近年地震学短期预报指标和方法研究的新进展。 相似文献
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本文对川西地震重点监视防御区近年年度（中期）地震趋势的预报进行了跟踪分析和预测依据的审视，同时对监测预报方法的局限和预报思路的拓展问题进行了思考。 相似文献
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Ensemble flood forecasting: A review 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Operational medium range flood forecasting systems are increasingly moving towards the adoption of ensembles of numerical weather predictions (NWP), known as ensemble prediction systems (EPS), to drive their predictions. We review the scientific drivers of this shift towards such ‘ensemble flood forecasting’ and discuss several of the questions surrounding best practice in using EPS in flood forecasting systems. We also review the literature evidence of the ‘added value’ of flood forecasts based on EPS and point to remaining key challenges in using EPS successfully. 相似文献
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Strategy and methodology of dynamical analogue prediction 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In order to effectively improve numerical prediction level by using current models and data, the strategy and methodology of dynamical analogue prediction (DAP) is deeply studied in the present paper. A new idea to predict the prediction errors of dynamical model on the basis of historical analogue information is put forward so as to transform the dynamical prediction problem into the estimation problem of prediction errors. In terms of such an idea, a new prediction method of final analogue correction of errors (FACE) is developed. Furthermore, the FACE is applied to extra-seasonal prediction experiments on an operational atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model. Prediction results of summer mean circulation and total precipitation show that the FACE can to some extent reduce prediction errors, recover prediction variances, and improve prediction skills. Besides, sensitive experiments also show that predictions based on the FACE are evidently influenced by the number of analogues, analogue-selected variables and analogy metric. 相似文献