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1.
We present new in situ observations of systematic asymmetry in the pattern of damage expressed by fault zone rocks along sections of the San Andreas,
San Jacinto, and Punchbowl faults in southern California. The observed structural asymmetry has consistent manifestations
at a fault core scale of millimeters to meters, a fault zone scale of meters to tens of meters and related geomorphologic
features. The observed asymmetric signals are in agreement with other geological and geophysical observations of structural
asymmetry in a damage zone scale of tens to hundreds of meters. In all of those scales, more damage is found on the side of
the fault with faster seismic velocities at seismogenic depths. The observed correlation between the damage asymmetry and
local seismic velocity structure is compatible with theoretical predictions associated with preferred propagation direction
of earthquake ruptures along faults that separate different crustal blocks. The data are consistent with a preferred northwestward
propagation direction for ruptures on all three faults. If our results are supported by additional observations, asymmetry
of structural properties determined in field studies can be utilized to infer preferred propagation direction of large earthquake
ruptures along a given fault section. The property of a preferred rupture direction can explain anomalous behavior of historic
rupture events, and may have profound implications for many aspects of earthquake physics on large faults. 相似文献
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北京时间2022年1月8日,青海省门源县发生了MS6.9地震,震中位于冷龙岭断裂西端与托莱山断裂过渡区。地震发生后,文章利用亚米级分辨率的高分7号卫星影像对本次地震产生的地震破裂带进行详细解译,并与野外调查结果进行对比,获得此次地震地表破裂带分布及组合特征。结果显示,此次地震形成两条破裂带,长度分别约21 km和5 km,分别沿冷龙岭断裂西段和托莱山断裂东段展布。地震破裂带由一系列雁列式地震裂缝、挤压鼓包及拉张凹陷组成,破裂带组合特征反映出发震断裂明显的左旋走滑特征,但利用影像并未识别出同震位错等定量数据。在此基础上,文章对比冷龙岭断裂东段存在的历史地震破裂带,讨论了冷龙岭断裂未来地震危险性问题。 相似文献
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2015年4 月25 日尼泊尔MW7.8特大地震发生在喜马拉雅山南麓, 震源机制解表明该地震为低角度逆冲型地震.通过收集地震区的活动构造研究资料、卫星影像解释和野外实地考察,认为尼泊尔MW7.8地震区地表分布三条主要的逆冲断裂,由北向南分别为喜马拉雅主中央断裂(MCT)、喜马拉雅主边界断裂(MBT)和喜马拉雅主前缘断裂(MFT).主边界断裂和主前缘断裂为晚更新世以来的活动断裂,但至今为止也没有发现喜马拉雅主中央断裂晚第四纪活动的依据.野外调查未发现尼泊尔MW7.8地震在喜马拉雅山南麓的主要断裂上形成地震地表破裂带.喜马拉雅山南麓的构造特征为薄皮构造,表现为浅部陡倾断坡-深部缓倾断坪(7°左右)-深部断坡(11°左右)的构造样式.深部断坡-断坪又称为主喜马拉雅断裂(MHT),其中的深部断坡是尼泊尔地震主震(MW7.8)和最大余震(MW7.3)的发震构造.余震大致沿北西向的高喜马拉雅山前缘呈条带状分布,主要分布在低喜马拉雅山区内.剖面上,余震大致分布在主喜马拉雅断裂的上盘推覆体内,推测尼泊尔MW7.8地震时深部断坡发生错动,其地震位移沿深部断坡-断坪向南传播引起上盘的褶皱带缩短变形,进而触发低喜马拉雅和次喜马拉雅褶皱带内产生次级破裂从而产生余震. 相似文献
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2017年8月8日在青藏高原东缘四川省九寨沟县发生M7.0级强烈地震，极震区烈度达Ⅸ度，但无明显地表破裂，一定程度上限制了发震构造的确定和后续地震危险性判定.本文基于截止至2017年8月14日的地震资料，采用多阶段定位方法，对主震及余震进行了重新定位，同时，利用CAP波形反演方法，获得了M7.0主震与13次ML ≥ 4.0级余震的震源机制解和震源矩心深度，进而初步分析了本次地震的发震构造.结果显示，九寨沟M7.0地震的矩震级MW6.4，震源矩心深度5 km，表明主震发生在上地壳浅部，与2003年伊朗巴姆（Bam）MW6.5地震特征极为相似；12次ML ≥ 4.0级余震的震源矩心深度6~12 km，显示这些余震发生在主震下部，仅1次例外.重新定位后的余震震中呈NW-SE向窄带展布，位于近NS向的岷江断裂与近EW向的东昆仑断裂带东端分支塔藏断裂所夹持的区域，余震带长轴长约38 km，主震位于余震带中部.根据余震震中分布、主震及余震震源机制解等，推测本次九寨沟M7.0地震及其余震的主发震构造为位于岷江断裂与塔藏断裂之间的树正断裂.震源机制解揭示，树正断裂呈左旋走滑，走向约152°，近SE，倾向SW，倾角约70°，该断裂应属于东昆仑断裂东端的分支断裂之一，或与东南侧的虎牙断裂构成统一断裂系. 相似文献
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地震地表破裂基本参数是反演地震破裂过程的基本约束条件和预测其他活动断层地震危险性不可缺少的物理量.以野外地表破裂带重要观测点全站仪或差分GPS仪实测数据为基础,结合高分辨率遥感资料解译、先存断层陡坎构造地貌标志的识别、以及地形测绘资料的考证等,重新论证了5·12汶川地震地表破裂带展布样式、长度、最大同震位移值等基本参数.结果表明,地震地表破裂带长度可达240 km,最大垂直位移为6.5±0.5 m,最大右旋走滑位移4.9 m,基于倾角向下变缓逆断层模型推测汶川地震在龙门山推覆构造带中段产生了最大~7 m的地壳缩短量,说明青藏高原东缘横向逆断层为将高原内部东向水平运动转换为高原隆升的转换构造,这一研究结果有助于深化认识青藏高原东缘隆升机理. 相似文献
6.
A strong earthquake with magnitude MS6.2 hit Hutubi, Xinjiang at 13:15:03 on December 8th, 2016(Beijing Time). In order to better understand its mechanism, we performed centroid moment tensor inversion using the broadband waveform data recorded at stations from the Xinjiang regional seismic network by employing gCAP method. The best double couple solution of the MS6.2 mainshock on December 8th, 2016 estimated from local and near-regional waveforms is strike:271°, dip:64ånd rake:90° for nodal plane I, and strike:91°, dip:26ånd rake:90°for nodal plane Ⅱ; the centroid depth is about 21km and the moment magnitude(MW)is 5.9. ISO, CLVD and DC, the full moment tensor, of the earthquake accounted for 0.049%, 0.156% and 99.795%, respectively. The share of non-double couple component is merely 0.205%. This indicates that the earthquake is of double-couple fault mode, a typical tectonic earthquake featuring a thrust-type earthquake of squeezing property.The double difference(HypoDD)technique provided good opportunities for a comparative study of spatio-temporal properties and evolution of the aftershock sequences, and the earthquake relocation was done using HypoDD method. 486 aftershocks are relocated accurately and 327 events are obtained, whose residual of the RMS is 0.19, and the standard deviations along the direction of longitude, latitude and depth are 0.57km, 0.6km and 1.07km respectively. The result reveals that the aftershocks sequence is mainly distributed along the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, extending about 35km to the NWW direction as a whole; the focal depths are above 20km for most of earthquakes, while the main shock and the biggest aftershock are deeper than others. The depth profile shows a relatively steep dip angle of the seismogenic fault plane, and the aftershocks dipping northward. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution features of the aftershocks, it is considered that the seismogenic fault plane may be the nodal plane I and the dip angle is about 271°. The structure of the Hutubi earthquake area is extremely complicated. The existing geological structure research results show that the combination zone between the northern Tianshan and the Junggar Basin presents typical intracontinental active tectonic features. There are numerous thrust fold structures, which are characterized by anticlines and reverse faults parallel to the mountains formed during the multi-stage Cenozoic period. The structural deformation shows the deformation characteristics of longitudinal zoning, lateral segmentation and vertical stratification. The ground geological survey and the tectonic interpretation of the seismic data show that the recoil faults are developed near the source area of the Hutubi earthquake, and the recoil faults related to the anticline are all blind thrust faults. The deep reflection seismic profile shows that there are several listric reverse faults dipping southward near the study area, corresponding to the active hidden reverse faults; At the leading edge of the nappe, there are complex fault and fold structures, which, in this area, are the compressional triangular zone, tilted structure and northward bedding backthrust formation. Integrating with geological survey and seismic deep soundings, the seismogenic fault of the MS6.2 earthquake is classified as a typical blind reverse fault with the opposite direction close to the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, which is caused by the fact that the main fault is reversed by a strong push to the front during the process of thrust slip. Moreover, the Manas earthquake in 1906 also occurred near the southern marginal fault in Junggar, and the seismogenic mechanism was a blind fault. This suggests that there are some hidden thrust fault systems in the piedmont area of the northern Tianshan Mountains. These faults are controlled by active faults in the deep and contain multiple sets of active faults. 相似文献
7.
力学上,地震可以看作在应力场作用下由于断层带介质的突然损伤或软化导致的断层带失稳事件.本文基于这个地震动力学模型,利用一种可以模拟断层大位错的有限元方法,研究了2011年MW9.0东日本大地震(Tohoku-Oki)的动力学破裂过程.比较了无障碍体和具有不同刚度障碍体的断层带模型产生的断层位移、位错和应力降.主要结果表明,障碍体的存在并不明显地改变障碍体区域的初始构造应力场.对有障碍体情形,准静态结果显示断层上盘最大逆冲位移和最大剪切位错分别为51m和58m,均发生在海底表面海沟处,与无障碍体的结果(最大剪切位错约55m)相比差别不大;下盘最大倾向位移(-10m)并不与上盘最大值出现在同一位置,而是在障碍体处.障碍体处剪应力降(约11 MPa)大于周围非障碍体区域.障碍体处正应力降的最大值约为3 MPa.模拟结果似乎不支持海山是导致本次地震异乎寻常大位错的原因,而倾向于断层带剪切刚度在地震过程中极度损伤或软化. 相似文献
8.
应用浅层地震勘探法对宁夏吴忠地区北部的浅部地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行研究。结果表明,该区存在2条隐伏断裂,分别为银川主断层南段和新华桥断层。推测银川主断层南段为近SN走向的W倾正断层,断层下盘地层界面一般呈近水平状展布,而在断层上盘,T_Q及其以下的地层界面向断面方向倾伏并显示出逆牵引现象,断层向上错断了第四系内部。钻孔联合地质剖面及浅层地震探测结果共同揭示新华桥断层为一条走向NE,倾向SW的正断层,深、浅地震测线控制的新华桥断层延伸长度9 km左右,向上错断了第四系内部的T_(02)界面。 相似文献
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根据龙门山断裂带地区的主要构造特征,建立该地区的有限元模型,同时考虑地下深处的黏弹性蠕动和不同部位间的接触关系,模拟计算了研究区在强震轮回活动中的时间演化历程.模拟结果表明:龙门山断裂带深处的滑动速率比浅表的滑动速率大,龙门山断裂带周围是相对容易发生应变积累的地区,其5~19km深度也是高应力聚集成核区,随时间推移的应力集中程度加剧而引发强震.本模拟分析证实了重复地震观测所揭示的龙门山断裂带存在深浅活动速率差异的现象,这在一定程度上可以解释出乎预料的汶川MW7.9地震的孕育机理.综合分析研究提出:应充分利用重复地震这一天然的"地下蠕变计(subsurface creepmeter)"来探测深部构造变形的活动,为强震危险性分析提供必要的"原位(in situ)观测"约束信息. 相似文献
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The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault (FHF)is one of the most active faults of the northern Qilian thrust fault zone. The 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake occurred on the east segment of the FHF, an area with a complex geometry at the Mayinghe River site. The seismogenic pattern of this earthquake revealed by complex surface ruptures remains unclear. In this paper, we focus on active tectonic deformation around the Hujiatai anticline (HA)in the Mayinghe River site. Combining with topographic survey via dGPS across deformed terraces and alluvial fans, a field survey of the geological section across the HA, the characteristics of the active fold and several sub-faults were constrained. Meanwhile, combined with the seismic reflection profiles passing through the anticline, the correspondence relationship between surface expressions of this tectonic and the deep structure was discussed. According to our research, the HA is a result of northward propagation of the range-front thrust fault F1. At the same time, a thrust fault F2 with dextral strike-slip motion and a thrust fault F4 were formed on the east side and north side of the HA, respectively. These two active faults accommodated local deformation. Trench results and 14C dating reveal that the 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake ruptured the T1 terrace in the Huangcaoba site. Combined with previous field investigations and literature about the 1609 Hongyazi earthquake, we suggest that this earthquake occurred on the range-front fault F1, and the depth of the hypocenter may be about 8~22km. 相似文献
13.
为了建立适用于华北地区地震活断层的地震震级-震源破裂尺度经验关系,从1965年以来华北发生的地震中,系统整理出已由地震波谱、地形变、余震分布等方法获得和发表的震源破裂尺度参数,包括破裂长度L、破裂下倾宽度W以及破裂面积A(A=L×W),同时还基于余震分布重新确定出部分地震的破裂尺度参数。针对来源于不同方法的破裂尺度参数的不确定性及其主要影响因素,提出通过进一步分析和鉴别来确定出可靠参数的8条原则。依据这些原则的综合分析,共获得34次地震的可靠破裂长度以及其中20次的破裂面积。震源机制解反映这些地震破裂以走滑型占绝大多数。我们进一步采用最小二乘法,分别建立起华北地区的面波震级MS-破裂长度L的回归关系式MS=3·821+1·860lg(L)以及面波震级MS-断层破裂面积A的回归关系式MS=4·134+0·954lg(A)。与已有同类关系式的比较分析表明:文中新建的2个关系式可较好地适用于华北以及首都圈地区的走滑型地震活断层的潜在地震强度评价 相似文献
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芦山地震发生在龙门山断裂带前缘.关于芦山地震的发震断层,有的认为是前山断裂——双石—大川断裂,有的认为是山前断裂——大邑断裂拟或其他隐伏断裂,发震断裂究竟是哪条断裂以及芦山地震是不是汶川地震的余震?目前仍存在较大争议.震后穿过芦山地震区完成了一条长近40km的深地震反射剖面,以确定芦山地震的发震构造.反射剖面显示浅部褶皱和断裂构造发育,在上地壳存在6条逆冲断裂,下地壳存在一条非常明显的变形转换带,在深度16km左右还存在一个滑脱层,浅部的6条断裂最终都归并到该滑脱层上.参考主余震精定位结果,芦山地震的发震断裂应该是位于双石—大川断裂和大邑断裂之间的隐伏断裂F4,F2和F3断裂受控于发震断裂而活动,形成剖面上"Y"字型余震分布现象.隐伏断裂F4属山前断裂,不是前山断裂,因此芦山地震不是汶川地震的余震. 相似文献
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以NGA-West2强震数据库中的243组脉冲型地震记录为数据基础,按照我国场地分类标准对其进行分类,探讨场地条件、断层类型及断层距等对最强脉冲方向分量脉冲周期(TP)随震级(MW)变化规律的影响。结果表明:(1)最强脉冲方向分量与垂直断层走向分量的TP具有强线性相关性,场地条件对二者周期相关性的影响不大;(2)场地土层的剪切波速越大,TP随MW增大的速率越快;(3)Ⅲ类场地的TP值大于Ⅰ,Ⅱ类场地;(4)最强脉冲方向分量TP随MW的增大速率要快于垂直或平行断层走向分量;(5)在Ⅰ,Ⅱ类场地条件下,非走滑断层的TP随MW的增大速率快于走滑断层,这一规律在Ⅲ类场地条件下正好相反;(6)3类场地非近断层区域的TP随MW的增大速率快于近断层区域。建议在使用脉冲周期与震级关系的统计模型时应考虑场地条件、断层类型、断层距及不同国家场地分类标准差异性的影响。 相似文献
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LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL SEGMENT OF THE DARI FAULT AND RESTUDY OF THE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1947 M73/4 DARI EARTHQUAKE,QINGHAI PROVINCE 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bayan Hara Block is one of the most representative active blocks resulting from the lateral extrusion of Tibet Plateau since the Cenozoic. Its southern and northern boundary faults are characterized by typical strike-slip shear deformation. Its eastern boundary is blocked by the Yangze block and its horizontal movement is transformed into the vertical movement of the Longmen Shan tectonic belt, leading to the uplift of the Longmen Shan Mountains and forming a grand geomorphic barrier on the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. A series of large earthquakes occurred along the boundary faults of the Bayan Hara Block in the past twenty years, which have attracted attention of many scholars. At present, the related studies of active tectonics on Bayan Hara Block are mainly concentrated on the boundary faults, such as Yushu-Ganzi-Xianshuihe Fault, East Kunlun Fault and Longmen Shan Fault. However, there are also some large faults inside the block, which not only have late Quaternary activity, but also have tectonic conditions to produce strong earthquake. These faults divide the Bayan Hara Block into some secondary blocks, and may play important roles in the kinematics and dynamics mechanism of the Bayan Hara Block, or even the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. The Dari Fault is one of the left-lateral strike-slip faults in the Bayan Hara Block. The Dari Fault starts at the eastern pass of the Kunlun Mountains, extends eastward through the south of Yalazela, Yeniugou and Keshoutan, the fault strike turns to NNE direction at Angcanggou, then turns to NE direction again at Moba town, Qinghai Province, and the fault ends near Nanmuda town, Sichuan Province, with a total length of more than 500km. The fault has been considered to be a late Quaternary active fault and the 1947 M73/4 Dari earthquake was produced by its middle segment. But studies on the late Quaternary activity of the Dari Fault are still weak. The previous research mainly focused on the investigation of the surface rupture and damages of the 1947 M73/4 Dari earthquake. However, there were different opinions about the scale of the M73/4 earthquake surface rupture zone. Dai Hua-guang(1983)thought that the surface rupture of the earthquake was about 150km long, but Qinghai Earthquake Agency(1984) believed that the length of surface rupture zone was only 58km. Based on interpretation of high-resolution images and field investigations, in this paper, we studied the late Quaternary activity of the Dari Fault and the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake. Late Quaternary activity in the central segment of the Dari Fault is particularly significant. A series of linear tectonic landforms, such as fault trough valley, fault scarps, fault springs and gully offsets, etc. are developed along the Dari Fault. And the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake is still relatively well preserved. We conducted a follow-up field investigation for the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake and found that the surface rupture related to the Dari earthquake starts at Longgen village in Moba town, and ends near the northwest of the Yilonggounao in Jianshe town, with a length of about 70km. The surface rupture is primarily characterized by scarps, compressional ridges, pull-apart basins, landslides, cleavage, and the coseismic offset is about 2~4m determined by a series of offset gullies. The surface rupture zone extends to the northwest of Yilonggounao and becomes ambiguous. It is mainly characterized by a series of linear fault springs along the surface rupture zone. Therefore, we suggest that the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake ends at the northwest of Yilonggounao. In summary, the central segment of the Dari Fault can be characterized by strong late Quaternary activity, and the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake is about 70km long. 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On October 17, 2014, a MS6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo MS6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with ML ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature. 相似文献
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帕米尔高原位于地中海－喜马拉雅地震带上，晚新生代以来随着印度板块向欧亚板块持续不断地挤压汇聚，其构造运动是欧亚大陆最强烈的地区。高原腹地发育一系列近SN向正断层，包括近SN向的塔什库尔干正断层所处的帕米尔中部现代区域的构造应力场以EW向水平拉张为主。2016年11月25日发生的阿克陶MS 6.7级地震的发震构造为塔什库尔干断层分支的NWW向木吉盆地北缘断层，其具有右旋走滑兼正断性质。地震在震中附近产生同震地表形变带，全长约1km，呈近SN－NNE向水平拉伸，发育近EW—NWW向的张裂缝，为地震破裂的产物，张裂缝的最大水平拉伸位移量和最大垂直位移量分别为46cm和16cm。地表破裂带中的NE和NW向张剪裂缝只是连接贯通这些雁列的张裂缝，其水平相对位移量取决于张裂缝的水平拉伸量和张裂缝之间的几何关系。地表形变带表现的拉张性质与帕米尔高原腹地区域现代应力场最大主压应力为垂直向基本一致，可能与深部热物质上涌造成的上地壳拉伸有关。而地表形变带呈近SN向水平拉张，与区域近EW向拉张应力场之间存在显著差异，这可能是木吉盆地北缘右旋走滑正断层阶区局部应力场调整的结果。 相似文献
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2008年5.12汶川大地震发生在中国大陆南北地震带中段.由于龙门山断裂带历史上只发生过3次6～61/2级强震,而且其晚第四纪构造活动速率很低,以至于对其潜在地震危险性认识不足.为什么在龙门山地区突发大地震,该地震具有哪些特征？其成因机制是什么？本文在地震地质科学考察的基础上,利用震前的GPS观测结果,试图对上述问题进行一些初步的思考和探讨.结果表明,5.12汶川大地震是龙门山断裂带的映秀—北川断裂突发错动的结果,地表上形成200多公里长的地表破裂带;灌县—江油断裂在地震中也发生了破裂,形成的地表破裂带长达60多公里.震前的GPS观测表明,横跨整个龙门山断裂带的滑动速率不超过～2 mm/yr,单条断裂的活动速率不超过～1 mm/yr,与地震地质研究结果和历史地震记录相一致.利用地震地质考察和地震波反演得到的最大同震位移可以获得相当于5.12汶川大地震的强震复发周期为2000～6000年.龙门山断裂带发育在破裂强度很大的变质杂岩体中,断裂带本身在剖面上呈“犁形”或“铲形”结构,有利于能量积累,形成破坏性巨大的地震.所以,5.12汶川大地震是一次低滑动速率、长复发周期和高破坏强度的巨大地震,是一种值得高度重视和深入研究的新的地震类型. 相似文献
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2019年7月4—6日位于美国南加州城市Ridgecrest附近地区,在不足两天的时间内接连发生了一系列地震,其中包括震级达M W6.4和M W7.1的强震.震后两天对震中区产生的地表破裂进行了实地地质调查和测量,发现两次地震分别产生了NW方向长度50 km和NE方向长度10 km的两条破裂带.根据野外调查,NW方向的地表破裂表现出右旋走滑特征,是M W7.1地震产生的破裂带,而NE方向的地表破裂表现为左旋走滑性质,是M W6.4地震产生的破裂带.地表破裂野外调查和地震序列统计分析表明,NW方向是本次地震序列的主要破裂带,释放了本次地震的大部分地震矩.通过发震的时序关系和地震序列密集条带分布推断,本次地震是NE和NW两个方向应力作用下,两条共轭断层先后破裂产生的一组复杂共轭地震,推测M W6.4地震是一次强烈前震,促进了震级更大的M W7.1主震发生. 相似文献