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1.
Evolution of the Yangtze River in East Asia is closely linked to the evolving topography following India-Eurasia collision and plays an important role in connecting the Tibetan plateau and the marginal sea, which is of great significance for understanding the evolution of modern Asian landform pattern and exploring the response of river development to tectonic uplift and monsoon evolution. Thus, many methods have been performed to reconstruct the evolution history of the Yangtze River, but there are still some disputes about the age of the Yangtze River, which has been strongly debated for over a century with estimates ranging from late Cretaceous to late Pleistocene. At present, sediment provenance tracing is one of the most important methods for studying the Yangtze River drainage evolution, for the provenance tracers could effectively represent the source area information and the various dating methods would provide reliable chronology framework. Previous studies showed that the zircon high closure temperature, wide distribution in fluvial sediment, and convenient sampling and analyzing made the zircon U-Pb dating a unique indicator recording the source area information. However, the Yangtze River drains a large basin and runs through different geological blocks with complicated lithology, as well as the abundant thermal historical events, leading to the zircon U-Pb dating a challenge work in tracing the sediment source within the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, based on the combination of previous research data and the "source to sink" system, the limitations and disadvantages of the detrital zircon U-Pb dating in the studies of sediment provenance tracing of the Yangtze River Basin were re-analyzed and re-discussed. Considering the evolving process of the large river system, some key areas and diagnostic information carrier, including bedrock and fluvial sediments deposited in present day or geo-history, would provide significant constraints on the evolution process. The former records the original information of the source region, and the latter reserves the practical information preserved in the downstream sink. As for the Yangtze River Basin, the limitation and disadvantages of the detrital zircon U-Pb dating in tracing sediment provenance are showed as follows:Firstly, six major tectonic units in the source region shows four similar age peaks, which closely corresponds to the previously identified synchronous major granitoid magmatic episodes. Five similar age peaks obviously exist in the sediment of the downstream sink both in the modern fluvial sediment and the geo-historical deposits such as outcrops and basin sediments. Thus, detrital zircon U-Pb chronology is indistinguishable from source to sink, making it unreliable in provenance tracing of the Yangtze River. Secondly, comparing with the detrital zircon spectra of tributary downstream and the upper reaches, all the tributaries below the Three Gores, the running-through of which is regarded as the symbol of the establishment of the modern Yangtze River system, could make up the similar spectra with the modern river sediments. Moreover, Sichuan Basin and Jianghan Basin, which is the last basin and first basin in western and eastern of the Three Gorges, are crucial basins for recording the incision information. However, sediment in these two basins show the similar spectra with five major age peaks from early Jurassic to late Cretaceous, which means the detrital zircon U-Pb chronology could not efficiently record the capture information no matter in spatial scale or time scale. In addition, the same results are also shown in Neogene gravel layer both in Jianghan Basin and Nanjing area. In summary, we propose that the similarity of the detrital zircon age spectra exists widely in Yangtze River system, and this greatly restricts the application of detrital zircon chronology in provenance tracing in the Yangtze River Basin, and the combination of multi-index and multi-method will shed new light in the future studies of provenance tracing within Yangtze River drainage system.  相似文献   

2.
The large river systems are the major transfer of continental masses to the ocean and basin, playing significant roles in global geochemical cycles. The Tibetan plateau is the birthplace of many huge rivers flowing through eastern and southern Asia, in which the fluvial deposits kept not only closely relate to the geological evolution information from the source areas, but also record the river itself building process. The low-temperature thermochronology method of detrital minerals (zircon and apatite, etc.) can be used to constrain the river's source areas, establishing its source-sink system. It can also combine regional tectonic deformation analysis to determine the potential source region of the river and the formation time of the plateau geomorphology, which is a focused issue in recent years. In this study, we have summarized the research results from the large rivers in the Tibetan plateau in recent years, suggesting that the low-temperature thermochronology analysis of the detrital minerals should be focused on the river's key locations in the upstream, midstream and downstream, respectively, combining the small tributaries analysis which can give a more detailed thermal evolution history in the whole drainage basin. On the conditions of the bedrock, it is shown that in the same river's different place we should use the same low-temperature thermochronology, while in different river's places we should take several low-temperature thermochronology methods (apatite and zircon, etc.)at a same position, so we get a complete time series related to the river incision. Combining the valley bedrock and detrital river minerals with the low-temperature thermalchronology on the Tibetan plateau, together with the chronology, structure analysis and other sedimentary studies, we can obtain detailed structures and river's evolution processes.  相似文献   

3.
秦岭-大别造山带横贯中国大陆中部,并将我国东部分为南北两部;即华北克拉通和扬子克拉通.在南、北相向运动力系驱动下构成了一个极为复杂的复合、叠加构造带、成矿带和地震活动带.同时导致了该地域异常变化的沉积建造和强烈起伏的结晶基底.然而对它们形成的地球物理边界场响应,岩相和结构的异常变化尚不清晰,特别对盆山之间的耦合响应更缺乏深层动力过程的理解.为此本文通过该区榆林-铜川-涪陵长1000 km剖面的地震探测和研究结果提出：（1）沉积建造厚度变化为4~10 km,结晶基底起伏强烈,幅度可达4~6 km;（2）一系列基底断裂将该区切割为南鄂尔多斯盆地和秦岭北缘前陆盆地、秦岭-大巴造山带和南缘前陆盆地与东北四川盆地,其中前陆盆地为秦岭北渭河盆地和秦岭南通江-万源盆地;（3）秦岭造山带是北部华北克拉通向南推挤、南部扬子克拉通向北推挤下隆升的陆内山体,并构筑了其南、北前陆盆地;（4）秦岭造山带的南、北边界并非是一条边界断层,而应是包括前陆盆地在内的组合界带;（5）秦岭与大巴弧形山系源于同一深部结晶基底,即同根生.这一系列的新认识对深化理解秦岭-大巴造山带形成的深层动力过程和演化机理及厘定扬子克拉通的真实北界具有极为重要的意义.  相似文献   

4.
天山造山带是新生代以来复活隆升的陆内造山带,强烈的地震活动性使得理解和认识天山造山带深部结构及盆山耦合关系尤为重要。文章中使用天山造山带及邻区(40°～49°N,79°～93°E)85个台站2017—2019年的背景噪声资料,结合背景噪声互相关方法获得了6～52 s瑞利波相速度频散曲线,利用基于射线追踪的面波直接反演法对天山中段地壳三维S波速度结构及盆山耦合关系进行研究。结果显示：地壳浅层S波速度分布与构造单元中沉积层厚度相关,塔里木盆地北缘、准噶尔盆地南缘表现为低速,天山造山带表现为高速;到了中下地壳,天山造山带下方存在被高速异常包裹的低速体;莫霍面附近,天山造山带表现出相对低速;准噶尔盆地南缘和天山造山带的地壳厚度分别在45～50 km、50～62 km之间,沿南北向,天山造山带莫霍面呈现较为宽缓的形态;在82°～86.5°E之间,塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地向天山下方双向俯冲,86.5°～88°E之间,准噶尔盆地向天山南向俯冲,由西向东,不同盆山耦合关系揭示了新生代以来天山中段不同区域构造运动差异,为进一步探讨造山动力过程提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
By dating detrital zircon U-Pb ages of deposition sequence in foreland basins, we can analyze the provenance of these zircons and further infer the tectonic history of the mountain belts. This is a new direction of the zircon U-Pb chronology. The precondition of using this method is that we have to have all-around understanding to the U-Pb ages of the rocks of the orogenic belts, while the varied topography, high altitude of the zircon U-Pb ages of the orogenic belts are very rare and uneven. This restricts the application of this method. Modern river deposits contain abundant geologic information of their provenances, so we can probe the zircon U-Pb ages of the geological bodies in the provenances by dating the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of modern rivers' deposits. We collected modern river deposits of 14 main rivers draining from Pamir, South Tian Shan and their convergence zone and conducted detrital zircon U-Pb dating. Combining with the massive bed rock zircon U-Pb ages of the magmatic rocks and the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the modern fluvial deposit of other authors, we obtained the distribution characteristics of zircon U-Pb ages of different tectonic blocks of Pamir and South Tian Shan. Overlaying on the regional geological map, we pointed out the specific provenance geological bodies of different U-Pb age populations and speculated the existence of some new geological bodies. The results show that different tectonic blocks have different age peaks. The main age peaks of South Tian Shan are 270~289Ma and 428~449Ma, that of North Pamir are 205~224Ma and 448~477Ma, Central Pamir 36~40Ma, and South Pamir 80~82Ma and 102~106Ma. The Pamir syntaxis locates at the west end of the India-Eurasia collision zone. The northern boundary of the Pamir is the Main Pamir Thrust(MPT)and the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT). In the Cenozoic, because of the squeezing action of the India Plate, the Pamir thrust a lot toward the north and the internal terranes of the Pamir strongly uplifted. For the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision, the Tian Shan on the north margin of the Tarim Basin also uplifted intensely during this period. Extensive exhumation went along with these upliftings. The material of the exhumation was transported to the foreland basin by rivers, which formed the very thick Cenozoic deposition sequence. These age peaks can be used as characteristic ages to recognize these tectonic blocks. These results lay a solid foundation for tracing the convergence process of Pamir and South Tian Shan in Cenozoic with the help of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sediments in the foreland basin.  相似文献   

6.
The Weihe Basin is the main component of the extrusion and escape shear zone between the ancient North China craton block in Ordos and the ancient Yangtze platform in Sichuan Basin, and carries the dynamic transmission from the main power source of the Qinghai-Tibet Block in the west to the North China and South China regions in the east. The basin itself plays multi roles in the east-west and north-south tectonic movement, and is an excellent site for studying the structural interlacing, dynamic transformation and transmission. At the same time, Weihe Basin is also a famous strong earthquake zone in China. Historically, there was a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 1/4 occurring in Huaxian County in 1556, causing huge casualties and property losses. In view of the special geological structures and the characteristics of modern seismicity activities in the Weihe fault-depression zone, it is necessary to carry out fine three-dimensional velocity structure detection in the deep part of Weihe Basin and its adjacent areas, so as to study the relationship between velocity structure and geological structural units and their evolution process, as well as the deep medium environment where earth￣quakes develop and occur. We investigate the S-wave velocity structure beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions based on continuous background noise data and teleseismic data recorded by 257 broadband stations in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent regions and China Seismological Science Array Exploration Project, and by adopting seismic surface wave inter-station method and background noise cross-correlation method, a total of 10 049 fundamental-mode Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion curves in the periods of 5~70s are obtained. Firstly, using the average dispersion curve in this study area, we obtain the one-dimensional average S-wave velocity structure model of the study area, and then we apply the ray-tracing surface-wave-dispersion direct inversion method to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle (3~80km) beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions. The test results of a 1°×1° grid checker board show that the recovery is good, except for the areas east of 111° and south of 32° of the study area, where there is almost no resolution. The imaging results show that the velocity structure beneath each tectonic unit in the study area has a certain distribution rule, and there is a good correlation between surface geological structure and deep velocity structure. Based on the analysis of velocity slices at different depths and S-wave velocity structures of three profiles, and combined with existing geological structures, geophysics and other deep exploration research results, we obtain the following knowledge and conclusions:1)The thick sedimentary layer covering the top of Weihe Basin is the cause of low velocity anomaly in its shallow crust, the middle and upper crust of the basin are of low velocity structure, and the low-velocity zone extends about 25km, the Moho interface uplifts abruptly relative to both the Ordos Block and the Qinling orogenic belt on opposite sides, and high-speed materials from the upper mantle intrude into the lower crust, which may be related to the underplating of mafic-ultramafic materials from the upper mantle in Mesozoic-Cenozoic period; 2)The south Ordos Block is not a homogeneous whole, the low-velocity structure of the shallow crust in southern Ordos Block is thin in east and thick in west, which may be related to the overall tilting of the Ordos Basin since the Phanerozoic, as well as the differential uplift and strong and uneven denudation of the Ordos Block since the Late Cretaceous. The crustal structure of the south Ordos Block is relatively simple and homogeneous. There is no significant low-velocity structure in the curst of the block, which shows that the low-velocity structure in the crust does not penetrate the whole Ordos block. We speculate that the southern Ordos Block still maintains the stable craton property, and has not been reformed significantly so far; 3)The variation characteristics of deep structure of the Qinling orogenic belt reflect the deep crustal structure and tectonic deformation characteristics of the orogenic belt which are strongly reformed by land-land collision and suture between North China plate and Yangtze plate, intracontinental orogeny, uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its northeastern expansion since the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period. The deep structure beneath the eastern and western Qinling orogenic belt is different and has the characteristics of segmentation. The low-velocity anomaly at the bottom of the lower crust of the orogenic belt may be affected by tectonic activities such as uplift and outward extension of the NE Tibetan plateau, and the analysis considers that there is little possibility of the existence of lower crustal circulation channel for the eastward flowing of Tibetan plateau materials in the Qinling orogenic belt. However, since the maximum depth from the inversion of this paper is 80km, which is located at the top of the upper mantle, our results cannot prove that there exists a mantle flow channel for the eastward flow of Tibetan plateau material beneath the Qinling orogenic belt.  相似文献   

7.
For the Triassic continental collision, subduction and orogenesis in the Dabie-Sulu belt, a lot of data on petrology, geochemistry and chronology have been published[1]. However, so far no depositional records on the Triassic syn-collisional orogenesis of…  相似文献   

8.
河砂岩屑热年代学被广泛应用于揭示造山带和流域范围内热演化历史.由于受到地貌特征、剥蚀速率的空间分布、年龄与高程关系等多种因素的影响,河砂岩屑热年代学年龄所代表的意义存在多解性.本文提出了一种利用地貌形态特征和实测河砂热年代学数据模拟流域热史的计算模型.该模型首先利用DEM数据计算流域高程分布特征,通过数据中各象元对应的坡度角大小定量计算剥蚀速率的空间分布,以确定不同高程区域对河砂岩屑样品组分的贡献量.然后根据区域地质特征建立多种可能的热史年龄-高程关系,并模拟计算出与设定的年龄-高程关系相对应的河砂年龄概率分布曲线.最后,通过对模拟河砂年龄概率分布曲线与实测分布曲线的匹配度进行卡方检验,选取最可能形成实测河砂年龄分布的年龄-高程关系,即代表了流域真实的热史演化.通过河砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹方法将该模型应用于藏东南地区察隅河两条支流桑曲和贡日嘎布曲流域,模拟计算结果表明两个地区的热史演化均具有多阶段的特征,桑曲流域在38~7Ma之间均匀冷却,对应的剥露速率约为0.14km/Ma,7 Ma以来剥露速率加快,达到1.62km/Ma;贡日嘎布曲的热史年龄记录比桑曲新,18~14 Ma的隆升速率为0.32km/Ma,14~8 Ma比较稳定;8 Ma以来隆升速率逐渐加快,8~5 Ma对应的隆升速率为0.21km/Ma,5~3 Ma为0.43km/Ma,3~1.1 Ma为0.83km/Ma.桑曲的模拟计算结果与前人利用该区域基岩年龄数据所揭示的热史演化特征及剥露速率基本吻合,表明该方法可以准确模拟河砂岩屑年龄所代表的流域热史特征.因此,在地形险峻或者冰川覆盖而无法获取基岩样品的野外地区,可以通过采集河砂样品替代基岩剖面模拟地质体热史特征.  相似文献   

9.
Longshou Shan, located at the southern edge of the Alxa block, is one of the outermost peripheral mountains and the northeasternmost area of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In recent years, through geochronology, thermochronology, magnetic stratigraphy and other methods, a large number of studies have been carried out on the initiation time of major faults, the exhumation history of mountains and the formation and evolution of basins in the northeastern Tibet Plateau, the question of whether and when the northeastward expansion of the northeastern Tibet Plateau has affected the southern part of the Alxa block has been raised. Therefore, the exhumation history of Longshou Shan provides significant insight on the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan plateau and their dynamic mechanism. The Longshou Shan, trending NWW, is the largest mountain range in the Hexi Corridor Basin, and its highest peak is more than 3 600m(with average elevation of 2800m), where the average elevation of Hexi Corridor is 1 600m, the relative height difference between them is nearly 2200m. This mountain is bounded by two parallel thrust faults: The North Longshou Shan Fault(NLSF)and the South Longshou Shan Fault(SLSF), both of them trends NWW and has high angle of inclination(45°~70°)but dips opposite to each other. The South Longshou Shan Fault, located in the northern margin of the Hexi Corridor Basin, is the most active fault on the northeastern plateau, and controls the uplift of Longshou Shan.Due to its lower closure temperature, the lower-temperature thermochronology method can more accurately constrain the cooling process of a geological body in the upper crust. In recent years, the low-temperature thermochronology method has been used more and more in the study of the erosion of orogenic belts, the evolution of sedimentary basins and tectonic geomorphology. In this study, the apatite (U-Th)/He(AHe) method is used to analyze the erosion and uplift of rocks on the south and north sides of Longshou Shan. 11 AHe samples collected from the south slope exhibit variable AHe ages between~8Ma and~200Ma, the age-elevation plot shows that before 13~17Ma, the erosion rate of the Longshou Shan is very low, and then rapid erosion occurs in the mountain range, which indicates that the strong uplift of Longshou Shan occurred at 13~17Ma BP, resulting in rapid cooling of the southern rocks. In contrast, 3 AHe ages obtained from the north slope are older and more concentrated ranging from 220Ma BP to 240Ma BP, indicating that the north slope can be seen as a paleo-isothermal surface and the activity of the north side is weak. The results of thermal history inverse modeling show that the South Longshou Shan Fault was in a tectonic quiet period until the cooling rate suddenly increased to 3.33℃/Ma at 14Ma BP, indicating that Longshou Shan had not experienced large tectonic events before~14Ma BP.
We believe that under the control of South Longshou Shan Fault, the mountain is characterized by a northward tilting uplift at Mid-Miocene. Our results on the initial deformation of the Longshou Shan, in combination with many published studies across the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, suggest that the compression strain of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau may expand from south to north, and the Tibetan plateau has expanded northeastward to the southern margin of the Alxa block as early as Mid-Miocene, making Longshou Shan the current structural and geomorphic boundary of the northeastern plateau.  相似文献   

10.
阴山造山带位于鄂尔多斯盆地的北缘,这一地带不仅是构造活动强、弱的变异地域,且为盆、山的耦合地带,故在造山带与盆地地域具有各异的深层动力过程.本文基于高精度人工源地震宽角反射、折射探测和高分辨率的数据采集,通过反演求得了满都拉—鄂尔多斯—榆林—延川长达650 km剖面辖区的岩石圈精细层、块结构.研究结果表明：①沿该剖面由南向北地壳厚度为40~45 km;在不同构造单元其介质、结构均不相同;速度分布、空间结构形态和界面起伏及属性亦存在着明显差异;上地幔顶部速度为8.0~8.1 km/s;②沿剖面存在5条深、大断裂,且将该区切割成为壳、幔结构明显差异的4个构造单元,即鄂尔多斯盆地、盆山耦合地带、阴山造山带、内蒙构造带,它们各自具有固有的深层过程和动力学响应.同时厘定了阴山造山带与内蒙构造带之间的白云鄂博深、大断裂带是古亚洲洋的南界.在这里不仅导致了阴山造山带的形成,而且聚集了诸多的金属矿产资源,地震亦频繁活动.基于上述研究表明,阴山造山带—鄂尔多斯盆地耦合地带的壳、幔结构复杂、呈现出速度结构各异的层、块状展布.显然,在这一错综的成山、成盆、成岩、成矿和成灾地带,有着特异的深层过程和动力机制.  相似文献   

11.
扬子板块东北缘中元古代的大地构造划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
扬子板块东北缘存在四条主要的中元古代变质带,自南向北依次为江南变质带、沿江变质带、云台一张八岭变质带和连云港一泗阳变质带。它们分别为中元古代的古弧后盆地、火山岛弧、裂谷及弧前盆地,扬子板块东北缘中元古代为活动大陆边缘构造体系。苏（北）胶（南）变质造山带应解体,其中一部分属扬子大陆边缘体系。  相似文献   

12.
The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Indian plate and Eurasia collision zone. Understanding the erosion history of the Xigaze fore-arc basin is significant for realizing the impact of the orogenic belt due to the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The different uplift patterns of the plateau will form different denudation characteristics. If all part of Tibet Plateau uplifted at the same time, the erosion rate of exterior Tibet Plateau will be much larger than the interior plateau due to the active tectonic action, relief, and outflow system at the edge. If the plateau grows from the inside to the outside or from the north to south sides, the strong erosion zone will gradually change along the tectonic active zone that expands to the outward, north, or south sides. Therefore, the different uplift patterns are likely to retain corresponding evidence on the erosion information. The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Its burial, deformation and erosion history during or after the collision between the Indian plate and Eurasia are very important to understand the influence of plateau uplift on erosion. In this study, we use the apatite fission track(AFT)ages and zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He(ZHe and AHe)ages, combined with the published low-temperature thermochronological age to explore the thermal evolution process of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The samples' elevation is in the range of 3 860~4 070m. All zircon and apatite samples were dated by the external detector method, using low~U mica sheets as external detectors for fission track ages. A Zeiss Axioskop microscope(1 250×, dry)and FT Stage 4.04 system at the Fission Track Laboratory of the University of Waikato in New Zealand were used to carry out fission track counting. We crushed our samples finely, and then used standard heavy liquid and magnetic separation with additional handpicking methods to select zircon and apatite grains. The new results show that the ZHe age of the sample M7-01 is(27.06±2.55)Ma(Table 2), and the corresponding AHe age is(9.25±0.76)Ma. The ZHe and AHe ages are significantly smaller than the stratigraphic age, indicating suffering from annealing reset(Table 3). The fission apatite fission track ages are between(74.1±7.8)Ma and(18.7±2.9)Ma, which are less than the corresponding stratigraphic age. The maximum AFT age is(74.1±7.8)Ma, and the minimum AFT age is(18.7±2.9)Ma. There is a significant north~south difference in the apatite fission track ages of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The apatite fission track ages of the south part are 74~44Ma, the corresponding exhumation rate is 0.03~0.1km/Ma, and the denudation is less than 2km; the apatite fission track ages of the north part range from 27 to 15Ma and the ablation rate is 0.09~0.29km/Ma, but it lacks the exhumation information of the early Cenozoic. The apatite(U-Th)/He age indicates that the north~south Xigaze fore-arc basin has a consistent exhumation history after 15Ma. The results of low temperature thermochronology show that exhumation histories are different between the northern and southern Xigaze fore-arc basin. From 70 to 60Ma, the southern Xigaze fore-arc basin has been maintained in the depth of 0~6km in the near surface, and has not been eroded or buried beyond this depth. The denudation is less than the north. The low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern part only record the exhumation history after 30Ma because of the young low-temperature thermochronological data. During early Early Miocene, the rapid erosion in the northern part of Xigaze fore-arc basin may be related to the river incision of the paleo-Yarlungzangbo River. The impact of Great Count Thrust on regional erosion is limited. The AHe data shows that the exhumation history of the north-south Xigaze fore-arc basin are consistent after 15Ma. In addition, the low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern Xigaze fore-arc basin constrains geographic range of the Kailas conglomerate during the late Oligocene~Miocene along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The Kailas Basin only develops in the narrow, elongated zone between the fore-arc basin and the Gangdese orogenic belt. The southern part of the Xigaze fore-arc basin has been uplifted from the sea level to the plateau at an altitude of 4.2km, despite the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian continent and the late fault activity, but the plateau has been slowly denuded since the early Cenozoic. The rise did not directly contribute to the accelerated erosion in the area, which is inconsistent with the assumption that rapid erosion means that the orogenic belt begins to rise.  相似文献   

13.
Study indicates that the major paleocurrent and source direction for the Chang 8 Member of the Yangchang Formation, Upper Triassic in the Xifeng area of the southwestern Ordos Basin derived from the southwest direction with the southeast source as the subordinate one. While the Chang 6 Member was influenced not only by the same source as that of the Chang 8 Member from the southwest and the southeast direction, but also affected by the northeast and the east provenance around the Ordos Basin, based upon measurement of paleocurrents on outcrops located in the periphery Ordos Basin, analysis of framework grains and heavy minerals in sandstones of the Chang 6 and Chang 8 Members and their spatial distribution in the study area, combined with characteristics of trace elements and rare-earth elements of mudstones and of a small amount of sandstones in the Xifeng area and outcrops in margin of the Ordos Basin. The Yuole-Xuanma-Gucheng-Heshui-Ningxia region located in the northeastern and the eastern Xifeng area was the mixed source area where the southwest, southeast, northeast and the east sources were convergent till the Chang 6 Member was deposited. The rare earth elements of the Chang 6 and Chang 8 Members are characterized by slight light rare earth-elements (LREE) enrichment and are slightly depleted in heavy rare earth-elements (HREE) with weak to moderate negative abnormal Eu, resulting in a right inclined REE pattern, which implies that the source rocks are closely related with better differential crust material. Analysis on geochemical characteristics of the mudstones and sandstones, features of parent rocks in provenance terranes and tectonic settings shows that source rocks for the Chang 8 Member mainly came from metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in transitional continental and basement uplift terranes with a small amount of rocks including metamorphic, sedimentary and igneous rocks coming from mixed recycle orogenic belt located in the southwest margin of the Ordos basin. Rocks in the crystalline basement and the overlying sedimentary cover in a basement uplift setting in the northeast periphery of the basin also contributed a part of the sources for the Chang 6 Member, in addition to the sources deriving from transitional continental and basement uplift terranes in the southwest margin of the basin. Parent rocks of the provenance terrane in the northeast margin of the Ordos Basin are characterized by having more felsic rocks.  相似文献   

14.
The Daqingshan Fault located in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin has experienced intensive activity since late Quaternary, which is of great significance to the molding of the present geomorphology. Since basin geomorphological factors can be used to reflect regional geomorphological type and development characteristics, the use of typical geomorphology characteristics indexes may reveal the main factors that control the formation of topography. In recent years, more successful research experience has been accumulated by using hypsometric integral(HI) values and channel steepness index(ksn)to quantitatively obtain geomorphic parameters to reveal regional tectonic uplift information. The rate of bedrock uplifting can be reflected by channel steepness index, the region with steep gradient has high rate of bedrock uplifting, while the region with slower slope has low rate of bedrock uplifting. The tectonic uplift can shape the geomorphic characteristics by changing the elevation fluctuation of mountains in study area, and then affect the hypsometric integral values distribution trend, thus, the HI value can be used to reflect the intensity of regional tectonic activity, with obvious indicating effect. Knick point can be formed by fault activity, and the information of knick point and its continuous migration to upstream can be recorded along the longitudinal profile of stream. Therefore, it is possible and feasible to obtain the information of tectonic activity from the geomorphic characteristics of Daqinshan area. The research on the quantitative analysis of regional large-scale tectonic activities in the Daqingshan area of the Yellow River in the Hetao Basin is still deficient so far. Taking this area as an example, based on the method of hypsometric integral(HI) and channel steepness index(ksn), we use the DEM data with 30m resolution and GIS spatial analysis technology to extract the networks of drainage system and seven sub-basins. Then, we calculate the hypsometric integral(HI) values of each sub-basin and fit its spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we obtain the values of channel steepness index and its fitting spatial distribution characteristics based on the improved Chi-plot bedrock analysis method. Combining the extraction results of geomorphic parameters with the characteristics of fault activity, we attempt to explore the characteristics of drainage system development and the response of stream profile and geomorphology to tectonic activities in the Daqingshan section of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the values of the hypsometric integral in the Daqingshan drainage area are medium, between 0.5~0.6, and the Strahler curve of each tributary is S-shaped, suggesting that the geomorphological development of the Daqingshan area is in its prime, and the tectonic activity and erosion is strong. Continuous low HI value is found in the tectonic subsidence area on the hanging wall of the Daqingshan Fault. The distribution characteristics of the HI value reveal that the Daqingshan Fault controls the geomorphic difference between basin and mountain. Longitudinal profiles of the river reveal the existence of many knick points. The steepness index of river distributes in high value along the trend of mountain which lies in the tectonic uplift area on the footwall of the Daqingshan Fault. It reflects that the bedrock uplift rate of Daqingshan area is faster. The distribution characteristics of the channel steepness index show that the uplift amplitude of Daqingshan area is strong and the bedrock is rapidly uplifted, which is significantly different from the subsidence amplitude in the depression basin at the south margin of the fault, indicating that the main power source controlling the basin mountain differential movement comes from Daqingshan Fault. Based on the comparison and analysis on tectonic, lithology and climate, there is no obvious corresponding relationship between the difference of rock erosion resistance and the change of geomorphic parameters, and the precipitation has little effect on the geomorphic transformation of Daqingshan area, and its contribution to the geomorphic development is limited. Thus, we think the lithology and rainfall conditions have limited impact on the hypsometric integral, longitudinal profiles of the river and channel steepness index. Lithology maybe has some influences on the channel knick points, while tectonic activity of piedmont faults is the main controlling factor that causes the unbalanced characteristics of the longitudinal profile of the channel and plays a crucial role in the development of the channel knick points. So, tectonic activity of the Daqingshan Fault is the main factor controlling the uplift and geomorphic evolution of the Daqingshan area.  相似文献   

15.
中国陆域居里等温面深度特征   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文
基于最新编制的1/100万全国航陆域磁异常图数据,采用功率谱法对中国陆域的居里点深度进行了估算,获得了8004个居里点深度,完成了中国陆域居里面深度图的编制,首次完整的展现了中国陆域的居里面起伏特征.研究表明,居里面在稳定地块表现为坳陷,埋深为28~45km,如塔里木盆地,准噶尔盆地,柴达木盆地,可可西里—巴颜喀拉坳陷区,扬子盆地区,华北盆地区,松辽盆地,二连盆地,巴彦浩特—武威—潮水盆地,珠江口—琼东南盆地等.华北盆地区的居里面深度与塔里木陆块和扬子陆块有较大的差异,相对偏浅,这可能与华北陆块遭受了复杂的后期改造,导致软流圈上隆和岩石圈减薄有关.可可西里—巴颜喀拉地块是青藏高原北部发育的呈NWW向展布的巨型居里面坳陷带,其原因是该地区发育大面积的三叠系沉积地层和较少的岩浆活动,这些稳定的地块都具有莫霍面隆起和居里面坳陷的特征.在活动频繁的造山带居里面以隆起为特征,埋深为18~26km,如东北部山岭区、西北部山岭区、秦岭—大别山地区、西昆仑—西藏—三江—康滇地区、东南沿海地区等.这反映了构造运动及岩浆活动所引起的地壳地温梯度的差异.根据我国816个大地热流数据,对比研究居里面深度与地温梯度和大地热流的关系,结果显示居里面深度与热流值并非线性关系,居里面深度大于30km时,热流值较低,均小于100mW·m~(-2);在居里面深度小于30km的地区,热流值变化范围较大.并且,随着热流值的升高,热流值有向中国东部沿海、藏南—三江地区、秦岭—大别地区、辽东等集中的趋势,这些地区都呈现出居里面隆起的特征,是地热资源勘探开发的重要远景区.  相似文献   

16.
从2013年3月至2014年11月,我们布设了一条延川—涪陵的流动宽频带地震台阵,剖面由70个流动台站组成,全长约900km,穿越华北克拉通、秦岭—大巴造山带和扬子克拉通东北缘陆内三大构造单元.利用记录到的远震波形资料,提取得到5638个远震P波接收函数,使用H-κ叠加扫描和CCP偏移叠加方法刻划了秦岭造山带与南北相邻地带的地壳厚度、泊松比以及构造界带.研究结果显示,(1)关于地壳厚度:地壳最厚的区域出现在大巴山,地壳厚度集中在47~51km之间,秦岭的地壳厚度相对大巴山较薄,且呈向北减薄趋势,集中在37~46km之间,渭河盆地地壳厚度为本区域最薄地带,在34°N左右处达到最薄为35km,剖面北侧的南鄂尔多斯盆地的地壳厚度变化缓慢,多为44km左右,南侧的四川盆地东北缘的地壳厚度向南缓慢减薄,集中在42~48km之间;(2)关于泊松比:使用接收函数H-κ叠加扫描法得到了沿剖面各台站下方地壳的平均纵、横波速度比VP/VS(κ),进一步计算得到泊松比σ,泊松比具有明显的横向分块特征,秦岭造山带的泊松比明显低于南北两侧区域,其小于0.26的泊松比表征着该区域地壳物质组分主要为酸性岩石,亦即其酸性长英质组分上地壳相对于基性铁镁质组分下地壳较厚,该区域没有高泊松比分布则表明不存在广泛的部分熔融.(3)关于构造界带:秦岭—大巴造山带与扬子克拉通的边界并非在勉略构造带,应向南移至四川盆地的东北缘,华北克拉通和扬子克拉通分踞秦岭—大巴造山带南、北两侧,且分别以较陡倾角向南和相对较缓的倾角向北俯冲于秦岭—大巴造山带之下,使得秦岭—大巴造山带呈不对称状扇形向外扩展与向上抬升的空间几何模型.秦岭和大巴山之间33°N附近存在分界面,两区域地壳厚度与泊松比特征各异.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征   总被引：4，自引：12，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
通过对汶川地震前观测的碌曲—若尔盖—北川—中江大地电磁剖面的数据处理和反演解释,揭示了沿剖面的松潘—甘孜地块、川西前陆盆地、龙门山构造带及秦岭构造带50 km深度的电性结构特征及相互关系,表明青藏高原东缘向东挤压,迫使向东流动的地壳物质沿高原东缘堆积,并向扬子陆块逆冲推覆.龙门山恰好位于松潘—甘孜地块与扬子陆块对挤部位,主要受松潘—甘孜地块壳内高导层滑脱和四川盆地基底高阻体阻挡的约束,地壳深部存在着西倾且连续展布的壳内低阻层,表明龙门山深部确实存在着逆冲推覆构造,其逆冲断裂系中的三条断裂不仅以不同的倾角向西北倾斜,并且向深部逐渐汇集,但茂县—汶川断裂可能在深部与北川—映秀断裂是分离的.龙门山两翼的四川盆地和松潘甘孜褶皱带的电性结构既具有明显差异性,又具有一定的相关性.四川盆地显示巨厚的低阻沉积盖层和连续稳定的高阻基底的二元电性结构,而松潘—甘孜地块则表现为反向二元结构,即上部大套高阻褶皱带,下部整体为低阻的变化带,龙门山逆冲构造带本身又表现为松潘地块逆冲上覆在四川盆地之上,构成上部高阻褶皱带、中部低阻逆冲断裂带和底部盆地高阻基底的三层电性结构.对比龙门山逆冲构造断裂带的西倾延伸上下盘两侧的两个反对称的二元电性结构,松潘区块深部推断的结晶基底与龙门山断裂带下盘推断的下伏盆地结晶基底又存在某种内在对应关系,推断可能存在一个西延至若尔盖地块的泛扬子陆块.因此,龙门山构造带地壳电性结构研究对于揭示青藏高原东缘陆内造山动力过程,探索汶川大地震的深部生成机理都具有重要意义.  相似文献   

19.
天山造山带作为世界上陆内最大的造山带之一,现今地震活动频繁,造山运动强烈,是开展陆内造山和内陆地震活动研究的天然试验场.本文利用整个天山造山带地区国内及国际台网的108个地震台站连续三年的背景噪声资料,提取了8~50 s周期的瑞利面波相速度频散曲线,并构建了整个天山造山带地区的二维瑞利面波相速度与方位各向异性分布图像.结果表明：浅部结构与地表的地质构造单元具有较大的相关性.低波速异常主要分布于沉积层厚度较大的盆地地区,而高波速异常主要分布于构造活动比较活跃的山脉地区.东天山地区中下地壳存在比较弱的低波速异常,而塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地汇聚边缘的上地幔区域则表现为明显的高波速异常,各向异性快波方向呈现近NS向的特征,暗示着塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的岩石圈已经俯冲至东天山的下方.中天山地区的中下地壳至上地幔区域均呈现为明显的低波速异常,且各向异性快波方向变化比较复杂,表明中天山地区的整个岩石圈结构已经弱化,热物质上涌可能对介质的方位各向异性有一定的影响.西天山及帕米尔高原的上地幔区域存在低波速异常,各向异性表现为NW-SE方向,可能与欧亚板块的大陆岩石圈南向俯冲有关.塔里木盆地内部存在相对弱的低波速异常,推测塔里木盆地可能已经受到上涌的地幔热物质的侵蚀和破坏.  相似文献   

20.
秦岭造山带与其南北两侧华北克拉通和扬子克拉通属三大构造单元,不论其各构造单元体还是其界带构造均甚为复杂,并受到多期次构造运动的制约,形成了大陆内部特异的造山过程.尽管在这一地域曾做过大量的地表地质工作和一些相关的地球物理工作,但对其壳、幔精细结构、深层动力过程,特别是同步穿越华北克拉通、秦岭-大巴造山带和扬子克拉通系统的耦合研究甚少.为了研究和探索该地域的壳、幔精细速度结构和其形成的深层过程,专门布置了一条北起榆林,向南经咸阳、宁陕直抵涪陵长达1000 km的高精度地震宽角反射、折射波场探测剖面.通过剖面辖区高分辨率的数据采集,数据处理、反演和壳、幔层、块精细速度结构,发现剖面辖区深部壳、幔结构存在特异的速度和结构变化,并厘定了一系列的新认识.研究结果表明:(1)秦岭—大巴造山带具有同一基底,其形成乃为结晶基底隆升所致,即它的形成仅涉及到上地壳的受力变形和空间状态.造山带与其南、北两侧的前陆盆地为陆内造山过程中同一深层过程的产物,但其沉积速率和形态却不相同.华北克拉通与秦岭造山带之间前陆盆地Bfc拉张为该区Moho界面的局部隆升所致.(2)首次提出了沿1000 km长剖面连续的沉积建造、结晶基底、上地壳、下地壳和上地幔顶部的层、块速度结构和各界面的起伏变化与空间状态.基于地震波边界场响应厘定了华北克拉通、秦岭—大巴造山带和扬子克拉通的分区界带.论述了三大构造单元各自的内部结构和其相邻界域的速度变化特征.(3)该区大陆内部速度结构和不同类型断裂分布及层序在华北克拉通、秦岭—大巴造山带、扬子克拉通三大块体地域存在显著差异.不同规模、层次与产状的断裂分布反映出它们在变形行为和机制上及所受构造运动的制约上均存在明显的差异.  相似文献   

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