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在近断层地震动下桥梁结构将发生较大反应,减隔震设计是减轻地震损伤的重要手段。提出了在桥梁双柱墩横桥向设置防屈曲支撑(BRB),在纵桥向设置铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)的双向减隔震体系。利用Midas Civil软件建立3种不同减隔震方式的桥梁结构模型:LRB仅单向,LRB双向与LRB联合BRB,运用非线性时程分析方法计算了桥墩反应(墩顶侧移角、残余位移角和曲率延性)、LRB支座变形和BRB的耗能特性等。结果表明:在近断层地震动输入下联合设置LRB和BRB的双向减隔震桥梁减震效果明显,相比其它2种方式,能有效降低墩柱的塑性变形及起到保护桥墩的作用。在横桥向,桥墩最大侧移角、残余位移角和最大曲率延性系数都显著降低。 相似文献
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我国西部部分连续刚构桥临近地震断层建设，在抗震分析时通常会忽略断层走向与桥梁纵桥向夹角对其地震反应的影响。利用Midas Civil软件建立4座墩高不同的大跨度连续刚构桥模型，选取10组近断层强震记录进行时程分析，研究断层走向对刚构桥地震反应(位移和弯矩反应)的影响。结果显示：在水平双向近断层地震动输入下，桥梁主墩及主梁纵桥向地震反应在断层走向与纵桥向夹角为75°～135°范围内最大，而横桥向最大地震反应则发生在夹角为0°～30°或120°～180°范围；在三向近断层地震动输入下，与仅考虑水平双向地震动输入下的桥梁地震反应相比，竖向地震动对主梁竖向弯矩响应的影响较大，特别是主墩和主梁的交界处，增大比例可达2倍及以上。就文章选取的4座桥梁算例，不考虑断层走向和桥梁纵桥向的夹角则存在低估桥梁地震反应的可能，低估误差在15%～40%左右。 相似文献
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以HDR隔震梁桥多自由度（MDOF）模型和等效双线性单自由度（SDOF）模型为研究对象，以典型近场地震动作为输入，研究HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线呈典型双线性；考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积小于不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积。不考虑双向耦合效应的顺桥向HDR支座位移峰值db大于考虑双向耦合效应时，但横桥向的结果相反。近场地震作用下，对梁桥进行HDR支座隔震设计时，忽略双向耦合效应计算得到的墩底剪力峰值和弯矩峰值均偏于保守。可忽略HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥近场地震能量的影响。 相似文献
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The aseismic design of cable-stayed bridges in the transverse direction with newly proposed metallic dampers that can accommodate both longitudinal and transverse movement of the deck has recently been considered. This work focuses on developing a simplified method to design an appropriate metallic damper. The seismic performance of cablestayed bridges with different damper stiffness, main span lengths, tower shapes and types of deck in the transverse direction are investigated. The transverse displacement of the deck of a cable-stayed bridge increases significantly with the increment of the damper stiffness, which proves that the design of the damper stiffness is crucial. A simplified model considering the damper stiffness, cable system and tower in the transverse direction is developed to evaluate the period and lateral displacement of a complicated cable-stayed bridge. Based on the simplified model, a design method is proposed and assessed using two cable-stayed bridges as examples. The results show that metallic dampers can be designed with high efficiency, and the optimal ductility of the damper can be selected. 相似文献
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The Sutong Bridge in China opened to traffic in 2008, and is an arterial connection between the cities of Nantong and Suzhou. It is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1,088 m. Due to a tight construction schedule and lack of suitable seismic devices at the time, fixed supports were installed between the piers and the girder in the transverse direction. As a result, significant transverse seismic forces could occur in the piers and foundations, especially during a return period of a 2500-year earthquake. Therefore, the piers, foundations and fixed bearings had to be designed extraordinarily strong. However, when larger earthquakes occur, the bearings, piers and foundations are still vulnerable. The recent rapid developments in seismic technology and the performance-based design approach offer a better opportunity to optimize the transverse seismic design for the Sutong Bridge piers. The optimized design can be applied to the Sutong Bridge(as a retrofit), as well as other bridges. Seismic design alternatives utilizing viscous fluid dampers(VFD), or friction pendulum sliding bearings(FPSB), or transverse yielding metallic dampers(TYMD) are thoroughly studied in this work, and the results are compared with those from the current condition with fixed transverse supports and a hypothetical condition in which only sliding bearings are provided on top of the piers(the girder can move "freely" in the transverse direction during the earthquake, except for frictional forces of the sliding bearings). Parametric analyses were performed to optimize the design of these proposed seismic devices. From the comparison of the peak bridge responses in these configurations, it was found that both VFD and TYMD are very effective in the reduction of transverse seismic forces in piers, while at the same time keeping the relative transverse displacements between piers and the box girder within acceptable limits. However, compared to VFD, TYMD do not interact with the longitudinal displacements of the girder, and have simpler details and lower initial and maintenance costs. Although the use of FPSB can also reduce seismic forces, it generally causes the transverse relative displacements to be higher than acceptable limits. 相似文献
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给出了地震行波输入下大跨度桥梁的主动、半主动和被动控制分析方法,并对1座4跨连续刚构桥梁进行了行波输入下地震反应计算,分析了8种振动控制情况下纵桥向和横桥向地震反应的减震效果。结果表明,行波效应会明显降低该连续刚构桥梁8种振动控制方法的纵桥向地震反应减震效果,最大开关控制算法对纵桥向的减震效果相对最好;最大阻尼力被动控制和最大开关控制算法对横桥向的减震效果相对最好,采用该2种控制方法时行波效应对横桥向总体减震效果影响不大。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the behavior and the failure mechanism of a double deck bridge constructed in China through nonlinear time history analysis.A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different structural characteristics on the behavior of the double deck bridge under transverse seismic motions,and to detect the effect of bidirectional loading on the seismic response of this type of bridge.The results showed that some characteristics,such as the variable lateral stiffness,the foundation modelling,and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the upper and lower columns of the bridge pier bents have a major impact on the double deck bridge response and its failure mechanism under transverse seismic motions.It was found that the soft story failure mechanism is not unique to the double deck bridge and its occurrence is related to some conditions and structural characteristics of the bridge structure.The analysis also showed that the seismic vulnerability of the double deck bridge under bi-directional loading was severely increased compared to the bridge response under unidirectional transverse loading,and out-of-phase movements were triggered between adjacent girders. 相似文献
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5跨连续中承式钢管混凝土拱桥抗震性能分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
钢管混凝土拱桥由于桥型优美在城市桥梁中得到广泛应用，对某正在设计的5跨连续巾承式钢管混凝土拱桥进行了动力特性和抗震性能分析，根据该桥的结构特点，建立了’该桥的空间有限元分析模型，计算桥梁的自振特性，基于反应谱方法计算了该桥在横向、纵向水平地震反应，计算结果表明：该桥拱肋的面外刚度相对较小，在桥梁振动中首先出现拱肋的面外振动；桥梁的竖向振动表现为拱肋与桥面的整体竖向振动，其基频明显比拱肋面外振动大；主拱肋的轴力由横桥向地震动控制，其他内力由纵桥向地震动控制；地震作用对弯矩的影响较大，故主拱的内力计算应考虑地震力的影响；在设计计算中除常规关键点应作为控制点外，内外拱连接处也应作为控制点。计算结果已为该桥的抗震设计提供了参考。 相似文献
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基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。 相似文献
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地震作用下钢筋混凝土（RC）桥墩容易损坏。为完善RC桥墩的抗震设计及验算方法,对比最新中国和欧洲规范中关于RC桥墩的延性抗震设计及验算方法的不同之处。基于Midas/Civil软件所建立的常规连续梁桥有限元模型,对比分析采用中欧规范开展的RC桥墩延性抗震设计及验算结果。结果表明:中欧规范中关于RC桥墩的延性抗震设计理念、抗剪和变形验算方法及延性构造细节均有区别。基于中欧规范设计的RC桥墩配筋情况存在差异。与中国规范相比,欧洲规范关于RC桥墩的横向钢筋配筋率和纵筋最小配筋率要求较高,有利于保证结构的抗剪强度和延性;箍筋最大间距要求较低,不利于防止纵筋压曲。 相似文献
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本文以一座三跨总长60 m的整体桥为案例桥,分别试设计了同跨径的半整体桥、延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥。通过Midas/Civil软件建立四种桥型的有限元模型,并对其进行了E1和E2反应谱分析和时程分析,对比了四种桥型的结构反应峰值（墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基剪力与弯矩、台底位移、桥台桩基剪力与弯矩）。计算结果表明:当桥梁存在15°的斜交角,整体桥、半整体桥在地震动沿平行于桥台长边方向及其垂直方向输入时更不利,而延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥在地震动沿顺桥向和横桥向输入时更不利。四种桥型在地震作用下:整体桥抗震性能最优异,但其台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最大;半整体桥台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最小,其墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基的剪力和弯矩仅比整体桥大;延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥的墩-梁相对位移远大于整体桥和半整体桥,不适用于地震基本烈度高的区域。 相似文献
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Miguel B. Brito Mitsuyoshi Akiyama Yoshitaka Ichikawa Hiroki Yamaguchi Riki Honda Naomitsu Ishigaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(8):817-837
A novel low-cost friction sliding system for bidirectional excitation is developed to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers. The sliding system is a spherical prototype developed by combining a central flat surface with an inclined spherical segment, characterized by stable oscillation and a large reduction in response accelerations on the flat surface. The inclined part provides a restoring force that limits the residual displacements of the system. Conventional steel and concrete are employed to construct a flat-inclined spherical surface atop an RC pier. The seismic forces are dissipated through the frictions generated during the sliding movements; hence, the seismic resilience of bridges can be ensured with a low-cost design solution. The proposed system is fabricated utilizing a mold created by a three-dimensional printer, which facilitates the use of conventional concrete to construct spherical shapes. The concrete surface is lubricated with a resin material to prevent abrasion from multiple input ground motions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, bidirectional shaking table tests are conducted in the longitudinal and transverse directions of a scaled bridge model. The effect of the inclination angle and the flat surface size is investigated. The results demonstrate a large decrease in response acceleration when the system exhibits circular sliding displacement. Furthermore, the inclination angle that generates the smallest residual displacement is identified experimentally. 相似文献
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为了合理计算山区桥梁支座刚度,针对桥墩高度不相同的特点,考虑上部结构对桥墩顶部的转动约束作用,提出在横桥向可将墩顶视为自由约束,而在纵桥向将墩顶视为定向约束。分别按照地震作用下各墩底剪力和弯矩相等的原则,推导桥梁支座纵、横桥向的刚度设计公式,并给出各桥墩支座的设计方法。为验证方法的正确性,以墩底剪力相等的原则为例,利用OpenSees建立一座墩高不等的5跨连续梁桥模型,并依支座刚度取值不同分三种工况:工况一各桥墩支座刚度相同;工况二按墩顶自由计算各支座的纵、横桥向刚度;工况三按墩顶定向约束计算各支座的纵、横桥向刚度。分别对三种工况下的桥梁结构输入三条地震动记录进行时程分析,考察各桥墩的底部剪力。分析结果表明:工况一各桥墩纵、横桥向的底部剪力均不相同;工况二各桥墩横桥向的底部剪力相同而纵桥向的底部剪力不同;工况三各桥墩纵桥向的底部剪力相同而横桥向的底部剪力不同。上述结果表明在桥梁支座设计时,横桥向桥墩的抗推刚度应按墩顶自由计算,而纵桥向桥墩的抗推刚度应按墩顶为定向约束计算。 相似文献
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The end diaphragm of bridges are normally designed to resist lateral seismic forces imposed on the superstructure in earthquake prone regions. Using ductile diaphragms with high deformation capacity could reduce the seismic demands on the substructure and prevent costly damage under strong ground motions. The end diaphragms of steel tub girder bridges with high lateral stiffness and dominant shear behavior have a potential to be used as ductile fuse elements. In this study, a steel plate shear diaphragm(SPSD) is introduced as an external end diaphragm of tub girder steel bridges to reduce the seismic demands imposed on the substructure. Quasi static nonlinear analyses were conducted to evaluate responses of sixteen SPSDs with different boundary conditions, aspect ratios and diaphragm plate thicknesses. Moreover, nonlinear time history analyses were performed using three different ground motions corresponding to DBE and MCE level spectrums. Cyclic and time history analyses proved the proper behavior of SPSD and its efficiency to reduce seismic demands by more than 25%. 相似文献
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为了提高采用板式橡胶支座的斜梁桥横向抗震能力,揭示其在不同设计参数下的横向抗震行为,考虑板式橡胶支座的滑移、钢筋混凝土挡块的滞回力学性能、桥台-背土效应等非线性因素,采用OpenSEES建立某连续斜梁桥的三维分析模型,提出支座位移评价指标、主梁平面转角指标、墩柱曲率延性指标和抗剪指标,研究不同挡块强度和间隙组合下桥梁的横向抗震性能。研究表明:同时增大挡块强度和间隙,总体上会降低支座的横向变形,但会增加其纵向变形;挡块强度越高,主梁的横向位移有所下降,但平面转角越大,对两侧桥台处的支座抗剪越不利;挡块强度越高,间隙越小,墩柱越有可能进入弹塑性状态。在本文桥例中,当挡块强度取40%支反力,间隙取0.08m时,所有抗震指标都可满足规范要求。 相似文献
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Steel rectangular section columns with stiffened plates are commonly used for elevated highway bridges in the urban areas of Japan. The seismic design of bridge piers is usually performed by dynamic analysis in the horizontal direction using various independent directional seismic acceleration data. However, this simple treatment does not reflect the effect of bilateral loading as a structural response to inelastic interaction. In this study, unidirectional and bidirectional loading hybrid tests were conducted to examine the seismic response and performance of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers subjected to bidirectional seismic accelerations. Comparison of the results of unidirectional and bidirectional loading tests revealed that the maximum load is the same as the average of unidirectional loading in the NS and EW directions; however, the maximum response displacement and residual displacement increase in proportion with hard to soft ground types. Moreover, a modified seismic design is proposed considering these bidirectional loading effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为研究强地震作用下,桥台及台后土体对斜交连续梁桥抗震作用的影响。以一座三跨连续斜交箱梁桥为依托,应用sap2000建立不同斜度的模型,针对有、无桥台两种工况,采用非线性时程分析方法,研究了纵向不同地震动强度输入下,桥台及台后土体作用对不同斜度的连续梁桥主梁和桥墩位移的影响规律,并对桥墩的延性性能进行分析。研究结果表明:桥台及台后土体的存在会抑制主梁的纵向位移,大大增加主梁梁端的横向位移,地震动幅值越大,这种作用越明显;桥台及台后土体作用会减小墩顶纵向位移和墩底纵向弯矩,降低桥墩纵向位移延性需求,提高桥墩纵向安全性,斜交角越大,该影响效果越小;桥台作用对桥墩的横向反应几乎无影响。建议在桥梁抗震设计时应考虑桥台以及台后土体的作用,并针对不同斜度的连续梁桥采取相应的抗震措施,以提高其抗震性能。 相似文献
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The study reported in this paper investigates the feasibility of developing an active base isolation system for the protection of bridges subjected to earthquakes. The proposed system incorporates spherical supports, cams and springs which can be optimally designed to minimize the transmissibility of the seismic disturbances to the bridge. The considered example shows that the proposed design is implementable and can provide an order of magnitude reduction in the maximum stress resulting from seismic waves acting on the bridge in the transverse or longitudinal direction. Since the system performance is highly dependent on the rapid unlocking of the cams in the event of a seismic disturbance, careful consideration should be given to the design of a reliable cam release control. This can be achieved by spring loading each cam such that it would be normally unlocked. A hydraulic actuator would be used to force it to rotate to the locking position under fluid pressure which would be constantly maintained at the design level during normal conditions. The actuator would be equipped with a quick response release valve for rapidly releasing the pressure and consequently unlocking the cam as soon as an earthquake is detected. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献