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1.
岫岩-海城5.4级地震前小震震源机制解与记录特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
采用Pn、Pg初始波初动符号，利用乌尔夫网上半球投影，用作图方法求解了岫岩－海城震区（1999年1月－1999年11月29日）主震前辽宁数字地震台网记录（ML≥2.5)的41个小震的震源机制参数。结合前震记录的某些特征，对主震前应力方向的时空变化，震源错动性质进行分析和讨论。 相似文献
2.
转MT-like基因衣藻的重金属结合能力与抗性特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对转MT－like基因衣藻和其野生品系的比较分析,发现转基因藻株对重金属镉和铜的结合能力及抗性均有大幅提高。在重金属结合能力方面,低浓度（5－10μmol/L）的镉溶液中,转基因藻重金属结合量是野生株的1.5倍左右,而相对高浓度（30－50μmol/L）的镉溶液中,由于重金属对藻细胞的毒害作用,使两者的差异不明显。在重金属铜和镉的抗性,转基因藻表现出明显高于野生藻株的抗性特征。用转基因藻去处理含铜的工业废水,结果发现转基因藻的处理效率可以提高10％以上。这说明DNA重组技术对提高藻类的废水处理效率方面具有较大的潜力。 相似文献
3.
结合典型工程实例，采用在土体侧向边界节点处用弹簧并联阻尼器来进行模拟，在平面应变单元和桩体梁单元连接处用约束方程的方法进行节点耦合、满足连续条件，选择桩、土、荷载参数，用整体有限元方法进行桩－土－结构相互作用体系的地震反应分析。重点讨论了三种不同的上部结构刚度对桩基地震内力的影响，得到了在水平地震荷载作用下上部结构刚度的增大将增大桩基的内力及水平位移，且桩顶及桩身处于第一个软硬土层交界面处的截面的内力尤为突出等结论。关键词：上部结构刚度改变；桩－土－结构相互作用；弹性－阻尼边界；地震反应分析 相似文献
4.
本文评述美国五家公司的显微CT（以下简称MCT）的现状和发展趋势,在颅凳面病人实际行皮肤切片,显示薄层细胞的基础上,结合MCT做二维和三维的CT成像,成立体,详尽和精确地显示皮肤表层5－10毫米,机体组织三维解剖结构,包括表皮,真皮、脂肪、动脉、静脉的空间分布及其相互关系,探讨显微CT和螺旋CT机在其成像分辨率提高的进程,再现美容病体模型的程度可达到亚微米级的精度,为掌握病情并制定合理的手术计划提供了重要依据,提高－整形的效果,实现全方位扫描和精密三维重建技术在颅凳面皮肤美容和减肥的适应症的应用价值。结果：显微CT三维重建技术是现代皮肤美容和保健的主要诊断方法之一,并具有重要的临床应用价值;近年来工业微焦点CT机其空间分辨率已达5－15微米,已发展了用于生物医学的研究,今后对可皮下组织作精细的CT成像,以了解形整美容,减肥,对当前的美容和保健产品给予在亚微米级,从细胞发育情况的定量评价,表述其CT影像的微观结果。 相似文献
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利用X—CT研究大庆油田双重介质裂缝和砂岩孔隙度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Ｘ－ＣＴ图象分析技术以研究双重介质的砂岩裂缝和孔隙度，对于稳产开采石油是很有价值的。Ｘ－ＣＴ法测量双重介质也隙度的优越性在于利用图象分析技术可以分别给出裂缝和砂岩的孔隙度，它同移重方法和核孔隙计测量的数据对比，是一种精度高，直观，无损伤的实验技术，Ｘ－ＣＴ测量双重介质孔隙度可给出孔隙度的分布，这有利于了解和预测残余油的分布。 相似文献
7.
多点输入的相邻结构—地基—土地震反应分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用样条函烽与半解析函数耦合法分析水平方向无限延伸的地基上，并对基岩处采用多点输入地震动的相邻结构－地基－土系统进行了分析，避免了人为的有限边界处理和有限边界地震动的处理，通过算例，得到了相邻结构－地基－土相互作用一些有意义的规律。 相似文献
8.
长江三峡工程库首区InSAR测量的初步研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
正在进行的长江三峡水利枢纽工程将建成世界上最大的人工水库，已有的研究表明，高坝水库有可能诱发中强地震。合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR)已成为测量地球表面变化极具潜力的技术。对欧洲遥感卫星ERS－1与ERS－2的SAR数据的初步分析表明：只要时间跨度不太长，在有植被覆盖、地形起伏较大的山区亦能获得较为理想的干涉图像。结合三峡地壳形变监测网络，利用InSAR技术完全有希望识别三峡工程蓄水过程的地表变形。 相似文献
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均匀土-桩基-结构相互作用体系的计算分析 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
本文以结构－地基动力相互作用振动台模型试验为基础，结合通用有限元软件ANSYS，对均匀土－桩基－结构动力相互作用体系进行了三维有限元分析。计算中土体采用等效线性模型，利用面－面接触单元考虑土体与结构交界面的状态非线性，计算与试验得出的规律基本一致。桩基与土体间发生了脱开再闭合和滑移现象。桩身应变幅值分布呈桩顶大、桩尖小的倒三角分布，角桩的应变幅值较大，边排中桩和中桩的应变幅值较小。桩土接触压力幅值呈桩顶小、桩尖大的三角形分布。在沿振动方向的三排桩中，边排桩的滑移比中排桩的滑移量大。通过计算分析与试验的对照研究，验证了采用的计算模型与分析方法的合理性，为结构－地基相互作用的进一步研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
偏振光皮肤镜图像分析技术在临床上开发应用的研究——在皮肤肿瘤诊断中的灵敏度与特异度探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目的：探讨偏振光皮肤镜（DP）图像分析技术在皮肤肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法：在临床肉眼诊断的基础上,采用DP法对皮肤肿瘤进行辅助诊断,后经组织病理确诊,将诊断结果进行对照与回顾性分析。结果：总结了948例皮肤肿瘤和与其相鉴别的色素性皮损的DP法诊断指征并显示出平均灵敏度88.77%,特异度94.92%,诊断符合率达92.72%,比临床肉眼诊断符合率提高了23.94%。结论：DP法是一种无创性观察体表和表皮下部肉眼无法识别的形态学特征与数字图像技术。它对多种皮肤肿瘤尤其对色素性皮肤肿瘤的判断和良恶性皮损的鉴别诊断具有较好的辅助诊断价值。对减少盲目活检、有效指导手术切除范围和选择合理的治疗方法及术后复诊具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
Occurrence and distribution antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a marine beach 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Mudryk ZJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(1):80-86
Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a sandy beach in Sopot, at the Southern Baltic Sea coast was determined. The levels of resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Bacteria inhabiting the middle part of the beach and the dune were most resistant; the least resistant were bacteria isolated from the sea-beach contact zone. Generally, there were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria. Bacteria isolated from the surface layer of the sand were more resistant to the tested antibiotics than bacteria from the subsurface layers. The majority of bacterial strains were resistant to 3-8 antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was dependent on their chemical structure. 相似文献
13.
An algal culture medium was developed which reflects the extreme chemical conditions of acidic mining lakes (pH 2.7, high concentrations of iron and sulfate) and remains stable without addition of organic carbon sources. It enables controlled experiments e.g. on the heterotrophic potential of pigmented flagellates in the laboratory. Various plankton organisms isolated from acidic lakes were successfully cultivated in this medium. The growth rates of a Chlamydomonas isolate from acidic mining lakes were assessed by measuring cell densities under pure autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions (with glucose as organic C‐source) and showed values of 0.74 and 0.40, respectively. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)
The nonlinearity of the relationship between CO2 flux and other micrometeorological variables flux parameters limits the applicability of carbon flux models to accurately estimate the flux dynamics. However, the need for carbon dioxide (CO2) estimations covering larger areas and the limitations of the point eddy covariance technique to address this requirement necessitates the modeling of CO2 flux from other micrometeorological variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used because of their power to fit highly nonlinear relations between input and output variables without explaining the nature of the phenomena. This paper applied a multilayer perception ANN technique with error back propagation algorithm to simulate CO2 flux on three different ecosystems (forest, grassland and cropland) in ChinaFLUX. Energy flux (net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat and soil heat flux) and temperature (air and soil) and soil moisture were used to train the ANN and predict the CO2 flux. Diurnal half-hourly fluxes data of observations from June to August in 2003 were divided into training, validating and testing. Results of the CO2 flux simulation show that the technique can successfully predict the observed values with R2 value between 0.75 and 0.866. It is also found that the soil moisture could not improve the simulative accuracy without water stress. The analysis of the contribution of input variables in ANN shows that the ANN is not a black box model, it can tell us about the controlling parameters of NEE in different ecosystems and micrometeorological environment. The results indicate the ANN is not only a reliable, efficient technique to estimate regional or global CO2 flux from point measurements and understand the spatiotemporal budget of the CO2 fluxes, but also can identify the relations between the CO2 flux and micrometeorological variables. 相似文献
15.
从GPS/MET计划开始,基于GNSS的无线电掩星技术已成为一种强大的近地空间环境探测手段.截至到目前,已经有20多颗发射的低轨道卫星带GPS掩星接收机,其中COSMIC是首个专门用于掩星探测的卫星星座.这些掩星数据被广泛应用于气象预报、气候与全球变化研究、及空间天气监测和电离层研究.由于COSMIC的成功,相关合作单位目前正积极推动COSMIC-2计划,该计划将总共有12颗卫星,于2016年与2019年各发射6颗.COSMIC-2将携带一个高级的GNSS掩星接收机,它将接受GPS与GLONASS信号,并具备接受其他可获得信号源的能力(如中国北斗定位信号),其每日观测的掩星数量将是COSMIC的4~6倍.同时COSMIC-2还将携带两个空间天气载荷,加强空间天气的监测能力.本文以COSMIC与COSMIC-2计划为主线,对掩星的发展历史、技术要点进行了简单介绍,并简要综述了COSMIC取得的部分科学成果,同时对未来包括技术发展和众多的掩星观测进行了展望. 相似文献
16.
Lake Bockwitz, a pit lake in a former lignite open-cast mine south of Leipzig (Germany), was neutralised (from pH 2.65 to pH 7.1) by addition of soda ash (14,620 t) from 2004 to 2007. The additions had to be continued due to ongoing inflows of acid ground and surface water. This paper reports on the changes in the plankton community accompanying the neutralisation.At the beginning, the community composition and biomass was comparable to other acidic pit lakes, i.e. the pigmented flagellates Chlamydomonas and Ochromonas dominated the autotrophs, and ciliates and rotifers were the top predators. The biomass was small (maximum 2 mg fresh weight per litre) and decreased until the end of 2008. With increasing pH, the autotrophic community became more diverse, whereby diatoms, chrysophyceans and blue greens contributed significantly to biomass. Although neutral pH conditions were achieved in autumn 2007, picocyanobacteria were not present until the end of 2008. In addition, crustaceans were under-represented in terms of biomass and diversity. Daphnids were not found. We attributed this to short-term changes of the ionic composition of the water and to the limited time available for non-acido-tolerant organisms to colonise the system. 相似文献
17.
Calculation of magnetic anomalies caused by 2D bodies of arbitrary shape with consideration of demagnetization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nick P. Kostrov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(1):91-115
Forward calculations of magnetic anomalies caused by two-dimensional bodies of any shape and magnetic properties may be performed either without considering demagnetization as in the equivalent source technique or taking demagnetization into account as in the volume integral equation (VIE) approach, in which, for this purpose, magnetized bodies are divided into a set of rectangular prismatic cells. Ignoring demagnetization may result in distortion of the shape and the amplitude of an anomaly, whereas rectangular cells may not be an optimal representation of the source. Moreover, an inaccurate form approximation in the VIE technique may lead to inconsistent results in the near-body region. In this paper, a method is proposed, based on the VIE approach but differing by applying triangular elementary cells. The method largely overcomes the above-mentioned limitations of the VIE technique. It allows us to delineate large and complex structures exactly and only requires the source to be divided into a few elementary cells to take demagnetization into account satisfactorily. These improvements have been attained through analytical calculation of the Green's function in the complex plane, using the theory of the Cauchy-type integral. Comparing numerical solutions with analytical solutions for homogeneous elliptic cylinders without remanence, the method is found to be consistent with the theory in the range of relative magnetic permeability of 2–20, not only far from but also at subcell distances from the body. The method is appropriate for modelling highly and inhomogeneously magnetized 2D bodies of any shape. It may be of value in interpreting underground measurements or topographic effects, as well as in modelling regional geomagnetic profiles, and it is also a convenient tool for testing questionable geological hypotheses. In the framework of the method, the gravitational anomaly for the same causative bodies can be easily calculated. However, at higher and geologically uncommon values of relative magnetic permeability, the algorithm may become unstable but may be stabilized with SVD regularization. The fact that discrepancies were found with the method employed is a basis for further research. 相似文献
18.
The nonlinearity of the relationship between CO2 flux and other micrometeorological variables flux parameters limits the applicability of carbon flux models to accurately estimate the flux dynamics. However, the need for carbon dioxide (CO2) estimations covering larger areas and the limitations of the point eddy covariance technique to address this requirement necessitates the modeling of CO2 flux from other micrometeorological variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used because of their power to fit highly nonlinear relations between input and output variables without explaining the nature of the phenomena. This paper applied a multilayer perception ANN technique with error back propagation algorithm to simulate CO2 flux on three different ecosystems (forest, grassland and cropland) in ChinaFLUX. Energy flux (net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat and soil heat flux) and temperature (air and soil) and soil moisture were used to train the ANN and predict the CO2 flux. Diurnal half-hourly fluxes data of observations from June to August in 2003 were divided into training, validating and testing. Results of the CO2 flux simulation show that the technique can successfully predict the observed values with R 2 value between 0.75 and 0.866. It is also found that the soil moisture could not improve the simulative accuracy without water stress. The analysis of the contribution of input variables in ANN shows that the ANN is not a black box model, it can tell us about the controlling parameters of NEE in different ecosystems and micrometeorological environment. The results indicate the ANN is not only a reliable, efficient technique to estimate regional or global CO2 flux from point measurements and understand the spatiotemporal budget of the CO2 fluxes, but also can identify the relations between the CO2 flux and micrometeorological variables.
相似文献19.
A novel solute-flux measuring technique has been developed and a limited but successful field study was carried out. The technique involves the emplacement of perspex columns containing ion-exchange resin into the soil to abstract the solute flux from soilwater flowing through the column. Column construction and emplacement procedures have been developed to minimise soilwater flow disturbance in and around soil-emplaced columns. Some disturbance must occur, however, the technique can be seen as a practical compromise which offers some improvement over conventional solute-flux measurement techniques.
The technique, using linear arrays of columns, was used to compare solute fluxes at two positions on a hillslope segment, underlain by Millstone Grit in the Pennines. Using a random-position technique for emplacement, consistent fluxes between downslope positions were separated from random lateral fluxes within locations at the same slope position. 相似文献
20.
首次将先进的无损检测NMRI成像技术引入煤层中气水两相运移的研究领域,将自主设计研制的、可同时改变围压、轴压和孔隙压的、非磁性聚碳酸酯材料制成的三轴渗透仪置于NMRI成像仪磁体腔中,通过气驱水和水驱气NMRI试验 实时观测了气水流动规律.主要以水驱气NMRI试验为例,详细介绍了核磁共振三轴渗透仪和型煤试件的研制,并重点阐述了水驱气试验过程和相关参数,利用NMRI技术实时观测得到了不同时间沿驱替方向型煤试件水平剖面的NMRI成像图,最后对试验结果进行了比较分析,揭示了一些新的规律认识：(1)水驱替前缘具有不一致性,从NMRI试验角度验证了前人甲烷类气体赋存形式主要以吸附在孔隙内表面为主的重要结论;(2)煤试件存在优势驱替路径,且这种优势路径在驱替过程中基本保持不变,水驱气的优势驱替路径易产生在煤试件边缘,即煤孔隙裂隙发育区;(3)水驱流量变化决定了水驱前缘的运移速度,且对水驱气效果具有滞后效应;(4)水驱气初次驱替效果好于二次驱替效果;(5)水驱替气的顺序为：主要大裂隙—周边裂隙—周边孔隙. 相似文献