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1.
预警地震在地震预测中的意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对新疆1970-2002年地震资料以不同范围、不同震级进行全时空扫描。结果表明，新疆台网监测能力较好地区绝大多数6级以上地震前地震活动关联图较为清晰。提出了预警地震的概念，认为预警地震在短临预报方面有一定的作用。 相似文献
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鉴于观测事实表明相隔很远的地震间,以及与相隔很远的前兆,可以有较好的同步性,因此对传统的孕震模式需要重新审议。当前的预报能力评分约为R=0.2—0.3,表明当前的预报确有客观规律的依据;但服务于社会,这样的精度远不能满足要求,这是地震预报工作面临的严峻问题。观測到大陆强震基本上都同时位在一些不同方向的屈曲变形带上,可以认为多种变形屈曲间的互锁是形成强震的必要条件,这为我们进一步建立新的大陆强震发生模式创造了条件。 相似文献
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回顾了2013年郭增建提出的基于地震活动性的"静中动"和后期与作者共同发展的"准静中动"方法,以1987年1月8日在甘肃南部迭部县发生的5.9级地震作为标志性的"准静中动"地震,结合国家地震局在1989年综合划定的1990—2000年南北地震带10年地震危险区,用中长期预测的时间尺度,指出了南北地震带北段三个未来可能发生6~7级地震的地区,其中一个就是四川省九寨沟地区。回顾分析中对"静中动"方法预测效能、存在的问题及一些中长期预测的问题进行讨论,得到两点认识:一是通过这次地震的再次验证,证明"静中动"方法是一种可行的预测地震的独立指标方法,在验证的基础上对该方法进行了优化认识;二是基于"静中动"方法与南北地震带北段10年地震危险区对应地震较为准确的启发,初步认为前兆可以划分为平静期的前兆与活跃期的前兆,而前者可能对于地震的预测意义更大,未来可以沿这一思路开展进一步的论证和研究。 相似文献
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2021年2月13日晚,日本福岛县近海发生M7.3级地震,产生强烈振动,此次地震被认为是"3.11"地震的余震。首先介绍了PLUM方法的原理及日本气象厅地震预警系统对于PLUM方法的应用,评述了JMA地震预警结果。通过模拟PLUM方法在此次地震中的表现,由预测精度和有效预警时间两个指标来评估该方法的性能,并与日本气象厅发布的预警信息对比。模拟结果显示:受限于地震数据以及PLUM方法本身的原理,在震后第24 s发出第一次警报,不及使用P波预警与PLUM相结合的JMA地震预警系统及时。在地震前期0~40 s处于烈度剧烈上升阶段,预测精度较差;40 s之后的预测结果较为准确,预测精度高达100%。PLUM方法可以有效克服点-源模型中的弊端,特别是在多个地震同时发生的情况下预警效果良好,将PLUM方法纳入我国地震预警系统可以有效提高预警能力。 相似文献
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地震活动性总体参量Rt及其在地震预测中应用的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
考虑到地震活动性综合分析在地震预测中的重要作用,提出一种地震活动性总体状态参量Rt。该参量由多项地震活动性预测因子构成,其中包括:地震频次、缺震、地震熵、b值和调制比,该参数描述了某时段内,多种地震活动性参量对正常状态的偏离。当Rt=1时,地震活动状态是稳定的,反之,当Rt<1时,则表明地震活动处于不同程度的不稳定态。文中对华北、东北和西北地区地震以及矿山地震的Rt值在强事件前后随时间的变化进行了研究,初步结果表明:在强震或较大矿震前Rt值明显偏离1。同时,对Rt值的地震预测效能进行了检验评估。 相似文献
7.
Pei-Yan Chen 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(2):181-191
In this paper, the relation that the curves of nonlinear parameter H and its difference ΔH bear with strong earthquakes in North China has been studied. First, the RSH algorithm has been applied to the North China
region; the schemes of six quantitative prediction indexes have been studied in detail and then tested by tracing-back predictions.
The result shows that all the six prediction schemes are of certain prediction efficiency and have passed the test. Among
the six schemes, A and E are of the best effect, with correlation coefficients R of 0.47 and 0.48 respectively. We recommend these two schemes for practical use in prediction in the future. Furthermore,
the relation between the curve of ΔH (the difference of H) and strong earthquake has been studied. Based on the above results, the RSΔH algorithm that uses the
ΔH value to predict strong earthquake has been put forward and applied to predict strong earthquakes in North China. The correlation
coefficient R of tracing-back prediction by this method is 0.45; this means that this method is also of better prediction efficiency. A
combined application of these two algorithms has also been proposed. By the combined method, the time length spanned by false
predictions can be shortened and thus the R value can be raised.
Contribution No. 96A0033, Institute of Geophysics, SSB, China.
This project sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
8.
对永胜6级地震的预报及依据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
2001年10月27日在云南永胜发生6.0级地震，震前四川省地震局有较准确的中期和短临预报，加强了川滇交界地区的地震监测预报工作，并且向四川省政府作了汇报，取得了明显的社会效益。经验性地震预报重视川滇菱形地块西界断裂带动态活动图像的分析，尤其对历史强震破裂空段附近出现的中小震活动带或新活跃区段的研究；同时，重视4级前震群、川滇交界地区地下水位、水温、形变观测异常的跟踪分析和震情预测。 相似文献
9.
Liu Pu-xiong Zheng Da-lin Che Shi Pan Huai-wen Liu Gui-ping Yang Li-ming 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(2):219-225
A great earthquake of M
S=8.1 took place in the west of Kunlun Pass on November 14, 2001. The epicenter is located at 36.2°N and 90.9°E. The analysis
shows that some main precursory seismic patterns appear before the great earthquake, e.g., seismic gap, seismic band, increased activity, seismicity quiet and swarm activity. The evolution of the seismic patterns
before the earthquake of M
S=8.1 exhibits a course very similar to that found for earthquake cases with M
S≥7. The difference is that anomalous seismicity before the earthquake of M
S=8.1 involves in the larger area coverage and higher seismic magnitude. This provides an evidence for recognizing precursor
and forecasting of very large earthquake. Finally, we review the rough prediction of the great earthquake and discuss some
problems related to the prediction of great earthquakes. 相似文献
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IntroductionMaximumentropyspectralmethod(MEM)(Burg,1972)hadbeenamethodusuallyusedinstudyingtheseismicityanditsmainpurposeistofindthedominantspectrainthelong-termseismicityprocessesinthepastyears(Zhu,1985).Inthispaper,themethodisappliedtostudywhethertherearesomespecialspectraofseismicityinsomespecificstagesinearthquake-generatingprocesses.Sowestudyseparatelythenormalandabnormalstageofearthquakeactivity,whoseactiveprocessisregardedasstablestochasticprocess,inordertofindtheirspectracharactersan… 相似文献
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This paper has introduced the method of self-similarity analysis of time series into the analysis and study of earthquake
sequence, and then researched its application in earthquake prediction. As parameter of earthquake time series, we can take
the cumulated sum of the numbers of equivalent earthquakesQ=ΣN*, the numbers of equivalent earthquakeN*, maximum magnitudeM
max, average magnitudeQ=ΣN*, and the difference ΔN* between the numbersN* in two adjacent time intervals. The given method may be applied to analysis of long-period seismic sequences in different
regions as well as to anlysis of seismic sequence in the aftershock region of strong earthquake. For making quantitative analysis
the coefficient of self-similarity of earthquake sequence in order of timeμs was introduced. The results of self-similarity analysis were obtained for the earthquake sequences in North China, West South
China, the Capital region of China, and for the East Yamashi region of Japan. They show that in period or half year to several
years beforeM⩾7.0 andM⩾6.0 earthquakes occurred in these regions separately, the self-similarity coefficientμs calculated by using the above-mentioned parameters had remarkably anamalous decrease variations. The duration time ofμs anomaly depends on the earthquake magnitude and may be different from different regions. Therefore, the self-similarity coefficient
in order of timeμs can be considered as a long-medium term precursory index.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 455–462, 1993. 相似文献
14.
城市建构筑物地震损失预测研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文提出了预测城市建构筑物在不同烈度下地震灾害损失的简易方法。首先分析了影响城市建构筑物抗震能力的3个因素——抗震设防情况、建筑年代和结构类型;然后提出了建构筑物抗震能力指数的概念,并确定了将上述3因素综合成建构筑物抗震能力指数的方法;最后利用“九五”期间所做的大中城市的震害预测结果统计回归出房屋抗震能力指数与地震灾害损失——人员伤亡、经济损失和震后恢复时间的关系。由此可以得到建构筑物在不同烈度下地震灾害损失的简易计算方法。 相似文献
15.
关于对青海地区强震综合预报的思考 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以一个青年地震工作者的认知程度分析了青海省地震活动特征、地震监测预报现状,并简要回顾了青海在地震预报方面获得的经验和教训及课题攻关的部分成果,着力分析了几次强震前地震活动图像的普适性和前兆异常的时间演化特征。基于青海地质构造复杂,强震频繁,台点稀疏且分布不合理的现状和特征,探讨了青海省强震综合预报开展的思路和方法,并以2000年9月12日兴海6．6级地震为例对某些思路及预报实践遇到的科学问题进行了分析。 相似文献
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According to geological tectonics and seismic activites this paper devided North China (30°–45°N, 105°–130°E) into four areas.
We analyzed the North China earthquake catalogue from 1970 to 1986 (from 1965 to 1986 for Huabei, the North China, plain region)
and identified forty-two bursts of aftershock. Seven of them occurred in aftershock regions of strong earthquakes and seventeen
of them in the seismic swarm regions. The relation between strong earthquakes with the remaining eighteen bursts of aftershocks
has been studied and tested statistically in this paper. The result of statistical testing show that the random probabilityp of coincidence of bursts of aftershock with subsequent strong earthquakes is less than six percent. By Xu’sR scoring method the efficacy of predicting strong earthquake from bursts of aftershock is estimated greater than 39 percent.
Following the method proposed in the paper we analyzed the earthquake catalogue of China from 1987 to June, 1988. The results
show that there was only one burst of aftershock occurred on Jan. 6, 1988 withM=3.6 in Xiuyan of Northeast China. It implicates that a potential earthquake withM
S⩽5 might occur in one year afterwards in the region of Northeast China. Actually on Feb. 25, 1988 an earthquake withM
S=5.3 occurred in Zhangwu of Northeast China. Another example is Datong-Yanggao shock on October 18, 1989 which is a burst
of aftershock. Three hours after an expected shock withM =6.1 took place in the same area. Two examples above have been tested in practical prediction and this shows that bursts
of aftershocks are significant in predicting strong earthquakes.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 273–280, 1991.
Part of earthquake catalogue is from Jinbiao Chen, Peiyan Chen and Quanlin Li. 相似文献
19.
根据 198 8年以来全国地震趋势会商会 (NMSC)所提出的各类地震学异常资料 ,研究每一年异常与下一年大陆地震的对应关系 .9a内 46种地震学方法所提出的93 2项异常资料表明 :在 1989～ 1993年间 ,用地震学预报地震方法的数量有一个增大过程 ;各种方法所提出的异常对应地震的比率在 0～ 48%之间 ,平均为 2 8%左右 ,这也与我国地震预报中预报区数的成功率相当 ;统计预报、区域应力场增强、地震条带、小震调制比和b值等方法有较高的地震对应率 ,而地震活动异常平静、分数维、异常震群、c值和地震窗等方法要差一些 ;用地震学方法预报地震最成功的年份为1989年 ,最差年份为 1990年 ;与预报区数的成功比率一样 ,其地震的对应比率并未随时间的推移而有所提高 .各种地震学方法的物理内涵及其与地震孕育的内在联系及各种地震学方法间相互关联问题是今后用地震学方法预报地震的研究课题 . 相似文献
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地震是一种自然现象,地震的发生遵循自然节律。前人曾将黄金分割法应用于地震发震时间的研究,个别学者将其应用于地震时空特征的分析。在多次尝试的基础上,发现将黄金分割法应用于兴安-东蒙块体M_L 5.0以上中强地震空间迁移特征的研究效果比较明显。按照时间先后顺序发生的3次中强地震,在一定空间范围内形成黄金三角,过结束地震和对边的黄金分割点构成了黄金分割线,该黄金分割线可能是未来地震的震中轨迹线,多条黄金分割线的交汇区域可能是未来地震的危险区;该方法预测未来地震在一年内发震的概率为86%,可以应用于中短期地震的预测;超过2年视为缺震黄金分割线,而多条缺震黄金分割线的交汇区可以应用于中长期地震危险区的判定。本文阐述了一种现象,造成这种迁移规律的物理机制和动力源有待于深入研究。但该方法的研究丰富了黄金分割理论在地震学中的应用,无疑为地震分析预报空间图像的研究提供了新思路。 相似文献