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《地震工程学报》2016,(Z1)
利用中国地壳运动观测网络和中国大陆构造环境监测网络GPS区域网观测资料,解算川滇地区1999—2007年、2009—2011年相对欧亚板块的水平速度场,并借助连续应变模型获得了川滇地区应变率场。通过分析汶川地震前后地壳水平运动速度场和应变率场的动态变化,得到:(1)水平相对运动与主应变场分布反映出在巴彦喀拉地块的东向推挤与华南地块的强烈阻挡下,龙门山断裂带长期的应力应变积累并突然释放导致了汶川大地震的发生;(2)发生大地震的龙门山断裂带在地震前应变量值并不显著,处于应变亏损状态,应变高值区主要集中在川滇菱形块体的东边界与北边界;(3)大地震的发生导致震源区及其周边应力应变剧烈调整,龙门山断裂带中南段显示出明显的应变增强态势,一定程度上反映了2013年芦山7.0地震发生前的应变背景累积信息。 相似文献
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张家口—渤海断裂带分段运动变形特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用张家口—渤海断裂带(张渤带)及其邻区1999—2007年的GPS观测数据, 研究了该区域现今地壳水平速度场特征。 运用最小二乘配置方法获得应变率场的空间分布特征, 根据区域地壳主应变率、 面膨胀率和最大剪切应变率等形变场的空间变化, 分析了张渤带各分段的形变特征。 结果表明: 相对于欧亚框架, 研究区内GPS速度场以SE方向运动为主; 应变场以NE方向的主压应变为主, 伴随着近NW方向的张性应变; 整个张渤带及其邻区的高剪切变形区主要位于河北香河、 文安以及唐山等三个地区。 利用跨断层GPS剖面分析得到张渤带以左旋走滑为主, 兼有挤压运动。 华北平原块体和燕山块体的相对运动是张渤带左旋走滑的直接动力来源, 而印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后继续向北的推挤作用则是张渤带运动变形的根本动力来源, 太平洋板块的作用相对较弱。 相似文献
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利用美国麻省理工学院的GAMIT／GLOBK数据处理软件,计算获得了山西GPS观测网2001—2003年观测点在ITRF2000框架下的运动速率,并扣除了欧亚板块的整体运动。在此基础上,根据距离加权的最小二乘估计法计算了该区在2001-2003年的水平主应变,有效地避免了三角均匀应变场计算方法易受点位分布及划分网格形式的影响。得到的应变率结果显示,在山西断陷带内部,大同和运城盆地拉张较为明显,太原一临汾盆地之间呈现出一定的挤压特征,表明了山西各盆地内部区域应力场的差异以及整体构造的不连续性。 相似文献
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本文以青藏高原东南缘南段1999—2017年的GPS速度场为主,结合小震分布、历史地震和活断层探测等资料,首先,基于Okada断层位错模型反演了研究区域主要活断层的滑动速率;其次,以断层滑动速率和GPS速度场观测资料作为约束,利用DEFNODE负位错方法反演了研究区域的块体内部变形及主要活断层的闭锁程度和滑动亏损;最后,计算研究区域现今应变率场,并结合Pms和XKS剪切波分裂结果,探讨分析了青藏高原东南缘的动力学特征.研究结果表明:(1)红河断裂带现今滑动速率明显低于南华—楚雄—建水断裂和无量山断裂;(2)红河断裂带的元江—元阳段、鹤庆—洱源段和小江断裂带北段处于强闭锁状态,南华—楚雄—建水断裂带和无量山断裂带中—北段的闭锁程度强于南段;(3)青藏高原东南缘南段现今地壳变形表现为近E-W向的拉张和近N-S向的挤压,最大剪切方向与Pms和XKS剪切波分裂的快波方向呈一定角度,表明地壳与地幔处于完全解耦状态,而中-下地壳低速层可能是壳幔解耦的主要原因之一;(4)青藏高原东南缘的整体变形受控于印度板块的推挤、印缅俯冲带的深源俯冲以及缅甸微板块与巽他板块的后撤/回退的共同作用. 相似文献
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基于2009—2014年渭河盆地及邻区GPS资料,利用Shen提出的连续形变场与应变场计算方法,获得渭河盆地及邻区的水平形变场及应变率场,结合构造地质、地震目录等资料对渭河盆地及邻区的现今地壳形变及构造特征进行研究,并得到如下结论:(1)鄂尔多斯地块南缘西段和东段GPS形变场变化差异明显,六盘山—陇县—宝鸡断裂带形变场以挤压变形为主,渭河盆地中部西安—咸阳地区的形变场呈现EW向挤压、SN向拉张特征;(2)主应变率、剪应变率、面应变率变化明显的区域位于鄂尔多斯地块西南缘的六盘山—陇县—宝鸡断裂带、渭河盆地中部的长安—临潼断裂与渭南塬前断裂以及韩城断裂与双泉—临猗断裂附近;(3)未来需要警惕六盘山—陇县—宝鸡断裂带、长安—临潼断裂与渭南塬前断裂以及韩城断裂与双泉—临猗断裂附近的地震危险性。 相似文献
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基于震源机制解和地应力测量资料,研究分析郯庐断裂带南段及其周边地区的应力场分布特征,并结合大地构造特征将该区域应力场分为3个子区域:郯庐断裂带西侧应力区、苏北断陷应力区和苏南隆起应力区。分区反演构造应力场结果显示:(1)郯庐断裂带以西区域和苏北断陷区水平方向受到NEE向的挤压作用,苏南隆起区水平方向受到近EW向的挤压作用;(2)郯庐断裂带以西区域水平方向受到的挤压作用方向介于苏北断陷区NEE向与苏南隆起区近EW向之间;(3)郯庐断裂带以东区域构造应力场为正断兼走滑机制,以西区域为走滑机制;(4)整个研究区域水平方向挤压应力自西向东呈放射状分布。 相似文献
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随着空间大地测量技术不断发展,GPS观测的地壳水平形变速度场精度也在不断提高,更加严密的GPS应变分析模型将有助于促进更高精度的地壳运动模型的构建.大地线长度与对应球面弧长之间的差异与纬度、经度变化均有关,并且与纬度变化影响最为显著,纬度越低,相应的椭球面效应约显著.本文在最小二乘配置模型的基础上进一步研究并推导了基于椭球坐标系的GPS应变分析模型,通过该模型进一步计算了青藏高原南部喜马拉雅构造带及阿萨姆构造结地区现今GPS应变分布.最大、最小主应变的显示喜马拉雅山脉中部的南北向压缩变形最强,西部次之,东部最弱.在印度板块的俯冲推挤作用下,喜马拉雅构造带内部地壳的变形过程并不统一.本文研究发现雅鲁藏布江缝合带与亚东—古鲁断裂带是该区域地壳水平形变的两条重要分界构造,雅鲁藏布江缝合带南部、亚东—古鲁断裂西侧的条带状地区可能是青藏南部吸收来自印度板块俯冲挤压作用的主要区域,最大剪应变分布及面膨胀值分布均表明亚东—古鲁断裂带是喜马拉雅构造带东西向拉伸变形过程中的一条重要的分界构造.沿喜马拉雅构造带分布的地壳剧烈变形区域集中分布在断裂以西,向东跨过该断裂的GPS应变场大幅减弱.青藏高原东南缘以阿萨姆构造结为中心的顺时针旋转变形存在旋转内、外圈层速度不一致现象,旋转速率由内向外逐渐增强. 相似文献
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位于青藏块体和华北块体之间的鄂尔多斯块体及其周缘地区是中国大陆构造活动最活跃的地区之一,从1300年至今,在块体周边断陷盆地和西南缘断裂带上发生了五次8级以上的地震.为了了解该地区现今地壳运动、应变状态以及断裂滑动分布,我们收集了中国大陆构造环境监测网络2009—2013年、国家GPS控制网、跨断陷盆地的8个GPS剖面等共527个流动站和32个连续站GPS观测数据,获得了高空间分辨率的地壳水平运动速度场,进一步用均匀弹性模型计算了应变率分布.结果表明,块体内部GPS站点向NEE方向运动,速度变化较小,应变率大多在(-1.0~1.0)×10~(-8)/a之间;山西断陷带构造运动与变形最为强烈,盆地相对于鄂尔多斯块体为拉张变形,应变率为(1.0~3.0)×10~(-8)/a,相对于东部山地则为挤压变形,应变率为(-2.0~-3.0)×10~(-8)/a,盆地西侧断裂(如罗云山断裂、交城断裂)以拉张运动为主,拉张速率为2~3mm·a-1,盆地东侧断裂主要以右旋缩短运动为主,速率为1~3mm·a-1;河套断陷带西部的临河凹陷处于较强的张性应变状态,应变率为(2.0~3.0)×10~(-8)/a;块体西南边缘处于压缩应变状态,应变率为(-1.0~-2.0)×10~(-8)/a,六盘山断裂存在明显的地壳缩短运动,速率约为2.1mm·a-1,速率在断裂附近逐渐减小,反映了断裂处于闭锁状态;相对于鄂尔多斯块体内部渭河断裂带为左旋运动,速率为1.0mm·a-1,盆地处在弱拉张变形状态. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献