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1.
通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、总氮含量(TN)和TOC/TN(C/N)值的测定,结合沉积岩芯AMS14C年代标尺,分析了中全新世以来呼伦湖沉积物有机碳埋藏速率随时间变化的趋势及有机质的来源,并探讨了影响呼伦湖有机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,中全新世以来呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率平均值约为2.06 g/(m~2·a),碳储量约为35.25 Tg C,且总体上呈现增加趋势.呼伦湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于外源输入,但近1000 a以来内源输入逐渐增加并占据优势.呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率与温度和降水均呈负相关,表明在长时间尺度上,升温及降水量的增加可能对呼伦湖的碳埋藏起到一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
2.
青海湖沉积碳酸盐矿物之间氧同位素分馏的评估及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海湖沉积岩芯的矿物学和稳定同位素研究结果显示自生碳酸盐矿物以单种或多种矿物形式保存在沉积物中;不同碳酸盐样品的δ18O值的变化范围为5.47‰至-1.04‰,差值最高达6.5‰;δ18O值与总碳酸盐含量呈正相关关系,与碳酸盐矿物种类的改变则无明显关联.结果表明,造成δ18O显著变化的主导因素是湖水氧同位素组成,自然条件下生成的不同碳酸盐之间的氧同位素分馏不明显.说明δ18O是指示闭流湖泊降水蒸发水量平衡变化的敏感指标之一. 相似文献
3.
通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源. 相似文献
4.
浮游生物是湖泊食物网的重要组成,其碳、氮稳定同位素能够反映元素地球化学循环和食物来源的波动,是了解水域生态系统结构变化的重要手段之一.本文选取云南4个不同类型湖泊,开展浮游生物碳、氮稳定同位素组成(δ13C、δ15N)的季节变化与湖泊对比研究.大型深水湖泊(抚仙湖和阳宗海)中,浮游植物δ13C值在夏、秋季(-20.34‰±1.98‰)显著高于冬、春季(-28.00‰±2.51‰),反映夏秋季藻类生长速率较高、HCO3-无机碳源利用增多等的影响.而小型浅水湖泊(长桥海和大屯海)中浮游植物δ13C值在夏季最高(-21.24‰±0.88‰),可能与雨季流域输入增强、陆源有机质占比增加有关.4个湖泊浮游生物δ15N值具有一致的变化特征,春季显著高于其他季节.分析表明,云南地区雨季以面源污染为主向旱季以点源污染为主的转变,导致氮素营养盐季节性来源差异,并通过生物吸收作用影响了浮游生物δ15N值的季节变化.在浮游动物与浮游植物的稳定同位素差值(即富集度)方面,营养水平高的小型浅水湖泊中δ13C富集度为1.61‰±0.90‰、δ15N富集度为2.71‰±1.22‰,显著小于营养水平低的大型深水湖泊(分别为2.60‰±0.98‰和4.19‰±1.25‰),表明随着湖泊营养水平的增加,浮游动物更多地以浮游植物为食,导致有机碳在不同营养级之间的传输过程中具有更强的耦合作用,且相邻营养级之间具有更低的δ15N富集度特征. 相似文献
5.
蓟县元古界碳酸盐岩的碳同位素变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
天津蓟县元古界剖面长城系碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值基本为负值,蓟县系大体在(0±1)‰的范围内,进入青白口系井儿峪组一般在(2±2)‰的正值.从串岭沟组到大红峪组(约1700～1600 Ma)碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值大约由-3‰变化到0‰,但大红峪组δ~(13)C值大幅度振荡.蓟县系地层碳同位素组成发生两次较大的变化,分别在杨庄组和雾迷山第三亚组之后.相当完整和连续的碳同位素记录反映了约 1700～800 Ma全球海水的δ~(13)C值长期变化趋势.发生在约1700～1600 Ma和<约 1300 Ma海水的δ~(13)C值升高及大幅度振荡可能是两次全球性构造事件的响应. 相似文献
6.
为探讨海南东部历史时期的气候环境变化,2015年于海南岛东海岸小海潟湖中采集了一根长73 cm的柱状样(XH15-02),在年代学(210Pb和AMS14C)测试的基础上,开展了多环境代用指标(总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳稳定同位素、干密度等)的测试和分析.结果表明,XH15-02柱状样TOC与TN含量有很好的相关性,C/N比值在10.41～23.33之间变化,有机碳稳定同位素(δ13Corg)值在-25.14‰～-23.29‰之间.通过对多气候环境代用指标的分析,以及与历史文献资料和其他自然代用指标的综合比对,认为XH15-02孔岩芯沉积记录了研究区过去1100多年来较为丰富的气候环境、台风活动以及人类活动影响等信息.近千年来,小海潟湖沉积有机物主要以陆源输入为主,据估算该岩芯有机碳陆生来源约占47.00%～73.43%,但在不同时期变化幅度较大,该陆源有机碳含量变化可能主要反映了历史时期海南东部地区的干湿变化历史;自1850年以来,XH15-02孔岩芯沉积通量的显著增加与当地人口的快速增长历史一致,反映了研究区近二百年来可能受到的人类对自然界的开发活动影响强烈;多个具有显著偏正δ13Corg记录的时期同史料记载以及周边区域地质记录中的"大风"、"海溢"、"风暴"等事件发生时间较为相近,可能揭示了历史时期的台风或高海平面事件,进而认为小海潟湖沉积在重建历史时期海南地区台风活动等方面具有很大潜力. 相似文献
7.
华南埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡期的有机碳同位素梯度和海洋分层 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世是地球历史上碳循环的重大波动期,但有关其成因和古环境意义仍存在很大分歧.为阐明这一问题,本文对华南晚埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世两条剖面进行了高分辨的碳同位素研究.在浅水相区九龙湾-季家坡剖面,晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组大部分δ13Corg值在δ29‰~δ24‰变化;而在深水相区龙鼻嘴剖面,大部分δ13Corg值在δ35‰~δ32‰.这些新的研究结果与华南埃迪卡拉纪δ早寒武世其他剖面发表的δ13Corg数据对比表明,δ13Corg在时间和空间上均存在着巨大变化,并受岩相的明显约束.在以碳酸盐岩为主的地层中,δ13Corg相对较高,通常大于δ30‰;而在黑色页岩和暗色硅质岩为主的地层中,δ13Corg相对较低,一般小于δ32‰.这种有机碳同位素组成的显著差异很难以存在巨大的溶解有机碳库(DOC)解释,我们认为不同微生物类群的贡献可能是导致这种差异的主要因素.浅水相样品中较高的δ13Corg值(δ30‰)与显生宙同位素变化相近,可能反映了光合作用为主的同位素分馏;而深水样品较低的δ13Corg值(δ32‰)可能反映了缺氧环境条件下化能自养或甲烷氧化微生物对有机质的重要贡献.这意味着在埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世之交扬子地台的海洋仍处于强烈分层状态,且氧化还原界面波动频繁. 相似文献
8.
碳氮稳定同位素示踪鄱阳湖流域蚌湖丰水期的氮污染 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
鄱阳湖边缘深水区是鄱阳湖水位上涨时扩散而成的低洼湖区,通过对其一典型边缘湖泊——蚌湖丰水期的氮浓度和同位素特征值的检测,分析这类洪泛湖泊在水位最高时期水体颗粒有机质及无机氮的氮同位素变化特征,并识别氮污染来源及转化途径.结果表明:6月悬浮颗粒有机质碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-26.7‰~-23.7‰,δ~(15)N:2.6‰~6.2‰)介于土壤有机质(δ~(13)C:-25.21‰±0.52‰,δ~(15)N:3.79‰±0.37‰)和水生植物的碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-28.8‰~-24.9‰,δ~(15)N:5.3‰~8.2‰)之间.7月相比于6月,降低的δ~(13)C(-27.6‰~-23.2‰)和升高的δ~(15)N(4.3‰~7.7‰)表明暴雨冲刷带来更多的周边陆地碎屑输入.无机氮在6月以铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为主要形态,7月以硝态氮(NO_3~--N)为主要形态.6月δ~(15)NH_4~+较负的特征值(-18.6‰±5.2‰)表明铵态氮主要来源于雨水,硝态氮(δ~(15)NO_3~-:1.4‰±3.0‰)主要来源于农业化肥和雨水.7月相比于6月,铵态氮和硝态氮的浓度和同位素值都大幅升高(分别升高了0.3和2倍,6‰和3‰),是暴雨冲刷陆地使农业化肥、城镇生活废水和畜禽养殖废水输入的结果.水生植物的δ~(15)N在7月(8.8‰±1.1‰)相比于6月(6.6‰±1.1‰)也升高了较多,是由于水生植物吸收了更高δ~(15)N废水无机氮的结果.通过颗粒有机质和无机氮的δ~(15)N分析可知,湖区水体氮的矿化作用和硝化作用较强,藻类对湖泊的内源氮贡献较弱,沿河湖的畜禽养殖在暴雨时对水域污染的威胁较大.本研究提供了洪泛湖泊氮污染治理的科学依据. 相似文献
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10.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(2)
分析了珠江口外两个短沉积柱状样的叶蜡正构烷烃单体稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C),讨论了它在揭示年代际尺度上流域环境变化的能力.长链正构烷烃主峰为C_(29)或C_(31),且表现出明显的奇数碳优势,说明这些烷烃主要来自维管束植物的叶蜡.所有的沉积样品中,C_(29)和C_(31)正构烷烃的δ~(13)C值在-28.8‰-31.2‰变化,这与珠江流域以C_3植物为主的陆地生态系统相吻合.两个沉积柱的δ~(13)C时间变化序列是相似的.从20世纪初期到70年代末这段时间都呈现出一个持续减小的趋势.但在随后的大约15年时间里,δ~(13)C值趋势反转,开始不断增大.在校正了大气CO_2浓度上升和δ~(13)Catm下降所带来的影响后,δ~(13)C_(29)记录基本上仍保留了上述变化规律,但在80年代δ~(13)C值的上升趋势表现得更加明显.通过与实测资料比较,我们认为,1980年之前δ~(13)C校正值的轻微减小趋势应该和珠江流域降水量的增加有关,之后的δ~(13)C值上升则很可能是受干旱气候条件以及人为森林砍伐的影响.因此,我们的结果表明,埋藏于珠江口外沉积物中的叶蜡正构烷烃可以很好地反映该流域在过去一个世纪里的气候变化和人类活动情况. 相似文献
11.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
15.
V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
16.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
17.
Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
18.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献
19.
Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
20.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献