共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 688 毫秒
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地表的断裂分布具有复杂的几何结构,分形几何学是定量研究断裂的复杂性和破碎性的一种数学方法。利用分维的方法,在比例尺为1:20万的安宁河断裂北段(西昌以北)的断裂分布图上,对断裂带各段的长度进行了测量,得到了各段的分形维值。测量结果冕宁大桥附近还有较大的维数(D_0=1.42),断裂北端维数值则相对较低(D_0=1.15),礼州一带和大桥一带相近(D_0=1.39)。作为断裂带的一个特征参数,分形维值与断裂带的力学性质、断裂运动、地震活动等有密切的关系。不同的力学环境中形成的断裂段有着不同的 D_0值:逆冲为主的断裂段 D_0值较低。在复杂断层背景上发展起来的活动走滑断层段有较高的 D_0值。 相似文献
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月球深部断裂是研究月球早期应力场演化和动力机制的一类重要构造.本文基于GRAIL月球重力数据计算了全月布格重力梯度,在此基础上对月球深部断裂进行了全球绘制,共识别月球深部断裂226条.计算了断裂的长度和走向等基本参数,断裂总长度达到37137 km,平均长度为164 km.统计月球深部断裂在不同范围内的分布情况,发现多数断裂分布在月球的中低纬度地区,且北半球的断裂多于南半球.此外,大型月海集中区所在的纬向带断裂分布最多,断裂经向分布最多的区域为风暴洋的西侧.从全球尺度和不同经纬度带绘制断裂走向玫瑰花图,总体上月球全球尺度上的深部断裂表现出NE-SW和NW-SE的优势走向,不同经度带断裂的优势走向变化不明显,但在纬度带上有显著的变化.南北半球的中纬度带和高纬度带具有相同的优势走向,分别为NE-SW和NW-SE、E-W,在低纬度带的优势走向有所差异,分别是南半球的NE-SW和NW-SE以及北半球的N-S. 相似文献
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基于海南省地震台网2000～2013年的区域地震波形数据,用剪切波分裂系统分析方法（SAM）获得了海南琼东北部地区“九五”数字台网中2个台站的剪切波分裂参数。结果表明,快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向。七星岭台NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力场方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性;青山岭NNE向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NNE走向断裂的构造意义。同时,本研究证实,位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向,与对所选用的小地震起控制作用的活动断裂走向一致,并且快剪切波偏振优势方向较为离散,反映了该区域复杂的断裂构造和应力分布特征。 相似文献
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基于海南省地震台网2000~2013年的区域地震波形数据,用剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)获得了海南琼东北部地区"九五"数字台网中2个台站的剪切波分裂参数。结果表明,快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向。七星岭台NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力场方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性;青山岭NNE向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NNE走向断裂的构造意义。同时,本研究证实,位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与对所选用的小地震起控制作用的活动断裂走向一致,而快剪切波偏振优势方向较为离散则反映了该区域复杂的断裂构造和应力分布特征。 相似文献
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2002年3月3日大桥水库诱发了Ms4．6级水库地震，其发震构造是安宁河东支断裂近傍具有正断层性质的一个分支断裂。据大桥台网7年多库区地震观测事件记录，地震空间分布上水体附近有一个明显的活跃过程，大坝上游发生小震群，大坝下游发生主震序列。地震的震源深度在蓄水前后有明显变化。4．6级地震的震源机制解的主压应力轴方位和倾角与大多数活动断裂上的地震有明显的差别，主压应力轴的倾角与其它的水库地震相比也存在较大差别。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
断裂本身不能作为好的油气圈闭,沿断裂带垂向运移的烃类流体必须要向两盘砂体侧向分流,进入合适的储集空间才能够最终聚集成藏.但目前对于断裂-砂体耦合的复式输导体系研究相对较少,无法合理解释油田勘探中断裂两盘或断裂同一盘不同砂层之间油气富集程度差异较大的原因,成为制约目前断陷盆地油气精细勘探的"瓶颈".本文在断裂-砂体平面、剖面配置类型系统分析的基础上,阐述了断裂-砂体耦合运移油气的机理,并系统总结了7方面影响油气侧向分流的因素:盖层、断裂及砂体优势运移通道、断裂带诱导裂缝的发育程度、断裂-砂体接触面积、断裂和砂体间渗透率差异、砂体层间非均质性和砂体是否存在泄水通道.最后指出了目前断裂-砂体耦合侧向分流油气研究中存在的3方面主要问题和发展趋势. 相似文献
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通过密集测点和跨断裂测线土壤气体地球化学野外流动观测,获取了雄安新区土壤气体Rn、CO2和Hg浓度的区域背景场资料及跨断裂剖面分布特征。结合Q-Q图频率统计法和Kriging插值对雄安新区土壤气体地球化学背景进行综合分析发现,雄安新区断裂来源土壤气体Rn、CO2和Hg的浓度高值呈串珠状聚集于牛东断裂、牛东分支断裂1、牛东分支断裂2、容城断裂和徐水—大城断裂沿线,表明这5条断裂可能是研究区较为活动的断裂带,根据气体浓度高值优势方向及城市活断层探测结果,进一步限定了各断裂的空间展布态势。各活动断裂不同段气体浓度相对强度的计算结果显示,新区断裂活动性由东南向西北方向递减,牛东分支断裂2的活动性最强,其Rn浓度相对强度高于首都圈地区的18条主要活动断裂。由于观测范围的局限性,各活动断裂不同段土壤气体浓度相对强度并无明显差异。 相似文献
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通过对山西数字地震台网2000年6月—2012年12月的波形记录资料的分析, 使用剪切波分裂系统分析方法, 即SAM综合分析方法, 获得了山西地区18个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明: 位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与活动断裂的走向基本一致; 个别距离断裂较远的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与震源机制解及GPS主压应变方向完全一致; 少数位于几条断裂交汇处的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向则较为复杂, 与活动断裂的走向和GPS主压应变方向均不一致, 反映了该地区断裂背景和应力分布特征的复杂性. 相似文献
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We present new in situ observations of systematic asymmetry in the pattern of damage expressed by fault zone rocks along sections of the San Andreas,
San Jacinto, and Punchbowl faults in southern California. The observed structural asymmetry has consistent manifestations
at a fault core scale of millimeters to meters, a fault zone scale of meters to tens of meters and related geomorphologic
features. The observed asymmetric signals are in agreement with other geological and geophysical observations of structural
asymmetry in a damage zone scale of tens to hundreds of meters. In all of those scales, more damage is found on the side of
the fault with faster seismic velocities at seismogenic depths. The observed correlation between the damage asymmetry and
local seismic velocity structure is compatible with theoretical predictions associated with preferred propagation direction
of earthquake ruptures along faults that separate different crustal blocks. The data are consistent with a preferred northwestward
propagation direction for ruptures on all three faults. If our results are supported by additional observations, asymmetry
of structural properties determined in field studies can be utilized to infer preferred propagation direction of large earthquake
ruptures along a given fault section. The property of a preferred rupture direction can explain anomalous behavior of historic
rupture events, and may have profound implications for many aspects of earthquake physics on large faults. 相似文献
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The Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene Shirahama Group of south Izu, Japan, is a sequence of volcanielastic shallow-sea sediments and subaqueous lava flows. It is gently warped with indistinct preferred orientation and is cross-cut by many andesitic intrusive bodies which range in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters. The intrusive bodies exhibit various shapes and weak preferred orientation, and often have hyaloclastic and peperitic textures along their peripheries. Hydrothermally altered and chaotically disturbed zones of host rocks also occur along the contacts. The areas where the intrusive bodies are abundant are almost coincident with the areas where the more inclined beds and synsedimentary faults are developed. The intrusive bodies dragged the surrounding beds with or without synsedimentary faults. Some intrusions occurred along the faults. Conjugate sets of the faults indicate that they were produced under unstable stress conditions. These relationships between the beds and the intrusive bodies are assumed to have originated mostly by interaction between hot magma and poorly consolidated wet sediments at a shallow depth beneath the sea floor. When the intrusions took place, the stress conditions in the beds were irregular and unstable, judging from the shapes and orientation of the intrusive bodies, and also from the deformation characteristics of the enclosing beds. Some of the intrusive bodies are probably feeder dikes which supplied lave to the Shirahama Group. 相似文献
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B. G. Gavrilov Yu. I. Zetzer V. I. Kurkin I. E. Markovich Yu. V. Poklad M. Parrot I. A. Ryakhovskii V. V. Yakim 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2012,48(4):354-362
Variations in the geomagnetic and electric fields and variations of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere recorded
in the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) during the expeditions in 2009 and 2010 are analyzed. Synchronous bursts in the geomagnetic
field on the ground and in the ionosphere, which are caused by propagation of electromagnetic disturbances (spherics) generated
by the remote lightning discharges, are revealed. The analysis of the occurrence frequency of the electromagnetic disturbances
at an altitude of ∼700 km shows that there is a preferred region of predominant propagation of these disturbances from the
Earth-ionosphere waveguide to the upper ionosphere. When the ionospheric penetration point moves through this preferred region,
the frequency spectrum of TEC variations changes, and the northern boundary of the region of spectral alteration is located
at ∼54°N. The bursts in TEC that map on the zones of the main faults in the Tunka valley are identified. The results probably
suggest a relation between the electromagnetic phenomena in the ionosphere and the structures in the lithosphere. 相似文献
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川西地区地壳形变和断层位移活动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大地测量资料的分析表明，川西地区的地壳形变和断层位移活动沿着已发展成为块体边界线的鲜水河断裂带—安宁河断裂带—则木河断裂带表现为最强，两侧块体内的断裂活动相对次之。区内的现今形变活动趋势仍继承着晚第四纪以来新构造活动的格局，地震形变是现今形变的最佳表现，断层位移活动具有显著的不均匀性。 相似文献
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Analyses are presented of anion chemistry and sulphur isotopic compositions of sulphate in sinking streams and groundwaters in a mixed allogenic–autogenic karst catchment. Using the sulphur isotopic data, sources of sulphate from agriculture and the effects of sulphate reduction arising from slurry application can be distinguished from natural rock weathering sources. Within the aquifer, sulphate in known autogenic waters has isotopic compositions distinct from allogenic waters, the autogenic waters being dominated by sulphate from rainfall and rock weathering in these low agricultural intensity catchments. On this basis, water rising at low flow from Whirlpool Rising, Speedwell Cavern, has been identified as dominantly autogenic. Groundwater flow between the sinks and risings in Speedwell Cavern is believed to be along conduits following mineralized faults (rakes). During transit SO42−/Cl− in the water increases. Isotopic mass balance shows that this must be due to addition of sulphate from the oxidation of ore minerals by groundwater. Mass balance considerations show that the present rate of sulphide oxidation must be the result of enhancement by lead mining operations on the rakes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了研究吉兰泰断陷盆地周缘断裂带气体排放及其对断层活动性的指示意义,在盆地周缘4条活动断裂上布设了5条土壤气测量剖面和1条电磁测量剖面,观测了土壤气中Rn,Hg和CO2的浓度、释放通量和地电阻率,对各测量剖面进行了土壤化学组分分析,计算得到了断层活动性相对指数KQ。研究结果显示:土壤气体CO2和Rn受渗透性较低的粉砂土阻挡,主要沿结构破碎的断层上盘逃逸,并形成浓度高峰;吉兰泰盆地南缘土壤气Rn,Hg和CO2的浓度和释放通量最高,可能与盆地西南缘花岗岩中U和Ra的运移以及盆地南缘碳酸盐岩的分解有一定的关系。各测量剖面的断层活动性相对指数KQ值的变化特征表明,正断层和逆断层的KQ值大于走滑断层,且巴彦乌拉山山前断裂上的KQ值最高,揭示其活动性最强,有可能是地震发生的潜在危险区。 相似文献
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In order to provide a basis for the earthquake resistance protection zoning of Anshan City, westudied the activity of faults. In the study, the synthetic geophysical prospecting techniqueswere used. These techniques include the shallow artificial earthquake method, electric method,geologic radar method, etc., with shallow artificial earthquake sounding as the main means.In the meantime, the data of geophysical prospecting and borehole record of this city werecollected and the methods of field investigation and sample age dating were also used incombination. The results show that there are 5 hidden or semi-hidden faults in Anshon City.Among these faults, Dashitou-Songsantai fault, Ningyuantun fault and Dayangqi fault trendNW, the middle Pleistotene Tanggangzi fault trends NE, while the early Pleistocene or Pre-Quaternary Ertaizi fault trend NW. According to the definition of active faults, none of thesefaults is active. This paper also discussed the cause for the formation of seriously damagedareas in Ans 相似文献