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通过对汶川地震中170个调查点的震害指数进行统计分析,得到了从Ⅵ度到Ⅺ度中各个烈度区内的平均震害指数值和方差,结果表明在Ⅶ到X度区平均震害指数与烈度表基本相符,分析了Ⅵ度区和Ⅺ区内平均震害指数偏高和偏低的原因,指出前者主要因为调查点分布的原因,而后者则可能还受到该烈度区大小划分的影响.在断层距50 km内震害指数高、离... 相似文献
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以2020年1月19日伽师M S6.4地震现场烈度调查结果为基础,综合余震分布、发震构造及仪器烈度值等研究成果,确定了本次地震的烈度分布。此次地震极震区烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),Ⅵ度(6度)区及以上总面积为7599 km 2。分析各个烈度区内不同结构房屋的震害,结果表明,震害较重房屋主要是由于这些房屋年久失修,施工质量不高,缺乏必要的抗震措施等自身原因造成的,其中没有抗震措施的砖木结构房屋是震害主体。随着新疆地区农村房屋的抗震性能提高,在以后的地震烈度调查中,需要现场调查人员依据不同结构房屋的破坏等级及平均震害指数等参数综合判定调查点的烈度值,在没有明显震害的低烈度区,仪器烈度值将会成为烈度图绘制的重要依据。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(2)
康定县地处我国四川西北部,藏族人口约占70%,康定地区抗震设防烈度为IX度。该地区有大量的藏式片石房屋、穿斗木结构,同时,有砌体房屋和框架(剪)房屋。在四川康定6.3级地震中不同结构类型房屋破坏程度差异巨大。通过对震区3个区域17个居民点的调查,本文统计了震区不同结构类型房屋的比例及分布,并对各种结构类型建筑的构造方式、造价、震害特点以及平均震害指数进行调查和统计分析。结果表明,藏式居民因地理条件所限就地取材,多采用片石和木构架混合承重的片石结构的抗震性能较差,在不同烈度区都有程度不同的震害。穿斗木结构、设防砌体结构和框架(剪)结构在此次地震中表现出了良好的抗震性能。本文在分析不同建筑震害特点的同时对今后藏式房屋的建造方式给出了初步建议。 相似文献
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西北地区农村民房现状及抗震技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在对西北地区农村民房实地调研的基础上,根据承重结构、建筑材料和工艺的不同,将其划归为生土墙体承重房屋、砖砌墙体承重房屋、木构架承重房屋和混合承重房屋.研究表明.不同类型房屋分布具有明显的区域性和年代特征,抗震性能差异较大,但均存在不同程度的地震安全问题;提高西北地区农村民房的抗震能力,需要加快实施农居地震安全工程,加快... 相似文献
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2020年5月18日巧家县发生5.0级地震，结合震区背景信息和现场调查，详细阐述此次地震烈度分布和房屋震害特征，并计算各类结构房屋的震害指数和破坏比。调查发现，本次地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度，长轴呈NW向，与灾区地震地质构造背景、仪器烈度分布具有较好的一致性。对比分析本次地震与昭通地区、云南其他地区近年来大小相近的历史地震Ⅵ度区震害指数，结果表明，本次地震房屋震害指数相较于昭通其他地区明显偏低，但比云南其他地区偏高。分析认为，近年来巧家县各项房屋改造工程切实提高了当地房屋抗震水平，但仍需加强房屋改造建设，尤其是加快推进老旧房屋拆除及新房建设工作，进一步提升房屋抗震能力。 相似文献
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续发性地震震害损失评估方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过伽师地震震害损失评估的实践总结,认为对续发性地震的损失评估,尤其对量大面广的建筑物的损失评估采用震害损失率相减的方法,其结果与前面的地震损失率具有可比性,通过对不同评估方法的比较,认为震害损失率相减法快速,准确,易于操作,给出了新疆地区不同烈度下土木结构房屋的震害损失率,其取值范围为：Ⅺ度区为７０－４６％;Ⅷ度区为４５－２９％;Ⅶ度区为２８％－１３％;Ⅵ度区为１２－６％,Ⅴ度区为５％以下。 相似文献
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在预评估地震影响范围的基础上,通过对2019年10月28日夏河5.7级地震进行现场震害调查、灾情分析,绘制出地震烈度图并得出此次地震的震害特征。结果表明:此次地震最高烈度为Ⅶ度(7度),该区面积为193 km~2,Ⅵ度(6度)区面积为1 398 km~2;震区范围内,房屋类型大多数为木构架承重的土木结构,极震区多数房屋外层土墙开裂、坍塌较为严重,但承重木构架出现轻微倾斜和局部破坏现象,无完全倒塌房屋;震区内大多数寺庙基本完好,个别寺庙部分墙体有轻微裂缝;沿着断裂带展布方向,灾情呈现带状分布特征;震区半山腰上的建筑物灾情较为严重,山体放大效应和边坡效应明显。根据对地震灾害特征的分析,提出了增强房屋抗震性能、合理选址,加强防震减灾知识宣传教育等建议。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献