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Although seismic isolation rubber bearings in bridges and buildings have proven to be a very effective passive method for reducing earthquake‐induced forces, a detailed mechanical modeling of the rubber that is used in bearings under large strains has not been established. Therefore, a 3D model of failure behavior and the design criteria for the safety evaluation of seismic isolation bearings have not yet been developed. This paper presents: (1) correlation‐based template‐matching algorithms to measure large strain fields of continua; (2) a failure criterion for rubber; and (3) the design criteria for the safety evaluation of laminated algorithms, data‐validation algorithms were developed and implemented to eliminate possible unrealistic displacement vectors present in the measured displacement field. The algorithms were successfully employed in the strain field measurement of LRB and rubber materials that are subjected to failure. The measured local strains for rubber material at failure were used to develop a failure criterion for rubber. The validity of the proposed criterion was evaluated by applying it to the LRB; the criterion was introduced into a 3D finite element model of LRB, compared with the experimental results of bearings failure, and verified. Finally, design criteria are proposed for LRB for the safety evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为评估隔震和非隔震支座对桥梁地震易损性的影响,以一座3跨连续混凝土箱梁桥为分析对象,首先建立采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座与非隔震型盆式橡胶支座下桥梁的数值模型,求得不同程度地震作用下墩顶与支座的最大位移响应;再定义转角延性比损伤指标,结合支座剪应变,分析桥墩和支座的地震易损性情况;最后通过宽界限法建立全桥地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明,支座是较容易发生损坏的构件,而桥梁系统比桥墩或支座更易发生破坏,同时铅芯橡胶支座的破坏概率明显低于非隔震型盆式支座,可见采用隔震支座能有效减小桥墩墩顶在地震作用下的最大位移,此时桥墩地震易损性优于采用非隔震支座的情况。 相似文献
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研究了SMA(shape memory alloy)绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的工作原理,将结构控制理论中的结构状态空间法应用到该复合支座隔震结构的数值模拟分析中。建立了普通框架、安装叠层橡胶支座和安装SMA复合支座框架的结构状态方程,应用SIMULINK工具箱建立结构仿真模型,得出不同条件下框架结构的时程反应曲线。通过对比分析可以看出SMA-复合支座能很好地改变结构的隔震效果,应用状态空间法进行SMA-复合支座隔震结构的数值模拟分析简单准确。 相似文献
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Investigation of the seismic response of high‐rise buildings supported on tension‐resistant elastomeric isolation bearings 
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下载免费PDF全文 In many applications of seismic isolation, such as in high‐rise construction, lightweight construction, and structures with large height‐to‐width aspect ratios, significant tension forces can develop in bearings, raising concerns about the possible rupture of elastomeric bearings and the uplift of sliding bearings. In this paper, a novel tension‐resistant lead plug rubber bearing (TLRB) with improved tension‐resisting capabilities is developed and experimentally and numerically assessed. This TLRB consists of a common lead plug rubber bearing (LRB) and several helical springs. After describing the theory underlying the behavior of the TLRB, the mechanical properties of reduced‐scale prototype bearings are investigated through extensive horizontal and vertical loading tests. The test results indicate that TLRBs can improve the shear stiffness and tension resistance capacity even under significant tensile loads. A series of shaking table tests on scaled models of high‐rise buildings with different aspect ratios were conducted to investigate the dynamic performance of the TLRB and the seismic responses of base‐isolated high‐rise buildings. Three different cases were considered in the shaking table tests: a fixed base condition and the use of TLRB and LRB isolation systems. The results of the shaking table test show that (a) base‐isolated systems are effective in reducing the structural responses of high‐rise buildings; (b) an isolated structure's aspect ratio is an important factor influencing its dynamic response; (c) TLRBs can endure large tensile stresses and avoid rupture on rubber bearings under strong earthquakes; and (d) the experimental and numerical results of the responses of the models show good agreement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(4):100171
A design procedure for improving the seismic performance of unequal-span underground structures by installing isolation devices at the top end of columns is proposed based on the seismic failure mode of frame-type underground structures and the design concept of critical support columns. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for a soil-underground structure with an unequal-span interaction system was established to shed light on the effects of a complex subway station with elastic sliding bearings (ESB) and lead rubber bearings (LRB) on seismic mitigation. It was found that the stiffness and internal force distribution of the underground structure changed remarkably with the installation of isolation devices at the top end of the columns. The constraints of the beam-column joints were significantly weakened, resulting in a decrease in the overall lateral stiffness and an increase in the structural lateral displacement. The introduction of the isolation device effectively reduces the internal force and seismic damage of the frame column; however, the tensile damage to the isolation structure, such as the roof, bottom plate, and sidewall, significantly increased compared to those of the non-isolation structure. Although the relative slip of the ESB remains within a controllable range under strong earthquake excitation as well as frame columns with stable vertical support and self-restoration functions, the LRB shows a better performance during seismic failure and better lateral displacement response of the unequal-span underground structure. The analysis results provide new ideas and references for promoting the application of seismic isolation technology in underground structures. 相似文献
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以一座典型山区非规则梁桥为研究对象,建立了该桥梁多维多点激励下的多自由度动力计算模型,研究了该桥梁在多维多点激励下考虑支座摩擦滑移及结构碰撞等非线性因素时的抗震性能。研究结果表明:相比一维地震输入,多维地震可使结构的动力响应增加,桥墩底部弯矩需求增大;相比一致激励,多点激励可使得支座的位移需求增大,且地震波最后到达的桥墩上方支座位移最大;同时考虑多点激励和碰撞效应可使桥墩的弯矩需求增加;水平地震作用下,矮墩上部的支座容易滑动,且双向地震较单向地震更明显,三向地震输入较双向有所增强。因此,对山区非规则梁桥进行抗震设计时应有针对性地进行多维多点地震输入计算,找出结构的最大地震需求,以期指导设计。 相似文献
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为进一步评估隔震曲线梁桥在地震激励下的抗震性能,从地震易损性角度出发并兼顾考虑地震激励方向对其易损性的影响。利用APDL建立采用板式橡胶支座的隔震曲线梁桥有限元模型,从PEER中选取同一地震事件中的近断层地震动,按规范规定比例输入水平双向地震动进行非线性动力时程分析,结合地震响应与损伤指标计算得到各构件地震易损性曲线;考虑地震激励方向的变化,通过MATLAB编程绘制得到桥梁结构构件(桥墩与支座)以及整体系统的地震易损性曲面,分析探讨地震激励方向对隔震曲线梁桥易损性的影响。结果表明：不同极限状态下各桥墩切向损伤条件概率明显大于其径向,各支座的切向与径向易损性相差不大,但仍是各支座的切向易损性略大于径向易损性;桥梁各构件(桥墩与支座)切向易损性对地震激励方向均表现出很强依赖性,而径向易损性对其的依赖性相对较弱,且伴随损伤等级的提高,构件易损性对地震激励方向更加敏感;桥梁整体系统易损性对地震激励方向的变化不太敏感,且因各构件响应之间的相关性较高,其系统易损性更接近于易损性最大的构件——易损性下限;当进行隔震曲线梁桥抗震性能评估时,应考虑不同地震激励方向对其地震易损性的影响,从而使得易损性分析... 相似文献
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A finite element model is constructed for a sliding friction bearing in a seismically isolated bridge under vertical excitation with contact/friction elements. The effects of vertical excitation on the seismic performance of a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings and different bearing friction coefficients and different stiffness levels (pier diameter) are discussed using example calculations, and the effects of excitation direction for vertical excitation on the analysis results are explored. The analysis results shows that vertical excitation has a relatively large impact on seismic performance for a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings, which should be considered when designing a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings where vertical excitation dominates. 相似文献
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组合基础隔震结构双向地震反应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用双向耦合恢复力模型模拟组合隔震系统中隔震支座的双向耦合效应,对组合基础隔震结构进行了单向和双向地震反应对比分析,分析表明在水平双向地震作用下结构各层的加速度反应较小,隔震层的层间位移较大,而上部结构的层间位移较小,并且在水平双向地震作用下,支座的最大位移明显大于单向地震作用时支座的最大位移,因而应考虑水平双向地震作用对组合基础隔震结构地震反应和隔震支座性能的影响。 相似文献
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基于动力学基本原理,建立非规则桥梁的多自由度动力简化模型,根据拉格朗日方程推导简化模型的动力方程,结合龙格—库塔方法,采用自编程序研究行波激励下非规则桥梁综合考虑支座摩擦滑移、结构碰撞等非线性因素作用时的抗震性能。结果表明,行波效应和碰撞效应的共同作用可使矮墩的弯矩需求增大;行波激励可使板式橡胶支座位移增大,地震波最后到达的桥墩其上方支座位移峰值增加最为明显;相比高墩,地震作用下矮墩上部的板式橡胶支座易发生滑动。因此非规则桥梁进行防碰撞设计时应考虑行波激励及支座摩擦,找出相邻结构的最大碰撞力,以指导设计。 相似文献
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Comparison of fundamental properties of new types of fiber‐mesh‐reinforced seismic isolators with conventional isolators 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 New types of fiber‐reinforced rubber‐based seismic isolators have been a research interest for a number of engineers in the past decade. These new types of isolators can have similar seismic performances compared with the conventional ones. In most of the previous researches, the fiber‐reinforced rubber‐based isolators is usually manufactured with placing fiber sheets between precut rubber layers with the use of a bonding agent. This research differs from the previous researches in terms of manufacturing process, use of fiber mesh instead of fiber sheets, and use of lead in the core for some of the bearings. The aim of this research is to provide comparisons in fundamental seismic response properties of the new type of fiber mesh reinforced isolators and conventional isolators. In this scope, four pairs of fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearings and four pairs of steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings are subjected to various levels of compression stresses and cyclic shear strains under constant vertical pressure. The tested types of isolators are fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearing, fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearing with lead core, steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings, and steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings with lead core. In this research, steel‐reinforced bearings are called conventional isolators. The major advantage for fiber mesh reinforced bearings observed during the tests is that these isolators can develop a considerable low horizontal stiffness compared with the conventional isolators. The damping characteristics of the new and conventional types are similar to each other. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Response of hybrid isolation system during a shake table experiment of a full‐scale isolated building 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Keri L. Ryan Taichiro Okazaki Camila B. Coria Eiji Sato Tomohiro Sasaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2214-2232
A full‐scale 5‐story steel moment frame building was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations using the E‐Defense shake table in August, 2011. For one of the test configurations, the building was seismically isolated by a hybrid system of lead‐rubber bearings and low friction roller bearings known as cross‐linear bearings, and was designed for a very rare 100 000‐year return period earthquake at a Central and Eastern US soil site. The building was subject to 15 trials including sinusoidal input, recorded motions and simulated earthquakes, 2D and 3D input, and a range of intensities including some beyond the design basis level. The experimental program was one of the first system‐level full‐scale validations of seismic isolation and the first known full‐scale experiment of a hybrid isolation system incorporating lead‐rubber and low friction bearings. Stable response of the hybrid isolation system was demonstrated at displacement demands up to 550 mm and shear strain in excess of 200%. Torsional amplifications were within the new factor stipulated by the code provisions. Axial force was observed to transfer from the lead‐rubber bearings to the cross‐linear bearings at large displacements, and the force transfer at large displacements exceeded that predicted by basic calculations. The force transfer occurred primarily because of the flexural rigidity of the base diaphragm and the larger vertical stiffness of the cross‐linear bearings relative to the lead‐rubber bearings. 相似文献
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Two models are tested on a shake‐table. One of the models is a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure and the other is a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure in which the laminated rubber bearings are placed between the major frame and the minor frames. Two earthquake motions (the El Centro wave and the Taft wave) are used during the test. This paper presents the dynamic characteristic, the seismic responses and the failure mechanism of these two models under varying peak acceleration levels for each of the earthquake motions. The test results demonstrate that the aseismic behavior of a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure is much better than that of a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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组合基础隔震在建筑工程中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
隔震作为一种新的抗震技术,已广泛应用于新建和加固的建筑工程,同时,许多新型式的支座得到了开发和应用。组合基础隔震是一种新的隔震设计思想,能充分应用不同类型隔震支座的特性,有效降低上部结构地震反应。本文介绍了组合基础隔震在某一工程中的应用,工程中使用的支座包括普通橡胶隔震支座、铅芯橡胶隔震支座和弹性滑板支座三种类型,对全部使用支座进行了常规检测,结构计算采用等效线性法、能量包络法和时程反应分析等方法,计算结果表明:组合基础隔震能有效降低上部结构的反应,隔震层的变形控制在安全范围之内。 相似文献
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铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构双向地震反应分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文对铅芯叠层橡胶支座双向耦合恢复力模型进行了改进，采用基础隔震结构动力分析程序DABIS对铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构进行了单向及双向地震反应对比分析。结果表明，在单向和双向地震作用下，基础隔震结构的加速度反应和位移反应较为接近，但在双向地震作用下，支座的最大位移明显大于单向地震作用时的支座最大位移，因而在确定支座最大位移时应考虑双向地震作用的影响。 相似文献
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This paper presents the preliminary research works on a potential seismic isolation method that makes use of scrap rubber tires for the protection of low‐to‐medium‐rise buildings. The method involves mixing shredded rubber tire particles with soil materials and placing the mixtures around building foundations, which provides a function similar to that of a cushion. Meanwhile, the stockpiling of scrap tires is a significant threat to our environment, and the engineering community has been looking for long‐term viable solutions to the recycling and reuse of rubber. A finite element program has been developed for modeling the time‐domain dynamic responses of soil–foundation–structure system, by which the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method have been evaluated. In general, the structural responses, in terms of acceleration and inter‐story drift, can be reduced by 40–60%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011 has led the nuclear community to consider seismic isolation for new large light water and small modular reactors to withstand the effects of beyond design basis loadings, including extreme earthquakes. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission is sponsoring a research project that will quantify the response of low damping rubber (LDR) and lead rubber (LR) bearings under loadings associated with extreme earthquakes. Under design basis loadings, the response of an elastomeric bearing is not expected to deviate from well‐established numerical models, and bearings are not expected to experience net tension. However, under extended or beyond design basis shaking, elastomer shear strains may exceed 300% in regions of high seismic hazard, bearings may experience net tension, the compression and tension stiffness will be affected by isolator lateral displacement, and the properties of the lead core in LR bearings will degrade in the short‐term because of substantial energy dissipation. New mathematical models of LDR and LR bearings are presented for the analysis of base isolated structures under design and beyond design basis shaking, explicitly considering both the effects of lateral displacement and cyclic vertical and horizontal loading. These mathematical models extend the available formulations in shear and compression. Phenomenological models are presented to describe the behavior of elastomeric isolation bearings in tension, including the cavitation and post‐cavitation behavior. The elastic mechanical properties make use of the two‐spring model. Strength degradation of LR bearing under cyclic shear loading due to heating of lead core is incorporated. The bilinear area reduction method is used to include variation of critical buckling load capacity with lateral displacement. The numerical models are coded in OpenSees, and the results of numerical analysis are compared with test data. The effect of different parameters on the response is investigated through a series of analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In this paper, a new configuration of seismic isolation foundation containing several concrete layers and some rubber blocks is proposed. The concrete layers and the rubber blocks are placed periodically to form a periodic foundation. To study the isolation ability of this new configuration of periodic foundation, an equivalent analytical model is established. For practical applications, two very useful formulas are obtained. Using these formulas, the low bound frequency and the width of the first attenuation zone can be directly approximated without the calculation of dispersion structure. This new configuration of seismic isolation foundation enjoys the first attenuation zone between 2.15 Hz and 15.01 Hz, which means that the components of seismic waves with frequencies from 2.15 Hz to 15.01 Hz cannot propagate upward in the foundation. To illustrate the efficiency of this seismic isolation foundation, the seismic responses of a 6-story frame with three different foundations are simulated. Numerical simulations show that the seismic responses of the structure with the periodic foundation are greatly attenuated as compared with those of the structure with no isolation base or with traditional rubber bearings. 相似文献