共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
在开环参数一定的条件下,速度传感反馈地震计中的环路滤波是影响地震计主要技术指标的关键环节之一.本文探讨了一阶极点高通、一阶极点低通、一阶零点高通、双一阶和零阶环路滤波在扩展地震计动态范围上限方面的优缺点.研究指出,对于用闭环反馈直接生成主导二阶极点的速度传感反馈地震计,一阶零点高通环路滤波的优点较多;若允许在环外生成主导二阶极点,则零阶环路滤波也不失为一个较好的方案. 相似文献
2.
反馈地震计自身的噪声输出决定了它的动态范围下限.反馈地震计的噪声主要由反馈环内有源器件产生.速度传感反馈地震计的环路参数和滤波类型将会影响环内不同位置的噪声输出传递函数.本文分析了4种一阶环路滤波器和零阶环路滤波器对环内噪声传递函数的影响,开环阻尼D1较小的一阶极点高通、一阶零点高通和双一阶环路滤波在抑制前向通道噪声输出方面具有潜力;一阶极点高通在抑制反向通道低端带外噪声输出方面有较好的性能. 相似文献
3.
将地震信号分解成包含频谱互不重叠的单主周期的分量有利于地震信号的分析.分析了经验模态分解(EMD)中模态混叠的内在原因和已有的解决方法,梳理了解决模态混叠的思路框架,进而提出了一种新的基于输入递归高通滤波的EMD算法.首先用递归高通滤波器将信号预分解成频率由高到低的多个分量,实现信号的等价带通滤波,再用EMD对各带通分量按频率高低逐级递归筛分,获得完备的经验模态分量.通过合成信号和地震信号的仿真实验表明,该算法较好地克服了模态混叠,获得了频谱互不重叠的单主周期分量,并成功用于震相分离和分析,为地震信号分析提供了一种新思路. 相似文献
4.
H. J. MEYERHOFF 《Geophysical Prospecting》1968,16(2):208-219
Sharp cut-off frequency filtering is carried out in the discrete time domain on digital computers. A convolution of the digital filter impulse response with the sampled input yields the output. For practical reasons, the length of the filter inpulse response, corresponding to the number of filter coefficients, is limited, and consequently the resulting frequency characteristic will no longer be identical to that originally specified. This is analogous to synthesising some specified frequency characteristic with a finite number of resistive, capacitative and inductive components. In Part I of this paper, we examine the effect of approximating the sharp cut-off frequency characteristic best in a mean square sense by an impulse response of finite length. The resulting frequency characteristic corresponds to the truncated impulse response of the specified frequency characteristic. It has a cut-off slope proportional to, and a mean square error inversely proportional to, the length of the impulse response, and is a biassed odd function about the cut-off frequency point. Because of the Gibbs phenomenon for discontinuous functions, the resulting frequency characteristic will always have a maximum overshoot with respect to the specified characteristic of ± 9%, regardless of the length of the corresponding impulse response. Equal length truncated impulse responses of specified filters with different cut-off frequencies yield frequency characteristics which are almost identical about their respective cut-off points. Now on a log frequency scale (as against a linear frequency scale implied previously) such characteristics may be made almost identical about the respective cut-off points by having the truncated impulse responses composed of an equal number of zero crossings. Results for the low-pass filter are applicable to the high-pass and band-pass characteristics. In the latter case, the mean square error is double that for a single slope characteristic (low-pass or high-pass) and the slopes at both edges of the passband are approximately equal in magnitude to the length of the impulse response (linear frequency scale). Part II of this paper is concerned with reducing the ± 9% overshoot that results from the discontinuous nature of the sharp cut-off frequency characteristic and which is not dependent on the length of the truncated impulse response. The reduction is achieved, at the expense of the steepness of cut-off for the resulting frequency characteristic, by the use of functions which weight the truncated impulse response of the specified frequency characteristic. These functions are called apodising functions. Among other variables, the length of the truncated weighted impulse response will determine the amount of maximum overshoot since the effective frequency characteristic being approximated is no longer a discontinuous function. The digital realization of the finite length impulse responses of Parts I and II is discussed in Part III, together with the optimum partially specified digital filter approximation to the desired frequency characteristic. 相似文献
5.
K. Frhlich T. Schmidt M. Ern P. Preusse A. de la Torre J. Wickert Ch. Jacobi 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2238
Five years of global temperatures retrieved from radio occultations measured by Champ (Challenging Minisatellite Payload) and SAC-C (Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C) are analyzed for gravity waves (GWs). In order to separate GWs from other atmospheric variations, a high-pass filter was applied on the vertical profile. Resulting temperature fluctuations correspond to vertical wavelengths between 400 m (instrumental resolution) and 10 km (limit of the high-pass filter). The temperature fluctuations can be converted into GW potential energy, but for comparison with parameterization schemes GW momentum flux is required. We therefore used representative values for the vertical and horizontal wavelength to infer GW momentum flux from the GPS measurements. The vertical wavelength value is determined by high-pass filtering, the horizontal wavelength is adopted from a latitude-dependent climatology. The obtained momentum flux distributions agree well, both in global distribution and in absolute values, with simulations using the Warner and McIntyre parameterization (WM) scheme. However, discrepancies are found in the annual cycle. Online simulations, implementing the WM scheme in the mechanistic COMMA-LIM (Cologne Model of the Middle Atmosphere—Leipzig Institute for Meteorology) general circulation model (GCM), do not converge, demonstrating that a good representation of GWs in a GCM requires both a realistic launch distribution and an adequate representation of GW breaking and momentum transfer. 相似文献
6.
7.
2001——2010年, 海南省地下流体观测台网记录到多次热带气旋引起的井水位抖动现象．本文以2003年7月21日强热带气旋ldquo;天鹅rdquo;和2005年9月27日台风ldquo;达维rdquo;为例, 系统地研究了这两次热带气旋引起的水位抖动变化的特征．结果表明, 经过高通滤波, 水位抖动变化图像更加明显;通过频谱分析,得知热带气旋引起的水位抖动周期为100——101 min;井水位抖动的起始时间、 幅度最大值的时间与热带气旋通过海南岛陆的时间一致, 且与热带气旋的结构特点、发展和运动过程密切相关,与井孔自身的井-含水层系统对微动态信息响应的能力也有关系．分析认为,气压振荡式升降变化和摩擦是热带气旋引起水位抖动的原因． 相似文献
8.
The nth-order moments of the electromagnetic impulse response are useful for interpreting electromagnetic data. We have derived an analytic expression for the half-order moment of a conductive half-space. By inverting this expression, the measured half-order moment can be used to estimate an apparent conductivity of the ground. The first-order moment can also be used to estimate the half-space conductivity. A sensitivity analysis indicates that for an airborne EM configuration, the half-order moment will be most sensitive to material in the top 26–48 m, while the first-order moment will be sensitive to deeper material (down to depths between 66 and 127 m). 相似文献
9.
Displacement response spectrum (DRS), as the input, is of great significance to the displacement-based design just like the acceleration response spectrum to the traditional force-based design. Although the procedure of performance-based, in particular the displacement-based design has achieved considerable development, there is not a general DRS covering an enough long period range for common seismic design yet. This paper develops a systematic ground motion data processing procedure for the purpose of correcting the noise in the earthquake records and generating consistent DRS for seismic design. An adaptive algorithm is proposed to determine the cutoff frequency of the high-pass digital filter. The DRS of more than 500 recorded earthquake ground motions are generated and they are classified into three groups according to the ratio of the peak ground acceleration to the peak ground velocity (A/V) and/or the ratio of the peak ground velocity to the peak ground displacement (V/D). In each group, all the ground motions are normalized with respect to a selected scaling factor. Their corresponding DRS are obtained and then averaged to get the mean and standard deviation DRS, which can be used for both deterministic and probabilistic displacement-based design. 相似文献
10.
Journal of Seismology - The goal of this work is to propose a new strategy for automatically quantifying the high-pass cut-off frequency of digital ground motion (GM) records. In previous studies,... 相似文献
11.
高频噪声压制是高分辨率地震数据处理中提高信噪比的关键性问题.本文针对f-x(频率-空间)反褶积空间预测滤波器无法处理非平稳、非线性信号的缺点,提出了一种基于高通滤波的频率-空间域经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition in the frequency-space domain,f-xEMD)压制地震剖面中高频噪声的方法.该方法采用全域高通滤波从原始数据中分离出含有部分有效信号的高频数据,将其变换到f-x域,然后在滑动的短窗口内提取每一个频率的空变数据序列进行EMD分解得到高频复本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)IMF1,将所有频率的IMF1序列反Fourier变换到时间域得到噪声剖面,将其与原始数据相减,达到高频噪声压制的目的.该方法可克服传统EMD分解方法中的模态混叠现象,保护陡倾角反射同相轴;压制后的噪声剖面中不包含有效信号能量,地震剖面的信噪比得到了提高.模拟数据和实际数据处理结果充分证明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
12.
我们设计了一种便携式的宽频带反馈地震计,并与标准长周期地震计(763)及力平衡式宽频带反馈地震计(STS-1V,STS-1H)作了比较,并在不同干扰环境及工作条件下进行了考验.结果是令人满意的.地震计由一台垂直向和两台水平向组成.其惯性质量为0.8kg,自然机械振动周期为15s(秒),机械品质因素约为50.用一差动电容位移换能器将惯性质量的位移变化转变成电信号,而加于电磁系统的反馈使质量维持在它的平衡位置附近.该仪器在其通带范围内具有平坦的位移频响特性.这由反馈网络决定,它相当于一个具有30s 自然周期的位移传感长周期(LP)地震计加上截止频率为0.03s 的二阶低通滤波器系统.该仪器的动态范围为100dB,阻尼为0.8.设计中着重考虑便携性,安装方便以及对环境干扰的有效屏蔽及低功耗. 相似文献
13.
Time-delay causes unsynchronized application of the control forces which may not only degrade the performance of the control system but also even induce instability to the dynamic system. Time-delay control algorithm is developed in this paper to solve this practical problem. The control system is first formulated in discrete-time form. In the presence of time-delay, the motion equation of the discrete-time control system remains a difference equation which can be transformed into first-order difference equation by augmenting the state variables. Optimal time-delay control algorithm is derived based on the augmented system. The time-delay control forces are simply generated from the time-delay states multiplied by the constant feedback gain. Numerical simulation is illustrated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm. Since time-delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model for the structural control system throughout the derivation of the proposed algorithm, system performance and dynamic stability are guaranteed. 相似文献
14.
Density within the Earth crust varies between 1.0 and 3.0 g/cm3. The Bouguer gravity field measured in south Iran is analyzed using four different regional-residual separation techniques
to obtain a residual map of the gravity field suitable for density modeling of topography. A density model of topography with
radial and lateral distribution of density is required for an accurate determination of the geoid, e.g., in the Stokes-Helmert
approach.
The apparent density mapping technique is used to convert the four residual Bouguer anomaly fields into the corresponding
four gravity im-plied subsurface density (GRADEN) models. Although all four density models showed good correlation with the
geological density (GEODEN) model of the region, the GRADEN models obtained by high-pass filter-ing and GGM high-pass filtering
show better numerical correlation with GEODEN model than the other models. 相似文献
15.
A first-order formulation to analyze the dynamic response of layered soil profiles is presented as an alternative to the widely used second-order thin-layer method by the direct stiffness approach, including an efficient simulation of the underlaying elastic half-space. In contrast to the thin-layer method where response is expressed through a combination of second-order propagation modes, the proposed procedure uses first-order modal parameters that have the capacity to provide a good approximation in the complete wave number domain k, including the exact stiffness values for k=0 and k→∞, thus justifying its designation of doubly-asymptotic. This feature allows obtaining the exact soil profile response for static loads, while the proposed treatment of the elastic half-space reproduces naturally the radiation condition without a need of artificial damping. The capacity of the proposed formulation to solve elastodynamic problems is assessed by comparing its results with those of exact solutions available in the literature, and numerical solutions of rigid disks supported on the surface of different soil profiles. 相似文献
16.
The response to warming of tropical low-level clouds including both marine stratocumulus and trade cumulus is a major source of uncertainty in projections of future climate. Climate model simulations of the response vary widely, reflecting the difficulty the models have in simulating these clouds. These inadequacies have led to alternative approaches to predict low-cloud feedbacks. Here, we review an observational approach that relies on the assumption that observed relationships between low clouds and the “cloud-controlling factors” of the large-scale environment are invariant across time-scales. With this assumption, and given predictions of how the cloud-controlling factors change with climate warming, one can predict low-cloud feedbacks without using any model simulation of low clouds. We discuss both fundamental and implementation issues with this approach and suggest steps that could reduce uncertainty in the predicted low-cloud feedback. Recent studies using this approach predict that the tropical low-cloud feedback is positive mainly due to the observation that reflection of solar radiation by low clouds decreases as temperature increases, holding all other cloud-controlling factors fixed. The positive feedback from temperature is partially offset by a negative feedback from the tendency for the inversion strength to increase in a warming world, with other cloud-controlling factors playing a smaller role. A consensus estimate from these studies for the contribution of tropical low clouds to the global mean cloud feedback is 0.25 ± 0.18 W m?2 K?1 (90% confidence interval), suggesting it is very unlikely that tropical low clouds reduce total global cloud feedback. Because the prediction of positive tropical low-cloud feedback with this approach is consistent with independent evidence from low-cloud feedback studies using high-resolution cloud models, progress is being made in reducing this key climate uncertainty. 相似文献
17.
By virtue of the precise integration method (PIM) and the technique of mixed variable formulations, solutions for the dynamic response of the multi-layered transversely isotropic medium subjected to the axisymmetric time-harmonic forces are presented. The planes of cross anisotropy are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal surface of the stratified media. Four kinds of vertically acting axisymmetric loads are prescribed either at the external surface or in the interior of the soil system. Thicknesses and number of the medium strata are not limited. Employing the Hankel integral transform in cylindrical coordinate, the axisymmetric governing equations in terms of displacements of the multi-layered media are uncoupled. Applying mixed variable formulations, more concise first-order ordinary differential matrix equations from the uncoupled motion equations can be obtained. Solutions of the ordinary differential matrix equations in the transformed domain are acquired by utilizing the approach of PIM. Since PIM is highly accurate to solve the sets of first-order ordinary differential equations, any desired accuracy of the solutions can be achieved. All calculations are based on the corresponding algebraic operations and computational efforts can be reduced to a great extent. Comparisons with the existing numerical solutions are made to confirm the accuracy of the present solutions proposed by this procedure. Several examples are illustrated to explore the influences of the type and degree of material anisotropy, the frequency of excitation and loading positions on the dynamic response of the stratified medium. 相似文献
18.
High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise
ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (<1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity
parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates can be dramatic and consequentially it
has become standard practice to low-cut (high-pass) filter strong-motion data with corner frequencies often chosen based on
the shape of Fourier amplitude spectra and the signal-to-noise ratio. It has been shown that response spectral ordinates should
not be used beyond some fraction of the corner period (reciprocal of the corner frequency) of the low-cut filter. This article
examines the effect of high-frequency noise (>5 Hz) on computed pseudo-absolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs). In
contrast to the case of low-frequency noise our analysis shows that filtering to remove high-frequency noise is only necessary
in certain situations and that PSAs can often be used up to 100 Hz even if much lower high-cut corner frequencies are required
to remove the noise. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that PSAs are often controlled by ground accelerations
associated with much lower frequencies than the natural frequency of the oscillator because path and site attenuation (often
modelled by Q and κ, respectively) have removed the highest frequencies. We demonstrate that if high-cut filters are to be used, then their corner
frequencies should be selected on an individual basis, as has been done in a few recent studies. 相似文献
19.
A versatile approach is employed to generate artificial accelerograms which satisfy the compatibility criteria prescribed by the Chinese aseismic code provisions GB 50011-2001. In particular, a frequency dependent peak factor derived by means of appropriate Monte Carlo analyses is introduced to relate the GB 50011 -2001 design spectrum to a parametrically defined evolutionary power spectrum (EPS). Special attention is given to the definition of the frequency content of the EPS in order to accommodate the mathematical form of the aforementioned design spectrum. Further, a one-to-one relationship is established between the parameter controlling the time-varying intensity of the EPS and the effective strong ground motion duration. Subsequently, an efficient auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA) filtering technique is utilized to generate ensembles of non-stationary artificial accelerograms whose average response spectrum is in a close agreement with the considered design spectrum. Furthermore, a harmonic wavelet based iterative scheme is adopted to modify these artificial signals so that a close matching of the signals' response spectra with the GB 50011-2001 design spectrum is achieved on an individual basis. This is also done for field recorded accelerograms pertaining to the May, 2008 Wenchuan seismic event. In the process, zero-phase high-pass filtering is performed to accomplish proper baseline correction of the acquired spectrum compatible artificial and field accelerograms. Numerical results are given in a tabulated format to expedite their use in practice. 相似文献