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1.
（一） 在電測井的時候,工業交流電常常由於線路中存在漏電現象或感應现象而進入测量線路,有時还經過線间電容或由MN電極而進入測量線路。工業交流電的頻率一般是50週或60週,頻率已經相當高了,對電測電流計來說已超過其頻率響應範圍,不會影響测量結果。但是在作電阻法測井（KC）時,由於線 相似文献
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根据常用公式 h=Δi/10（I0-Ii）/s-11/2, 式中h为震源深度,Δi为烈度为Ii的等震綫半径,I0为震中烈度,S为一系数;取（1）式的对数得 logh=logΔi-1/2log[10（I0-Ii）/s-1], 按（2）式可以作成一量版,以同时測定h和s。利用这个量版測定了19个中国地震的s和h,結合文献[4]的資料,指出中国东部的s系数比西部的偏低;且当深度加大时,s系数加大。采用文献[1,5]的資料測定了61个地震的s系数,結果表明s的数值随深度的增加而加大,占与低速层的关系并不明显。 相似文献
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C25高支链类异戊烯烃(C25HBIs)通常被认为是指示硅藻的生物标志化合物,近年来在长江下游湖泊沉积物中被广泛检出。尽管云南湖泊分布广泛,但尚未有C25HBIs检出的相关报道。本研究通过分析洱海不同湖区表层沉积物,首次指出其存在C25HBIs化合物,并通过分析不同C25HBIs化合物的空间分布特征解析其生物地球化学指示意义。结果显示,洱海表层沉积物中存在C25:1 HBI和C25.2HBI化合物,但均未检测到同分异构体。洱海沉积物中C25HBIs浓度为11.18μg/g(TOC),显著高于富营养化的太湖,与澄湖相当。C25:1 HBI浓度表现出南高北低的空间分布特征,而C25:2HBI浓度则相反,因此C25.1HBI可能表征了洱海南部湖区的优势硅藻。在C25.2HBI浓度较低(<0.4μg/g)的沉积物中,C... 相似文献
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隨着祖國大規模經濟建設的開展,北京地質學院於1952年在北京成立了,也誕生了地球物理探礦系,但是,當時的地球物理探礦教研室還只是在孕育着、籌備着,大家以最迫切的心情關懷着她。 1953年署假的前夕,中國科學院地球物理研究所傅承義教授來地質學院領導展開教研室的准備工作後,我國第一個物理探礦的 相似文献
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文中在野外开挖探槽及年龄样品测试的基础上,对郯庐断裂带赤山段全新世的新活动特征进行了详细讨论。在泗县赤山镇徐井村附近开挖了2个地质探槽(XJ1、 XJ2),其中XJ1探槽揭露了10个地层单元,从老到新依次为U1—U10;发现3条断层,由东向西依次为F1、 F2和F3;识别出3次古地震事件,由老到新依次为E1、 E2和E3。事件E1和E2分别为F1和F2的逆冲活动,事件E3为F2逆走滑和F3正走滑共同活动的结果。前2次古地震事件E1、 E2发生于中更新世—晚更新世晚期之间,后一次事件E3代表最新一次古地震活动,发生于地层U9沉积以后,在该层上部采集的泥炭样品的测定年代为11.1... 相似文献
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应用二维三分量时变可压缩磁流体动力学模拟方法,数值研究了各向异性等离子体(P⊥≠P∥,T⊥≠T∥)中的撕裂模不稳定性和磁场重联过程.计算结果表明,在短暂的线性增长之后,不稳定性将趋于非线性饱和.线性增长率随着各向异性程度|P⊥/P∥|增强而增大,随着等离子体β值减小及磁场y分量By增大而降低.在强垂直各向异性(P⊥>P∥)的情况下,电流片中磁场重联形成的磁岛达到非线性饱和后,在X型点附近形成空腔结构;随着空腔的增大,磁岛逐渐变小,并最终消失.在P⊥>P∥情况下,仅在电流片中心区域可以激发火蛇管不稳定性,电流片中不能形成大型磁岛. 相似文献
8.
本文根据1982和1985年在福州-泉州-汕头地区的人工爆炸地震测深资料,分析了震相特征,共识别到九个波组:P1、Pg、Pg′、P3°、P4（P4°）、P5°、Pn（Pn°）、P7*及S波组。通过对波的走时反演、正演拟合、理论地震图和射线追踪方法反复计算,得到了该区地壳与上地幔结构模型。结果表明,该区具有大陆地壳向海洋地壳过渡的边缘地区结构特征。地壳P波速度6.30km/s,莫霍面速度7.90km/s,地壳厚度30km,由三层构成,厚度分别为3km、15km和12km。在中地壳存在一层速度为5.50-5.90km/s、厚度为3.0-4.0km的低速层,低速层分布与温泉出露有密切的关系。在下地壳下部有一数公里厚的高速致密的壳-幔混合物层,其形成原因是由于上地幔物质上涌并迁移到下地壳的结果。此外,还讨论了莫霍面结构,界面起伏和断裂展布概况。 相似文献
9.
本文描述我国滇西地区洱源-江川和遮放-宾川二条剖面的地壳结构爆破地震的研究结果。 资料分析解释的结果说明,该地区的地壳内存在四个界面:Pg、P20、P30与P40面。Pg面为结晶基底面,深度在0.3-3.5km之间,界面速度约5.90km/s。P02面为地壳上部反射面,深度在12至24km间,其界面速度约6.30-6.50km/s。该界面的下方,在大部分地段是一厚梯度层至莫霍界面。在30-35km的深处,局部地区存在弱反射界面P30。而莫霍面（即P40面）的深度在37-46km。遮放-宾川剖面的地壳平均速度约6.40km/s,莫霍界面速度为8.06km/s。但洱源-江川剖面的这两种参数分别为6.19km/s与7.75km/s,其下侧50km的深处还存在P50反射面。 遮放-宾川剖面上的怒江断裂在P40及P20面上有2.5km的深度跳跃。澜沧江断裂经过的地方,P40震相追踪中断,波形畸变。这类现象在洱源-江川剖面的几个地方也有明显反应,在元谋-绿汁江断裂处莫霍面的深度跳跃达3km,断裂还使江川炮的P40震相追踪中断。 在洱源-江川剖面的中段,发现了上地幔低速度异常带,速度值为7.75km/s。 相似文献
10.
中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔地下流体特征及与地震活动的关系初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
收集了中国大陆科学钻探主孔工程(CCSD)主孔中117～2045 m深度地下流体某些组分(He、 Ar、 CO2、 CH4)的浓度资料和2001年7月1日至2002年4月30日时间段内钻孔周围500 km范围内震级ML≥1.0地震目录资料, 对其流体资料进行日均值处理、 差分分析和最大相关系数处理。 由日均值浓度看出地震前后He、 Ar、 CO2、 CH4浓度存在明显异常; 最大相关系数分析表明, CH4和CO2组分两者相关性好, 最大相关系数平均值为0.95, 均方差为0.08, 说明两者可能具有相同的来源。 CH4和CO2浓度日均值最大相关系数在地震前后出现明显的异常波动。 主孔中的地下流体特征及与周围地震活动的对应关系揭示大陆科学钻探主孔中的地下流体异常与区内地震活动可能存在一定关系。 相似文献
11.
A welded end‐slot buckling‐restrained brace (WES‐BRB) has been developed at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). A steel frame equipped with a WES‐BRB can offer a cost‐effective solution to meet interstory drift and earthquake‐resistant design requirements for seismic steel buildings. According to the WES‐BRB and connection design procedure proposed by NCREE, there are seven key elements of a buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) design that require design checking. In order to assist an engineer with the design of the WES‐BRB members and connections, an innovative cloud service named Brace on Demand has been constructed at NCREE. In this study, using 581 BRBF design examples, the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures to meet all design checks is demonstrated. It is found that the most critical limit states for an initial design are joint region buckling, gusset plate buckling, and gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface strength. Accordingly, the causes of improper designs and associated strategies for improving the initial designs are discussed in this paper. Recommendations on initial selections including the BRB joint size and gusset plate thickness are given. The paper provides the detailed road map for engineers to develop the spreadsheet for BRB and connection designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Passive structural control techniques are generally used as seismic rehabilitation and retrofit methodologies for existing structures. A poorly explored and exciting opportunity within structural seismic control research is represented by the possibility to design new structural forms and configurations, such as slender buildings, without compromising the structural performance through an integrated design approach. In this paper, with reference to viscous dampers, an integrated seismic design procedure of the elastic stiffness resources and viscoelastic properties of a dissipative bracing‐damper system is proposed and developed to ensure a seismic design performance, within the displacement‐based seismic design, explicitly taking into account the dynamic behaviour both of the structural and control systems. The optimal integrated seismic design is defined as the combination of the variables that minimizes a suitable index, representing an optimized objective function. Numerical examples of the proposed integrated cost‐effectiveness seismic design approach both on an equivalent SDOF system and a proportionally damped MDOF integrated system are developed defining the design variables, which minimize the cost index. Validation of the effectiveness of the proposed integrated design procedure is carried out by evaluating the average displacement of the time‐history responses to seven unscaled acceleration records selected according to EC8 provisions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
AP1000抗震分析与设计特点研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对AP1000抗震分析与设计的主要特点进行分析,并将这些特点同现有核电站的设计状况和我国潜在厂址的情况进行对比.研究侧重于抗震分类、抗震设防水准及设计地震、地基岩土条件、抗震裕度分析等几个主要方面.通过研究,把握AP1000抗震分析与设计的主要特点,对其设计特点和适应性加深理解,并提出需要继续跟踪研究和关注的问题.研究成果可以为后续研究和AP1000堆型的工程引进提供参考和基础素材.其中关于抗震裕度分析的研究内容对于在我国开展在役核电厂的地震安全评估和3级PRA分析亦有借鉴意义. 相似文献
14.
强度折减系数既是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震力的关键因素，又是基于性态的抗震设计理论中确定非弹性反应谱的主要依据. 本文结合我国抗震设计反应谱的形式和特点，应用823条国内外水平向地震动记录（充分利用了我国取得的强震记录），给出了一种考虑设计地震分组和场地类别的强度折减系数模型，研究了结构周期、延性、场地类别、设计地震分组、震级、震中距等因素对强度折减系数的影响. 结果表明:场地条件对强度折减系数的影响是不可忽略的，特别是对延性较大的短周期结构更应注意场地条件的影响；设计地震分组是影响强度折减系数的一个重要因素，在应用我国规范设计反应谱构造非弹性反应谱所用的强度折减系数必须考虑设计分组的影响；震级对强度折减系数的影响较小；如不考虑近场大脉冲地震动记录的影响，震中距对强度折减系数的影响是可以忽略的. 相似文献
15.
A general framework for multi-criteria optimal design is presented which is well suited for performance-based design of structural systems operating in an uncertain dynamic environment. A decision theoretic approach is used which is based on aggregation of preference functions for the multiple, possibly conflicting, design criteria. This allows the designer to trade off these criteria in a controlled manner during the optimization. Reliability-based design criteria are used to maintain user-specified levels of structural safety by properly taking into account the uncertainties in the modelling and seismic loads that a structure may experience during its lifetime. Code-based requirements are also easily incorporated into this optimal design process. The methodology is demonstrated with a simple example involving the design of a three-storey steel-frame building for which the ground motion uncertainty is characterized by a probabilistic response spectrum which is developed from available attenuation formulas and seismic hazard models. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
A stochastic approach for obtaining reliable estimates of the peak response of nonlinear systems to excitations specified via a design seismic spectrum is proposed. This is achieved in an efficient manner without resorting to numerical integration of the governing nonlinear equations of motion. First, a numerical scheme is utilized to derive a power spectrum which is compatible in a stochastic sense with a given design spectrum. This power spectrum is then treated as the excitation spectrum to determine effective damping and stiffness coefficients corresponding to an equivalent linear system (ELS) via a statistical linearization scheme. Further, the obtained coefficients are used in conjunction with the (linear) design spectrum to estimate the peak response of the original nonlinear systems. The cases of systems with piecewise linear stiffness nonlinearity, along with bilinear hysteretic systems are considered. The seismic severity is specified by the elastic design spectrum prescribed by the European aseismic code provisions (EC8). Monte Carlo simulations pertaining to an ensemble of nonstationary EC8 design spectrum compatible accelerograms are conducted to confirm that the average peak response of the nonlinear systems compare reasonably well with that of the ELS, within the known level of accuracy furnished by the statistical linearization method. In this manner, the proposed approach yields ELS which can replace the original nonlinear systems in carrying out computationally efficient analyses in the initial stages of the aseismic design of structures under severe seismic excitations specified in terms of a design spectrum. 相似文献
17.
Study on strength reduction factors considering the effect of classification of design earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The strength reduction factor is defined as the lateral yielding strength required to avoid yielding in the system when subjected to a given ground motion, to the lateral yielding strength required to maintain the displacement ductility ratio demand equal to a pre-determined target duc-tility ratio under the same ground motion. The strength reduction factors are not only the key fac-tors in determining seismic action for force-based seismic design, but also one of the key parame-t… 相似文献
18.
This paper presents a methodology for constructing seismic design spectra in near-fault regions.By analyzing the characteristics of near-fault pulse-type ground motions,an equivalent pulse model is proposed,which can well represent the characteristics of the near-fault forward-directivity and fling-step pulse-type ground motions.The normalized horizontal seismic design spectra for near-fault regions are presented using recorded near-fault pulse-type ground motions and equivalent pulse-type ground motions,which are derived based on the equivalent pulse model coupled with ground motion parameter attenuation relations.The normalized vertical seismic design spectra for near-fault regions are obtained by scaling the corresponding horizontal spectra with the vertical-to-horizontal acceleration spectral ratios of near-fault pulse-type ground motions.The proposed seismic design spectra appear to have relatively small dispersion in a statistical sense.The seismic design spectra for both horizontal and vertical directions can provide alternative spectral shapes for seismic design codes. 相似文献
19.
A. J. Kappos I. G. Gidaris K. I. Gkatzogias 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(4):1237-1266
Currently available displacement-based design (DBD) procedures for bridges are critically evaluated with a view to identifying extensions and/or modifications of the procedure, for it to be applicable to final design of a fairly broad class of bridges. An improved direct DBD procedure is presented, including a suite of comprehensive design criteria and proper consideration of the degree of fixity of the pier top. The design of an overpass bridge (originally designed to a current European Code), applying the improved ‘direct’ displacement-based design (DDBD) procedure is presented and both ‘conventional’ and displacement-based designs are assessed using non-linear response-history analysis (NLRHA); comparisons are made in terms of both economy and seismic performance of the different designs. It is seen that DDBD provided a more rational base shear distribution among piers and abutments when compared to the force-based design procedure and adequately captured the displacement pattern, closely matching the results of the more rigorous NLRHA. 相似文献
20.
Spatial sampling design and covariance-robust minimax prediction based on convex design ideas 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Gunter Spöck Jürgen Pilz 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2010,24(3):463-482
This paper presents new ideas on sampling design and minimax prediction in a geostatistical model setting. Both presented
methodologies are based on regression design ideas. For this reason the appendix of this paper gives an introduction to optimum
Bayesian experimental design theory for linear regression models with uncorrelated errors. The presented methodologies and
algorithms are then applied to the spatial setting of correlated random fields. To be specific, in Sect. 1 we will approximate an isotropic random field by means of a regression model with a large number of regression functions
with random amplitudes, similarly to Fedorov and Flanagan (J Combat Inf Syst Sci: 23, 1997). These authors make use of the
Karhunen Loeve approximation of the isotropic random field. We use the so-called polar spectral approximation instead; i.e.
we approximate the isotropic random field by means of a regression model with sine-cosine-Bessel surface harmonics with random
amplitudes and then, in accordance with Fedorov and Flanagan (J Combat Inf Syst Sci: 23, 1997), apply standard Bayesian experimental
design algorithms to the resulting Bayesian regression model. Section 2 deals with minimax prediction when the covariance function is known to vary in some set of a priori plausible covariance
functions. Using a minimax theorem due to Sion (Pac J Math 8:171–176, 1958) we are able to formulate the minimax problem as
being equivalent to an optimum experimental design problem, too. This makes the whole experimental design apparatus available
for finding minimax kriging predictors. Furthermore some hints are given, how the approach to spatial sampling design with
one a priori fixed covariance function may be extended by means of minimax kriging to a whole set of a priori plausible covariance
functions such that the resulting designs are robust. The theoretical developments are illustrated with two examples taken
from radiological monitoring and soil science. 相似文献