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前 言自从日本文部省测地学审议会１９７５年提出“部分修改第３次地震预报计划”的建议以来,地下水、地球化学方法正式纳入地震预报计划已历时２０多年。这也是对地震的认识一成不变地开展地下水、地球化学观测的日本的历史。在地震预报研究中,虽然曾检测出许多地震前的异常现象,但并没有明显增加对其机制的认识。本文基于这种现状,提出地震（预报）研究中开展地下水、地球化学观测的目标。地下水和地球化学观测,研究中的最大弱点是在理论方面。由于缺乏联系地震发生机制与地下水、地球化学异常的理论,所以怎么也跳不出现象论的框框… 相似文献
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简要回顾了几十年来对地震发生前、地震过程中和震后地下流体和地球化学变化的研究和成果,这些研究一般都是以探索地震预报可能性为目的的。论述了与地震有关的地下水文及地球化学变化的机理,这些地下流体(包括地下水和气体诸如氢、氧和惰性气体)的起源和迁移流动现象以及详细介绍了早期和近代对有关地震的地下流体和地球化学变化的观测成果。同时指出了对地下流体和地球化学作为地震前兆来观测研究的困难所在以及为了克服这些困难而应该采取的地震前兆观测研究的方向,例如多种手段和多种原理方法,开发有效的地球物理和地球化学模型以及适当的数据分析统计方法等。 相似文献
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通过对乌鲁木齐４号泉地下水逸出气与溶解气的对比观测，根据气体各组分的性质及在地下水溶解气和进出气中所表现的特征，认为逸出气较溶解气运移速度快且信息量大。因此，观测４号泉逸出气作为地震前兆较溶解气为宜。 相似文献
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金属矿产勘查技术发展现状与思考 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
近年来，以寻找金属矿产为目的发愤卢业的勘查新技术可概括为：（1）以寻找隐伏矿为目标的覆盖区地球物理勘查技术，其中包括“三维地震”和“高光谱遥感”技术；（2）地球化学勘查新技术，其中包括“深穿透地球化学技术”、“地球化学信息的综合解释和地球化学填图技术”；（3）“找矿信息提取和综合”技术等。限于篇幅，本文仅对地球化学勘查新技术的研究现状进行了分析，同时对下列问题进行了思考：（1）在一个地区开展地球化学找矿工作首先要确立合适的取样介质，取样介质的立应以查明成矿成晕元素的形成机制和赋存状态为基础；（2）加强不同景观条件下不同矿种和不同矿床类型的异常特征和异常模式研究，建立区分矿异常和非矿异常的模式识别模型；（3）加强不同景观地质条件下，不同勘查尺度的地球化学填图技术研究，以实现迅速掌握全局，逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略；（4）加强地球化学信息与地质、地球物理和遥感信息相结合的信息综合技术的研究，应用综合信息定量圈定和评价找矿靶区，减少矿产勘查的不确定性。 相似文献
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在运用地震地球化学方法进行地震预报的监测和断层活动性研究中,气体取样容器和取样技术的研究是非常重要的,本文介绍了用于野外气体采集的不锈钢容器和地表浅层土壤气采集的简易方法。 1 土壤气样 目前气体地球化学工作仍以取水样居多,取土壤气样较少,但实际上大部分断裂带地下水受地理条件和相应深度气体溶解度的影响,理想的水点很少。通常,He,Ne,N_2,Ar等气体在水中较容易达到饱和值由于气体饱和度随温压条件改变而改变,所以从地表取得的气体(水样)往往不能反映地球深处的原始比例。 相似文献
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汤东活动断裂带气体地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文采用野外多期跨断层流动观测测定了汤东活动断裂带H2，Rn和CO2的分布特征，以此分析了该断裂带的气体地球化学特征及其活动背景，从而揭示了气体地球化学特征与构造之间的联系。分析结果显示:不同测量期次的H2，Rn和CO2浓度存在显著差异，其中张河村测线的各期次测量结果中6月份各组分气体浓度均显著高于其它期次，而邢李庄测线的测量结果中1月份各组分气体浓度均显著高于其它期次；各测量期次的各气体组分分布曲线特征相似，高值异常点的重现性较好。张河村测线多期测量的H2和Rn浓度背景值分别为（8.93±3.92）×10?6和（17.38±4.28） kBq/m3，在测线西部距汤东主断裂135 m和230 m处H2与Rn同步出现高值异常；邢李庄测线H2和Rn的背景值分别为（41.20±16.64）×10?6和（29.00±8.28） kBq/m3，H2与Rn在测线西部距汤东主断裂60 m处同步出现异常。两测线的气体浓度高值异常部位与地球物理、跨断层联合钻孔详勘结果之间存在较好的对应关系，由此可推断观测气体浓度能够敏感地指示断裂带位置，而且H2和Rn浓度是汤东断裂带气体地球化学观测的关键指标。 相似文献
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地震水化前兆是发生在地壳内诸多地球化学过程并通过化学指标反映的现象之一。通过对地下水中锂，锶的动态观测及其资料的分析研究，探索其水文地球化学特征及动态变化影响因素，从而阐明其动态变化与地震活动的关系，结果表明，锂，锶作为地下水中深部特征组分，对地震预报有着十分积极意义。 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
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Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
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Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献
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Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献