共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
地学长江计划安徽实验中低频可控震源地震波信号提取方法评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
可控震源的激发过程精确可控、可重复性高。本文评估了重复激发形成的多道记录的信号增强方法,包括叠加方法和有效信号直接分离方法。相比线性叠加,加权叠加充分利用了有效信号的一致性,能进一步压制噪声,提高叠加记录的信噪比。相比时间域相位加权叠加,Semblance加权叠加更加稳定。时频域相位加权叠加能在时频域压制随机分散分布的噪声信号,叠加信号更加清晰。本文中,采用标准SVD分离获得的信号同线性叠加结果类似。本文利用密集分布的临时台阵评价地学长江计划安徽实验中低频可控震源在庐江第2激发点的激发效果。对比不同的处理流程发现,先互相关检测信号再进行时频域相位加权叠加能够取得最佳的处理效果,通过200多次重复激发,可以在50km范围内提取到较清晰的有效信号。 相似文献
2.
高效的瞬变电磁数据处理对后续的精确地质解译具有决定性的作用,而数据信号的去噪是数据处理环节的重中之重.时频分析方法是当前广泛应用于瞬变电磁数据处理去噪领域的主要方法技术,但其基本是单域方法的应用探索,各自单域方法实际应用效果不尽人意.本文基于曲波变换、小波变换及高阶相关统计技术,进行了交叉型组合域瞬变电磁数据去噪技术的研究与探索.通过引入高阶相关统计理论提供自适应的阈值函数、采用小波变换进行残留噪声成分小波系数分解,结合曲波变换正反过程实现交叉型组合域去噪技术.设计了包含随机噪声、相关噪声的数值模拟合成数据去噪算例验证了本文方法的可行性.将本文方法应用于两个实测数据去噪分析,表明本文方法可有效解决不同复杂程度的含噪声瞬变电磁数据去噪领域.研究成果为瞬变电磁高精度数据处理提供了新的技术手段. 相似文献
3.
4.
对稀疏/非规则采样或者低信噪比数据,射线束提取困难并伴随有假频产生,对叠加剖面和道集造成严重干扰.为了提升射线束偏移在稀疏和低信噪比地震数据采集中的成像效果,本文提出基于三角滤波的局部倾斜叠加波束形成偏移假频压制方法.射线束偏移首先将地震数据划分为超道集,经过部分NMO后转化为以射线束中心定义的共偏移距数据,倾斜叠加和反假频操作均在局部共中心点坐标上实现.时间域倾斜叠加是对地震数据的时移累加操作,三角低通滤波同样可以在时间域完成,在对地震数据进行因果和反因果积分后,亦为地震数据的时移累加.因此,三角低通滤波与倾斜叠加可在时间域结合同时完成,避免了频域滤波的正反傅里叶变换.本文在反假频公式中加入权重系数,用以对反假频的程度进行控制,达到分辨率和噪声压制的最佳折衷.以某海上三维实际数据为例,文中展示了反假频射线束形成对偏移叠加剖面和共成像点偏移距道集中的噪声进行了有效压制. 相似文献
5.
6.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(4)
水平叠加技术是提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率的方法之一.只有当CMP道集同相轴校齐,消除各种时差,才能实现CMP道集中各道真正的同相位叠加,否则地震资料的高频信息会缺失,降低信噪比和分辨率.本文给出一种应用相位替换的处理方法消除CMP道集中的剩余时差,利用消除剩余时差后的CMP道集进行叠加.这种方法的理论基础是地震信号的到达时完全包含在信号的相位谱中,通过改变相位谱可以达到改变信号到达时的目的.综合理论模型和实际资料的数据处理,详细探讨了该方法对提高信噪比和分辨率的效果,结果表明,通过选取合适的参考道,该方法可有效地提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率且理论上可以消除任何时差. 相似文献
7.
广角地震的远偏移距折射初至含有地下深层的信息,提高远偏移距折射波信噪比能够有效提高初至拾取精度,对于深部结构的层析速度建模十分有利.超虚折射干涉法基于干涉原理对远道折射波进行增强,它在炮点和检波点都非常密集的情况下效果较好.然而,在应用于台站间距较大且环境噪声较强的广角海底地震仪(OBS)观测时,该方法对折射波的增强能力不足,而且容易产生虚假波形,造成增强后的折射波信噪比仍然较低.针对这种情况,本文提出基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法,通过叠加相邻虚拟道来提高远道与近道互相关的准确度,以达到稳定增强远道折射波信噪比的目的.理论实验和实际资料测试均显示,基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法在台站间距较大和信噪比较低的情况下能够准确构建虚拟道,且增强后的波形同相轴连续程度和信噪比均较高,有利于拾取高精度的折射初至到时.本文方法也可用于增强陆上炮间距较大的广角地震数据折射波. 相似文献
8.
9.
随钻地震(SWD)的波场十分复杂,对钻头有效信号和地表机械干扰成分的分析是SWD重要的资料预处理步骤.本文利用有效信号和噪声带有周期性或时延差异等时间结构特征,引入相关域小波变换进行SWD信号检测和分析.有效信号在钻柱内往复多次传播,因而带有严格的周期性,泥浆泵等机械发出的噪声也是周期性的,这些成分在自相关域内可以得到很好的凸显.SWD波场的各种成分,由于到达各个接收道的时延不同,在互相关域的特定时延处也能够得到凸显.利用小波变换对这些在相关域内得到凸显的成分进行多分辨分析,能够获得优势频率范围、周期、衰减等主要特征.根据这些信息,设计出合理的SWD处理方法,初步得到了有效信号的直达波.数据试处理结果表明,相关域小波变换是随钻地震的一个有效的预处理方法. 相似文献
10.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
为了提高叠前数据质量,将叠前时间偏移/反偏移与共散射点道集相结合,提出了一种新的时间偏移/反偏移方法.利用改进的CRS参数建立精确的速度模型,提高偏移成像质量.将振幅映射到共偏移距顶点来生成共散射点道集,将偏移和中点上的多参数叠加,通过叠加数据,实现了叠前数据增强,道集的数量远高于传统叠前时间偏移的叠加数量.利用基于中点位移、半偏移距和偏移速度的算子进行反偏移处理,能量重新分配回时间域中的每个绕射同相轴,压制噪声,地震资料信噪比和成像精度均得到了提高.提高质量后的叠前数据可用于后续的速度分析、叠加、偏移等常规处理中,效果好于原始CMP道集.模型和实际数据的计算结果均验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,该方法在低信噪比资料的处理中将会有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
11.
The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of seismic reflection data can be significantly enhanced by stacking. However, stacking using the arithmetic mean (straight stacking) does not maximize the S/N ratio of the stack if there are trace-to-trace variations in the S/N ratio. In this case, the S/N ratio of the stack is maximized by weighting each trace by its signal amplitude divided by its noise power, provided the noise is stationary. We estimate these optimum weights using two criteria: the amplitude-decay rate and the measured noise amplitude for each trace. The amplitude-decay rates are measured relative to the median amplitude-decay rate as a function of midpoint and offset. The noise amplitudes are measured using the data before the first seismic arrivals or at late record times. The optimum stacking weights are estimated from these two quantities using an empirical equation. Tests with synthetic data show that, even after noisy-trace editing, the S/N ratio of the weighted stack can be more than 10 dB greater than the S/N ratio of the straight stack, but only a few decibels more than the S/N ratio of the trace equalized stack. When the S/N ratio is close to 0 dB, a difference of 4 dB is clearly visible to the eye, but a difference of 1 dB or less is not visible. In many cases the S/N ratio of the trace-equalized stack is only a few decibels less than that of the optimum stack, so there is little to be gained from weighted stacking. However, when noisy-trace editing is omitted, the S/N ratio of the weighted stack can be more than 10 dB greater than that of the trace-equalized stack. Tests using field data show that the results from straight stacking, trace-equalized stacking, and weighted stacking are often indistinguishable, but weighted stacking can yield slight improvements on isolated portions of the data. 相似文献
12.
DC (direct current) electrical and shallow seismic methods are indispensable to the near surface geophysical exploration, but the near surface areas are very difficult environments for any geophysical exploration due to the random noise caused by near surface inhomogeneities. As a new algorithm based on higher-order statistics theory, the higher-order correlation stacking algorithm for seismic data smoothing in the wavelet domain has been developed and applied efficiently to filter some correlation noise that the conventional second-order correlation stacking could not inhibit. In this paper, this higher-order statistics correlation stacking technology is presented for DC electrical data in wavelet domain. Taking into account the single section and multiple section data, we present two new formulations of correlation stacking for DC electrical data. Synthetic examples with Gaussian noise are designed to analyze the overall efficiency of the new algorithm and to determine its efficacy. Meanwhile, comparison with the traditional least-squares optimization inversion method for field examples from electrical imaging surveys and time-domain IP measurement in China shows its significant advantages. The quality of the new algorithm also has been assessed by physical simulation experiments. This new technology in DC electrical exploration measurements provides a new application in engineering and mining investigation. 相似文献
13.
Yih Jeng Chun-Hung Lin Yi-Wei Li Chih-Sung Chen Hung-Ming Yu 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(3):251-260
Fourier-based algorithms originally developed for the processing of seismic data are applied routinely in the Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data processing, but these conventional methods of data processing may result in an abundance of spurious harmonics without any geological meaning. We propose a new approach in this study based essentially on multiresolution wavelet analysis (MRA) for GPR noise suppression. The 2D GPR section is similar to an image in all aspects if we consider each data point of the GPR section to be an image pixel in general. This technique is an image analysis with sub-image decomposition. We start from the basic image decomposition procedure using conventional MRA approach and establish the filter bank accordingly. With reasonable knowledge of data and noise and the basic assumption of the target, it is possible to determine the components with high S/N ratio and eliminate noisy components. The MRA procedure is performed further for the components containing both signal and noise. We treated the selected component as an original image and applied the MRA procedure again to that single component with a mother wavelet of higher resolution. This recursive procedure with finer input allows us to extract features or noise events from GPR data more effectively than conventional process.To assess the performance of the MRA filtering method, we first test this method on a simple synthetic model and then on experimental data acquired from a control site using 400 MHz GPR system. A comparison of results from our method and from conventional filtering techniques demonstrates the effectiveness of the sub-image MRA method, particularly in removing ringing noise and scattering events. Field study was carried out in a trenched fault zone where a faulting structure was present at shallow depths ready for understanding the feasibility of improving the data S/N ratio by applying the sub-image multiresolution analysis. In contrast to the conventional methods, the MRA sub-image filtering technique provides an overall improvement in image quality of the data as shown in the field study. 相似文献
14.
对于海洋的特殊环境，常规的阻抗估算方法往往不能很好地估算海底大地电磁的阻 抗张量，本文提出了基于相关归一Robust方法. 以相关系数为参数对阻抗张量元素进行归一，据相关系数值的变化修正Robust的权系数. 模拟和实测数据的计算表明，相关归一Robust法比其他常规方法更能有效地抑制干扰. 噪声强度小于30%时常规方法和新方法都能有效 地估算阻抗张量；噪声强度大于50%时，常规方法估算误差明显偏大，新方法误差要小得多，反映出该方法有较强抗干扰的能力. 相似文献
15.
Seismic data often contain traces that are dominated by noise; these traces should be removed (edited) before multichannel filtering or stacking. Noise bursts and spikes should be edited before single channel filtering. Spikes can be edited using a running median filter with a threshold; noise bursts can be edited by comparing the amplitudes of each trace to those of traces that are nearby in offset-common midpoint space. Relative amplitude decay rates of traces are diagnostic of their signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and can be used to define trace editing criteria. The relative amplitude decay rate is calculated by comparing the time-gated trace amplitudes to a control function that is the median trace amplitude as a function of time, offset, and common midpoint. The editing threshold is set using a data-adaptive procedure that analyses a histogram of the amplitude decay rates. A performance evaluation shows that the algorithm makes slightly fewer incorrect trace editing decisions than human editors. The procedure for threshold setting achieves a good balance between preserving the fold of the data and removing the noisiest traces. Tests using a synthetic seismic line show that the relative amplitude decay rates are diagnostic of the traces’S/N ratios. However, the S/N ratios cannot be accurately usefully estimated at the start of processing, where noisy-trace editing is most needed; this is the fundamental limit to the accuracy of noisy trace editing. When trace equalization is omitted from the processing flow (as in amplitude-versus-offset analysis), precise noisy-trace editing is critical. The S/N ratio of the stack is more sensitive to type 2 errors (failing to reject noisy traces) than it is to type 1 errors (rejecting good traces). However, as the fold of the data decreases, the S/N ratio of the stack becomes increasingly sensitive to type 1 errors. 相似文献
16.
17.
海底地震仪（OBS）采集数据的去噪处理是开展OBS震相分析及后续处理反演的基础.本文结合曲波（Curvelet）变换及压缩感知提出一种稀疏化表达的OBS去噪方法,并通过与小波变化对比等探讨去噪效果.曲波变换具有抛物尺度及识别线性异常的优点,可以稀疏地表示OBS数据,再结合压缩感知思想对稀疏表达OBS数据进行去噪处理和重构.通过对变换后的系数进行基于L1范数的冷却阈值迭代滤波,获得最优的变换系数,本文指出基于曲波变换的冷却阈值迭代法能够很好地对OBS数据去噪.对比小波和曲波两种变换在相同迭代次数下对理论模型数据进行去噪处理,表明曲波变换得到的结果信噪比更高.利用本文方法对渤海地区采集的OBS数据进行去噪处理获得了更加清晰连续的震相,噪声压制效果更明显,为震相拾取及后续速度模型反演奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
18.
宽频带地震观测数据中有效信号和干扰噪声经常发生混频效应,常规的频率域滤波方法很难将二者分离.地震波信号属于时变非平稳信号,时频分析方法能够同时得到地震波信号随着时间和频率变化的振幅和相位特征,S变换是其中较为高效的时频分析工具之一.本文以S变换为例,提出了基于相位叠加的时频域相位滤波方法.与传统叠加方法相比,相位叠加方法对强振幅不敏感,对波形一致性相当敏感,更加利于有效弱信号信息的检测.时频域相位滤波方法滤除与有效信号不相干的背景噪声,保留了相位一致的有效信号成分,显著提高了信噪比.运用理论合成的远震接收函数数据和实际的宽频带地震观测数据检验结果显示该方法较传统的带通滤波方法相比,即使在信噪较低且混频严重条件下,时频域相位滤波方法的滤波效果依然很明显,有助于识别能量较弱的有效信号. 相似文献
19.
R. E. WHITE 《Geophysical Prospecting》1977,25(1):165-178
Optimum stacking filters based on estimates of trace signal-to-uncorrelated noise ratios are assessed and compared in performance with conventional straight stacking. It is shown that for the trace durations and signal bandwidths normally encountered in seismic reflection data the errors in estimating signal/noise ratios largely counteract the theoretical advantages of the optimum filter. The more specific the filter (e.g. the more frequency components included in its design) the more this is true. Even for a simple weighted stack independent of frequency, the performance is likely to be better than a straight (equal weights) stack only for relatively high signal/noise ratios, when the performance is not critical anyway. 相似文献
20.
核磁共振(NMR)测井是在高温、高压的极端条件下进行,样品体积小,回波幅度微弱.受到来源复杂的噪声影响,NMR信号通常被淹没在噪声中,测量数据的信噪比较低.提出正则化-启发式阈值算法(Regularization Heursure, R-Heursure)对小波分解后的细节系数阈值降噪,正则化因子的选取与地层孔隙结构和测量数据的原始信噪比相关.通过最大相关系数能量准则选取最优化的母小波函数、消失矩和分解层次,采用正则化因子约束估计的阈值,使选取的阈值恰好能大于噪声水平而不损失小孔(或微孔)的响应信息.数值模拟和实际测井资料处理验证了R-Heursure算法的降噪性能,NMR测井数据的信噪比得以有效改善,为储层评价提供更准确的信息. 相似文献