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1.
On 3 August 2014, the Ludian earthquake struck northwest Yunnan Province with a surface wave magnitude of 6.5. This moderate earthquake unexpectedly caused high fatalities and great economic loss. Four strong motion stations were located in the areas with intensity V, VI, VII and IX, near the epicentre. The characteristics of the ground motion are discussed herein, including 1) ground motion was strong at a period of less than 1.4 s, which covered the natural vibration period of a large number of structures; and 2) the release energy was concentrated geographically. Based on materials collected during emergency building inspections, the damage patterns of adobe, masonry, timber frame and reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures in areas with different intensities are summarised. Earthquake damage matrices of local buildings are also given for fragility evaluation and earthquake damage prediction. It is found that the collapse ratios of RC frame and confined masonry structures based on the new design code are significantly lower than non-seismic buildings. However, the RC frame structures still failed to achieve the ‘strong column, weak beam’ design target. Traditional timber frame structures with a light infill wall showed good aseismic performance. 相似文献
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基于2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震灾区的房屋建筑震害调查资料, 初步分析了这次地震中建筑结构的震害特征. 结合典型建筑结构震害案例, 从抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施的角度对震害机理进行了探讨, 总结了结构抗震设计方面的经验和教训并给出了相关的建议. 分析表明, 农村自建的砖木和土木结构房屋的抗震能力普遍较差; 砖混结构和砌体-框架混合结构的抗震性能需要严格的抗震构造措施给予保证, 包括合理设置钢筋混凝土构造柱和圈梁, 合理设置承重墙的数量以及承重墙上开洞的数量和位置; 由于鞭梢效应造成的突出屋顶的楼梯间和加层的破坏需引起重视. 相似文献
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Study on the effect of the infill walls on the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Motivated by the seismic damage observed to reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures during the Wenchuan earthquake, the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of a RC frame is studied in this paper. Infill walls, especially those made of masonry, offer some amount of stiffness and strength. Therefore, the effect of infill walls should be considered during the design of RC frames. In this study, an analysis of the recorded ground motion in the Wenchuan earthquake is performed. Then, a numerical model is developed to simulate the infill walls. Finally, nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out on a RC frame with and without infill walls, respectively, by using CANNY software. Through a comparative analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The failure mode of the frame with infill walls is in accordance with the seismic damage failure pattern, which is strong beam and weak column mode. This indicates that the infill walls change the failure pattern of the frame, and it is necessary to consider them in the seismic design of the RC frame. The numerical model presented in this paper can effectively simulate the effect of infill walls on the RC frame. 相似文献
4.
汶川地震中离震中较远地区的高层建筑的震害 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
汶川地震中,陕西省西安市和宝鸡市两地处于远震区。远震区高层建筑比多层建筑的震害重。这两地高层建筑的震害主要表现为砌体填充墙和隔墙普遍出现裂缝;房屋顶部附近防震缝两侧的装饰材料震损,部分混凝土构件被撞坏;楼梯间的填充墙普遍开裂等。主体结构中的混凝土梁、柱和剪力墙等承重构件一般没有可见裂缝,部分剪力墙洞口连梁及框架一剪力墙结构中的连梁出现剪切斜裂缝或弯曲裂缝。文中初步分析了震害原因,并提出了设计建议。 相似文献
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An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7 $(\text{ M}_{\mathrm{L}})$ has struck Simav, Kutahya located in the western part of Turkey on May 19, 2011. The ground motion caused observable damage within 25 km radius from the epicenter. Although the earthquake is moderate, its effects on the structures are serious. This paper presents the observations on seismic damages of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. Common reasons of damage in RC buildings are: low quality of concrete, detailing mistakes of reinforcement, short column, pounding, overhangs and misconstructed gable and outer infill wall parts. Interesting cases related to these deficiencies are reported. Damages in the masonry buildings are due to lack of connection between orthogonal walls and unsuitable location and dimension of openings. The damages at structures are more noticeable at regions with unfavorable soil conditions like plain regions or foothills. However, on stiffer soils at hilly sides, the damages seem to be more limited and masonry structures are observed to be less affected compared to the RC ones. The damages in RC buildings found to be increasing with story number for light damage states. However, for heavier damage states, 4–5 story buildings are observed to be the most damaged. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2023,3(1):100180
The report summarizes the observed damage to a variety of buildings near the epicenter of the M6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. They include base-isolated buildings, multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, and masonry buildings. The near-field region is known to be tectonically highly active, and the local intensity level is the highest, that is, 0.4g peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the design basis earthquake, in the Chinese zonation of seismic ground motion parameters. The extent of damage ranged from the weak-story collapse that claimed lives to the extensive nonstructural damage that suspended occupancy. The report highlights the first observation of the destruction of rubber bearings and viscous dampers in the isolation layer of Chinese seismically isolated buildings. It also features the rare observation of the brittle shear failure of RC columns in moment-resisting frames in a region of such a high seismic design requirement. Possible reasons that may have attributed to the reported damage are suggested by providing facts observed in the field. However, careful forensic analyses are needed before any conclusive judgment can be made. 相似文献
9.
Observation of damage caused by the recent Abruzzo earthquake on April 6th 2009 showed how local interaction between infills and RC structures can lead to soft‐storey mechanisms and brittle collapses. Results of the present case study are based on observed damage caused by the earthquake in the zone of Pettino. Analytical model based on simulated design procedure was built up and time history analyses were employed to verify the causes of the structural collapse, as highlighted by observed damage. This failure mechanism was investigated taking into consideration all components of the ground motion. Nonlinear behavior of brick masonry infills was taken into account and two parametric hypotheses for infill mechanical properties were considered, given the uncertainties that typically characterize these nonstructural elements. Nonlinear modeling of infills was made by a three‐strut macro‐model aimed at considering both local and global interaction between RC frame and infills. Seismic input was characterized by the real signal registered during the mainshock near the case‐study structure. Different shear capacity models were considered in the assessment. Analytical results seem to confirm with good approximation the likely collapse scenario that damage observation highlighted; the lack of proper detailing in the columns made the local interaction between infills and RC columns and the strong vertical component of the ground motion to be the main causes of the brittle failure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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青海玛多7.4级地震发生后,本文作者随科考队开展了典型工程的震害调查。本文报道了黄河乡江旁村和昌马河工区这2个典型调查点的建筑震害情况。调查表明:邻近微观震中的黄河乡建筑震害程度相对较轻,主要表现为部分房屋落瓦,砖混结构少数承重墙及框架结构部分隔墙开裂,土木结构房屋部分严重破坏,部分围墙倒塌;而距微观震中以东85 km的昌马河工区建筑震害则相对较重:无抗震措施的砖木结构房屋全部严重破坏或倒塌,具备合理抗震措施的砖混结构基本完好或轻微破坏,在建轻钢厂房均钢柱倾斜、维护墙明显开裂并且围墙多数倒塌。调查分析表明:造成两地震害差异的主要原因为抗震措施差异以及地表破裂和砂土液化影响:黄河乡多数房屋具备合理抗震措施,昌马河工区多数民居缺少抗震措施;昌马河工区附近发现疑似地表破裂痕迹,而紧邻黄河乡的河岸发现砂土液化迹象。这表明昌马河工区的地震作用中类似近场的高频能量可能较多,而黄河乡地区则因砂土液化使得高频地震动作用有所降低,由此造成两地震害程度与震中距呈现反差关系。 相似文献
11.
Irregular reinforced concrete (RC) buildings constitute a significant portion of the existing housing stock. A common type of irregularity is in the form of discontinuity in the vertical framing elements, which can exacerbate their seismic vulnerability. The design guidelines available in seismic design codes essentially cater to only regular buildings, and the safety of such buildings, even when the other guidelines of the codes are followed, is doubtful. This article evaluates the vulnerability of RC frame buildings with discontinuity in columns designed for modern seismic codes, in the form of seismic collapse capacity, collapse resistance against maximum earthquake demand level, and failure mechanism. The adequacy and limitations of the provisions of the seismic design codes are evaluated for such buildings. Analysis results show that the sequential analysis of buildings considering the construction staged effects, considerably affects the design and hence the collapse failure mechanism of even low- and mid-rise buildings. The results also underline the importance of strong column–weak beam design in the seismic performance of the floating column buildings. The vertical component of ground motion is also observed to be relatively more crucial in floating column buildings. 相似文献
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Revision of seismic design codes corresponding to building damagesin the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Yayong Wang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(2):147-155
A large number of buildings were seriously damaged or collapsed in the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake. Based on field surveys and studies of damage to different types of buildings, seismic design codes have been updated. This paper briefly summarizes some of the major revisions that have been incorporated into the "Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions GB50223-2008" and "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings GB50011-2001." The definition of seismic fortification class for buildings has been revisited, and as a result, the seismic classifications for schools, hospitals and other buildings that hold large populations such as evacuation shelters and information centers have been upgraded in the GB50223-2008 Code. The main aspects of the revised GB50011-2001 code include: (a) modification of the seismic intensity specified for the Provinces of Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu; (b) basic conceptual design for retaining walls and building foundations in mountainous areas; (c) regularity of building configuration; (d) integration of masonry structures and precast RC floors; (e) requirements for calculating and detailing stair shafts; and (f) limiting the use of single-bay RC frame structures. Some significant examples of damage in the epicenter areas are provided as a reference in the discussion on the consequences of collapse, the importance of duplicate structural systems, and the integration of RC and masonry structures. 相似文献
13.
Past earthquake experiences indicate that most buildings designed in accordance with modern seismic design codes could survive moderate‐to‐strong earthquakes; however, the financial loss due to repairing cost and the subsequent business interruption can be unacceptable. Designing building structures to meet desired performance targets has become a clear direction in future seismic design practice. As a matter of fact, the performance of buildings is affected by structural as well as non‐structural components, and involves numerous uncertainties. Therefore, appropriate probabilistic approach taking into account structural and non‐structural damages is required. This paper presents a fuzzy–random model for the performance reliability analysis of RC framed structures considering both structural and non‐structural damages. The limit state for each performance level is defined as an interval of inter‐storey drift ratios concerning, respectively, the non‐structural and structural damage with a membership function, while the relative importance of the two aspects is reflected through the use of an appropriate cost function. To illustrate the methodology, herein the non‐structural damage is represented by infill masonry walls. The probabilistic drift limits for RC components and masonry walls from the associated studies are employed to facilitate the demonstration of the proposed model in an example case study. The results are compared with those obtained using classical reliability model based on single‐threshold performance definition. The proposed model provides a good basis for incorporating different aspects into the performance assessment of a building system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Wang Yayong 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(3):255-262
Many different types of buildings were severely damaged or collapsed during the May 12, 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on survey data collected in regions that were subjected to moderate to severe earthquake intensities, a comparison between the observed building damage, and the three earthquake performance objectives and seismic conceptual design principles specified by the national ＂Code for Seismic Design of Buildings GB50011-2001,＂ was carried out. Actual damage and predicted damage for a given earthquake level for different types of structures is compared. Discussions on seismic conceptual design principles, with respect to multiple defense lines, strong column-weak beam, link beam of shear walls, ductility detailing of masonry structures, exits and staircases, and nonstructural elements, etc. are carried out. Suggestions for improving the seismic design of structures are also proposed. It is concluded that the seismic performance objectives for three earthquake levels, i.e., ＂no failure under minor earthquake level, ＂＂repairable damage under moderate earthquake level＂ and ＂no collapse under major earthquake level＂ can be achieved if seismic design principles are carried out by strictly following the code requirements and ensuring construction quality. 相似文献
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Lutz Hermanns Alberto Fraile Enrique Alarcón Ramón Álvarez 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):1977-1997
On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 5 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of one of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill walls ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. Structural as well as non-structural masonry walls suffered important damage that led to redistributions of forces causing in some cases the failure of columns. The importance of the interaction between the structural frames and the infill panels is analyzed by means of non-linear Finite Element Models. The resulting load levels are compared with the member capacities and the changes of the mechanical properties during the seismic event are described and discussed. In the light of the results obtained the observed failure patterns are explained. Some comments are stated concerning the adequacy of the numerical models that are usually used during the design phase for the seismic analysis. 相似文献
16.
汶川地震后绵竹、都江堰市房屋震害调查与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据笔者在四川省绵竹市、都江堰市参加建设部组织的汶川地震震后房屋应急评估所取得的资料,对该次地震造成的建筑结构破坏进行了分析,从砖砌体结构、混凝土框架结构、构造问题以及设计与施工缺陷4个方面,论述了各种破坏的形态与成因,讨论了现行设计方法中存在的问题,提出了相应的改进建议。主要结论有：砌体结构的底层墙体强度不足、开间过大、形体复杂是导致其破坏的重要原因,在设计中,应适当提高砌体结构底层墙体的强度,控制房屋的开间,加强形体变化部位;砌体结构的窗下墙应作为连接墙肢的连梁考虑,可以将其设计成抗震设防的第一道防线;框架结构设计中,应考虑框架与填充墙的相互作用,考虑楼梯斜梁或斜板参与结构的整体受力;在现行规范要求的基础上,要适当增加框架柱的截面,节点附近的箍筋应采用焊接封闭箍或螺旋箍;应加强非结构构件的连接与锚固;对乡村房屋建设应予以监管,杜绝结构体系不明确的房屋出现。 相似文献
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2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震给震区建筑结构造成了不同程度破坏。选择震区钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构、砖混结构以及土石木结构等3类典型建筑结构，介绍了各类建筑结构地震破坏特点，分析了震害特征与破坏机理。结果表明:RC框架结构在地震中表现出了优异的抗震性能，即使在震中区，破坏也仅仅表现为非结构性破坏，如填充墙开裂和吊顶脱落等；砖混结构绝大多数抗震性能优良，仅震中区的少数建筑物发生了承重墙墙体开裂情况；土石木结构房屋抗震性能最差，地震破坏最为严重，是导致该次地震人员伤亡主要原因。建议地震高烈度设防区房屋建筑应采用抗震性能较好的RC框架结构和砖混结构，而抗震性能差的土石木建筑房屋应尽量避免继续建设和使用。结果可供类似地区房屋建设和建筑结构抗震设计等工作参考。 相似文献
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四川长宁6.0级地震发生后，作者第一时间前往地震现场，获得第一手震害资料。基于“散、脆、偏、单”评估法，对当地建筑物震害特点和成灾机理进行深入剖析，并提出整治措施。实际震害显示，当前我国城乡建筑亟待解决的问题是“散”和“脆”；学校建筑和底商结构在此次地震中仍表现出诸多抗震不利问题，集中体现在因填充墙布置不合理导致的“偏”；高层建筑主体结构虽在地震后保存完好，但填充墙破坏较重，修缮费用较高。震害调查结果警醒行业人员需围绕实际震害特点精准发力，优化结构概念设计，全面提升抗震能力，推动韧性城乡建设。 相似文献
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砌体建筑群在地震中往往破坏严重损失巨大，合理评估地震作用对不同种类砌体结构造成破坏的风险变得至关重要。传统基于后验概率的地震危险性分析方法忽略了砌体建筑个体差异性的影响，未深入考虑多种震害因子的耦合作用。本文以华南地区砌体建筑群为例，开发了一种集成概率方法来对城市砌体结构的破坏风险进行建模，考虑建筑年代、层数、使用用途和墙厚四类震害因子的耦合影响，采用(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)K-S检验，在设定地震动参数下选取Gaussian分布、Log-Normal分布、Gumbel分布和Beta分布四种概率分布对该地区砌体建筑物的破坏状态概率分布参数进行拟合。通过均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error)RMSE进行拟合优度评价，最终建立基于Gaussian分布和Log-Normal分布的砌体建筑物破坏联合概率模型。最后，以华南地区三个城市典型砌体建筑物为例进行实例对比验证，将基于本文建立的建筑破坏概率模型推算出的砌体建筑群震害矩阵与基于单体结构分析得到的震害矩阵进行对比，与理论值最大偏差为0.033 3。研究表明：本文构建的集成概率方法能够获得更加合理的城市砌体建筑... 相似文献
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Damage to urban buildings in zones of intensities Ⅷ and Ⅶ during the Wenchuan earthquake and discussion on some typical damages 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jingjiang Sun Yuhong Tang Chao Zheng Hongbin Shi Lin Lin Zhongxian Sun 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(2):165-173
The outline and typical characteristics of damages to building in Jiangyou city and Anxian county (intensity Ⅷ), Mianyang city and Deyang city (intensity Ⅶ) are introduced in the paper. The damage ratios, based on the sample statistics of multi-story brick buildings together with multi-story brick buildings with RC frame at first story (BBF), are presented. Then some typical damages, such as horizontal cricks of brick masonry buildings, Ⅹ-shaped cricks on the walls under windows, the damages to columns, beams and infill walls of frame buildings and the damage to half circle-shaped masonry walls, are discussed. 相似文献