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2008年四川汶川MW7.9地震和1999年台湾集集MW7.6地震均为挤压推覆构造环境条件下发生的板内逆断层型地震。本文对比分析了两次地震前的CMT解、震区附近的中小地震震源机制解及其反演的应力场可知,集集地震主震震源机制解与用台湾内陆中西部的CMT解反演得到逆断层类型构造应力场吻合,而震区附近中小地震具有随机发生的性质,反演得到了震前与构造应力场不一致的走向滑动类型的局部应力场,但当局部应力场变化到与构造应力场一致时,数月后发生主震;同样,用青藏高原东部的CMT解震源机制反演得到走向滑动类型的构造应力场,逆冲类型的汶川主震与构造应力场的压应力轴吻合,震区附近中小地震反演得到了与构造应力场一致的区域应力场,但震前局部应力场变化为逆冲类型应力场一致时,随即发生主震。说明逆断层型主震区附近随着震源区应力积累,在震前会出现相似的应力场转换现象,当最终转换到与发生主震的应力状态一致时,表明震源区附近应力已达到相当高的应力水平,是发生大地震的征兆,应引起进一步的关注。 相似文献
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利用2008—2017年夏县地震台断层气汞浓度观测数据,分析其异常变化与地震活动间的关联性,结合同时段震源机制解、库仑应力和由GPS基线推测的山西南部构造应力场、地壳形变特征,解释断层气汞浓度变化与区域构造活动间的关系。结果表明：①按照气汞浓度背景值变化幅度的不同,研究时段大致分为2010年10月—2011年7月、2013年3—12月、2015年1月—2017年5月等3个阶段,其中,第2、3阶段的背景值分别为第1阶段的8倍、60倍;②距测点200 km范围内4级左右地震发生前,气汞浓度往往表现为一组高值突跳变化,变化幅度高出平均背景值几倍至几十倍,震后很快降低至背景值附近;③气汞浓度趋势性上升和多组高值突跳变化、震源机制一致性参数高值、库仑应力积累、GPS压性作用增强和转折等,在时间上具有较好的准同步性,在空间上较吻合,表明夏县地震台断层气汞浓度异常与区域构造活动密切相关。 相似文献
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根据三峡与邻近地区实际天然地震数据,利用GMT软件绘制出三峡地区两次地震的震源机制解。绘制出了三峡地区1964年以来地震震中分布情况,以及频率变化。震源机制解以及三峡与邻近地区断层资料显示出该地区受到西藏块体、四川盆地、川滇块体与鄂尔多斯地块的共同挤压作用,三峡及邻区的现今水平构造应力场的主压应力轴为北东东向,是喜马拉雅期构造应力场的继续。近东西向的向东移动显示出该地区可能为青藏高原地幔物质向东"逃逸"的通道之一。根据水库蓄水前后震源机制解资料反映的震源机制变化,认为蓄水对于三峡及邻区应力场在垂向上有一定的影响。 相似文献
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应用现代中小地震的震源机制解 ,以山东地区为例 ,推断了该区的现今构造应力场 ,分析了区域构造应力场整体与局部变化特点。在此基础上 ,探讨了区域构造应力场与地震活动的关系 相似文献
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本文在分析晋陕断陷带1965年以来的地震P波初动资料的基础上,通过单个震源机制解的统计分析、构造分区地震综合断层节面解、震源机制分区地震综合断层节面解,讨论了该断陷带的现代构造应力场与地震断错类型,讨论了区域构造应力场与局部构造应力场的关系及地震断错的应力状态. 相似文献
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为了深入研究地电阻率1年尺度以上趋势变化的区域性和同步性,本文从地电阻率与水位、水准的关系以及地电阻率固体潮现象的角度,通过理论、实验、实例分析了地电阻率趋势变化产生的原因.分析结果显示,地电阻率趋势变化与观测系统或水位(非构造水位)无关,而与周围构造变化有关,且趋势上升和下降分别反映了周围应力场的压性和张性变化.在此基础上,以高邮台和成都台为例,从地电阻率与周围地震的关系分析了地电阻率趋势变化的场兆特征,结果表明地电阻率在上升趋势转折时更具有短期的预测意义.本文结果可以为研究地电阻率的长期趋势变化现象提供参考; 未来地震的预测需在综合各台站观测结果的基础上才能有效地判定区域应力场的方向和相对幅度,从而给出有意义的地震前兆预测结果. 相似文献
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利用多个震源机制解求祁连山西段平均应力场方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
祁连山西段由于受到多个构造块体的共同约束,表现出复杂的地球物理特性和地质特性。本文利用14个中强地震震源机制解和2001-2012年66个中小地震震源机制解分析了区域应力场特征。结果显示,地震的震源性质以走滑和逆冲为主,印证了祁连山西段基本构造变形特征;三个区域应力张量的定量结果显示,最大主压应力σ1方向在NE向,水平挤压作用明显,且具有一定的分区特征,表明局部应力场受到局部构造的影响。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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