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中昆仑山区封闭湖泊湖面波动及其气候意义 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：18
封闭湖泊湖面波动是气候变化很敏感的指示器,其水量平衡特征对此可给予理论证明,进而可将这种灵敏度表示为Z=A_l/A_b=(P_b-E_b)/(E_l—P_l)。中昆仑山区的封闭湖泊自17000a B.P.以来曾经历了三次高湖面,即17000a B.P.前后、12000a B.P.前后及8000—6000a B.P.。其中第一期的高湖面与高山区冰体消融、西风带位置的变动及土壤湿度、太阳辐射值的变化有关,第二次的高湖面是湖泊总体收缩下降过程中出现的相对稳定或短暂回升,第三期的高湖面是全球性温湿气候的产物。理论探讨与实例分析均说明,封闭湖泊湖面波动不仅对无人类观测记录的地质历史时期的气候变化有着重要的指示性,而且可以弥补人类观测资料的不足,是研究气候变化的理想场所。 相似文献
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高海拔地区由于特殊的自然环境对气候变化和营养输入的响应十分敏感.在人类活动逐渐加强的背景下，高山湖泊高分辨率的沉积物记录了人与自然相互作用的演变过程.选取云南西北部典型高山湖泊——错恰湖，获取长度37 cm的连续湖泊沉积序列，基于铅铯测年法得到年代深度模型，并对湖芯样品进行总有机碳、总氮及正构烷烃的多指标测定和元素测量，结合气象监测数据探讨分析错恰湖的有机质来源和流域环境演化特征.根据气候代用指标的变化，两百年来错恰湖泊环境及区域气候演化可以分成4个主要阶段：1807-1900年：湖泊水位上升、湖面扩大，有机质丰度下降，有机质以外源贡献为主，内源比例上升；1900-1950年：湖泊水位开始下降、湖面收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源有机质来源增加；1950-1982年：湖泊水位下降、湖面进一步收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源输入比例继续增加；1982-2007年：湖泊水位下降、湖面收缩，有机质含量上升且以陆源输入为主，同时内源贡献比例开始增加.在元素测定结果中，人类活动对应了湖泊沉积重金属含量变化的3个阶段：1950年以前，重金属含量低且稳定，可视作自然背景阶段，人类影响忽略不计；1950年以后，湖泊流域工农业逐渐发展，人为干扰凸显；直到1982年以后，冶炼工业的进步加强了重金属的污染态势，并通过大气传输沉降被湖泊沉积物记录.错恰湖沉积记录的分析讨论在总结该区域气候环境演化历史的同时，加深了对气候人类活动湖泊生态系统相互作用过程的理解，为高山湖泊响应人类活动影响提供了证据. 相似文献
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呼伦湖晚第四纪湖相地层沉积学及湖面波动历史 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对内蒙古呼伦湖盆地扎赉诺尔地区晚第四纪湖泊沉积物进行了沉积学(沉积构造、结构、垂向层序等)和~(14)C年代地层学研究,并逐层识别出地层剖面的各种沉积相类型,包括开阔湖、近岸带、滨岸沙滩、滨岸沼泽和滨岸沙丘等不同类型沉积,依此恢复了30kaB.P.以来的湖泊演化和湖面波动历史。其中13～11kaB.P.是湖面最高时期,10.9～0.6kaB.P.的低湖面可能与新仙女木事件有关。 相似文献
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大布苏湖地貌——沉积类型与湖泊演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
大布苏湖地处松嫩平原南部，是一个封闭的构造断湖，湖区山貌类型复杂，沉积环境独具特色，根据地形面的分层和特征，结合^14C测年，确定大布苏湖形成于晚更新世晚期，湖泊形成的早期，曾经历了深湖的发育阶段，全新世以来，湖面波动式下降，并有两次规模较大的扩张和收缩时期，形成了两个完整的湖进、湖退沉积旋回、晚全新世以来，气候干燥，风力作用活跃，湖面明显萎缩，形成我国东部地区极为罕见的盐湖。 相似文献
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洪湖沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以洪湖沉积物为研究对象,通过对Hh01-2(B)孔岩芯磁参数的测量发现在岩芯所代表的时间段内洪湖沉积物磁化率呈现了明显的四个主阶段变化;频率磁化率变化与磁化率变化具有较好的相关性,亚铁磁性矿物的变化主导了沉积物磁化率的变化.同时结合年代、孢粉分析以及参考相关历史记载资料,发现磁化率高值段对应湖水动力强、湖面较宽、气候较湿润,而磁化率低值段对应湖水动力弱、湖面较小、气候偏干旱.从而得出了洪湖沉积物磁参数曲线波峰和波谷分别对应洪湖在历史上曾经历了扩张和收缩、气候温湿和冷干的旋回. 相似文献
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古昆仑湖地区183-90kaBP间的微体古生物与环境变迁 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
古昆仑湖位于昆仑山垭口昆仑河谷地,大约在200kaBP前已开始沉积,沉积物为一套灰、灰绿、土黄色粉砂质、砂质粘土,厚约7m.在纳赤台西北剖面5.6-2.4m层段产较多微体化石,介形类有8属12种:Ilyocypris biplicata(Koch),I.bradyi Sars,Eucypris crassa(Mller),E.elliptica(Baird),E.rischtanica Schneider,Candona candida(Mller),Stenocypriscf.major(Baird),Cypridopsis obesa Brady Robertson,Prionocypris gansenensis Huang,Potamocypris villosa(Jurine),P.cf.wolfi Brehm和Limnocythere dubiosa Daday等.轮藻类有Chara aliensis Z.Wang,Chara gansenensis S.Wang和Charasp.根据U系法测年,含化石地层的年龄大约为168-90kaBP,属于倒数第二次冰期至末次间冰期早期.按生物组合和沉积物特征分析,古昆仑湖区在183-90kaBP的环境气候变化大致有两个大的期次、6个小期次:(1)183-130kaBP冷湿期,湖区环境较冷湿,湖泊水质较淡,水温不高.早期(约183-170kaBP),湖面较宽,水体较深,环境动荡,化石贫乏;中期(约170-151.3kaBP),湖面有一定收缩,水质含盐度有所提升,水温仍不高,湖区环境湿度较大;晚期(约151.3-130kaBP),化石贫乏,生态环境、水质条件可能与早期类同.(2)130-90kaBP凉湿期,湖内生态环境较好,生物门类中除介形类外,出现沉水性植物轮藻类,且介形类生物量较前期有很大增加,属种分异度较好.早期(约130-105kaBP),偏冷湿;中期(约105-98kaBP),凉湿,为生物大发展大繁盛时期;晚期(约98-90kaBP),偏凉湿,在98-93kaBP,环境不宜生物生息,化石贫乏;约93-90kaBP,生态环境有所改善,有介形类3属5种,但生物量较小. 相似文献
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为定量描述地震短临过程中地电前兆异常,设计了一种新的地电前兆指标————地电阻率(月)相对变化速率R(t),并选取国际上公认的1976年唐山7.8级地震前的地电阻率资料,进行R(t)动态演化图象特征的研究．结果表明: ① 震前约10～9个月,震中区一定范围内地电阻率开始出现加速下降异常,且震中区的下降速率大于外围地区的下降速率;② 随着震前倒计时的减小,震中区的R(t)值逐渐增大(地电阻率下降加速);③ R(t)值以震中区为中心,随着震前倒计时的减小,R(t)等值线向外围传播;④ 震中区的R(t)值加速下降到极值［R(t)=7.0］后,转为减速(2～3个月),再加速而发震．同时,R(t)等值线停止由震中向外围传播转为反向收缩(2~3个月后)即发震．其物理过程可用傅承义先生的红肿假说及梅世蓉、牛志仁等的滑动软化与岩体失稳理论来解释． 相似文献
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通过对现代乌伦古湖附近出露的古湖相沉积剖面的AMS~(14)C测年,粒度、总有机碳、总有机氮以及碳酸盐等环境代用指标的分析及其与全新世钻孔沉积记录的对比研究,结果发现:乌伦古湖在MIS-3晚期的33600-22500 cal a BP以及冰后期至早中全新世的16500-6500 cal a BP期间,维持着湖相沉积环境,湖面约比现在湖面高40 m.33600-22500 cal a BP的MIS-3晚期,气候相对温暖,乌伦古湖呈现高湖面特征,湖泊沉积物来源以流水搬运为主;22500-16500 cal a BP的末次冰期冰盛期,气候寒冷干燥,湖泊沉积物来源以风力搬运为主;16500-6500 cal a BP的冰后期以及早、中全新世期间,气候回暖,湖泊沉积物主要来源于河流径流作用.6500-5500 cal a BP,受高温干旱事件的影响,湖面收缩、水位剧降,除沉积中心外的其它钻孔位置出现沉积中断.5500 cal a BP后气候转冷变湿,湖泊重新恢复到现在的状态.乌伦古湖MIS-3晚期以来的古湖相沉积环境变化及其反映的古气候万年尺度上的干湿变化与周边区域气候环境变化记录有很好的一致性,响应了区域环境变化和全球气候突变事件.季风和西风的强度消长变化及其引起的环流条件改变以及温度变化引起的蒸发效应可能是区域气候环境变化的主要原因.这一古湖相沉积记录的研究可为MIS-3晚期以来北疆地区的古湖泊演化以及长时间尺度上西风和季风环流相互关系及其影响区的气候环境演化提供地质证据. 相似文献
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滇池北缘草海地区的草2孔，含丰富的孢粉和藻类化石，根据其成分的变化，并与现代湖底层沉积物中花粉和藻类分布规律进行对比，结果表明距今约50000年以来，滇池经历了由浅湖-大湖（湖进）-浅湖（湖退）的演变过程。 相似文献
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呼伦湖晚第四纪湖相地层沉积学及湖面波动历史 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
对内蒙古呼伦湖盆地扎赉诺尔地区晚第四纪湖泊沉积物进行了沉积学（沉积构造、结构、垂向层序等）和＾１４Ｃ年代地层学研究，并逐层识别出地层剖面的各种沉积相类型，包括开阔湖、近岸带、滨岸沙滩、滨岸沼泽和滨岸沙丘等不同类型沉积，依此恢复了３０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的湖泊演化和湖面波动历史。其中１３￣１１ｋａＢ．Ｐ．是湖面最高时期；１０．９￣１０．６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．的低湖面可能与新仙女木事件有关。 相似文献
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湖泊营养类型的FUZZY聚类分析 总被引：7，自引：8，他引：7
通过1985—1988年对洱海水体的水质、生物等参数的观测分析,研究其富营养现状及变化规律。结果表明,洱海已从1985年的贫中营养型湖泊向中营养型湖泊过渡。其营养状况的变化与流域气候、湖水水位以及非点源污染有关。 相似文献
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Equatorial high mountain lakes are a special type of lake occurring mainly in the South American Andes as well as in Central Africa and Asia. They occur at altitudes of a few thousand meters above sea level and are cold-water lakes (<20 °C). Relatively little is known about them. A long-term limnological study was therefore undertaken at Lake Lago San Pablo, Ecuador to analyze the basic limnological processes of this lake, which has a tendency for eutrophication. Lago San Pablo is spread over an area of 668 hectares, has a maximum depth of 35 m, and is located 2660 m above sea level. Its thermal stratification is a monomictic one, with only 1–2 °C difference between the epi- and hypolimnion; overturn is achieved by strong winds during the dry summer period. The stratification phase is characterized by an oxygen deficit in the lower part of the hypolimnion. Besides, strong convective currents occur due to nocturnal cooling, and partial lake mixing was observed during the nocturnal period. This type of lake mixing is called atelomixis, which is characterized by the partial mixing of isolated layers (difference in temperature or ionic content) during stratification. The nutrient level of the lake is quite high: mean Ptotal concentration = 0.22 mg/l, mean Ntotal = 1.05 mg/l, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) > 0.01 mg/l, and soluble inorganic nitrogen > 0.2 mg/l. Nitrogen and phosphorus are available in the epilimnion all year round (Nsol. inorg·. = 0.3 to 1.7 mg/l N, SRP = 0.04 to 0.63 mg/l P). The N/P ratio is sometimes > 14, sometimes < 10, indicating a variability of the limiting nutrient factor. Considering the nutrient level, the phytoplankton biomass is quite low (about 4,000 cells per ml on average; maximum cell number: 13,000 in 1998 and 10,000 in 1999). The mean epilimnic chlorophyll content (Chl a was 10 mg/l in 1998 and 11 g/l in 1999, and the maximum Chl a content was 16 and 22 g/l in 1998 and 1999, respectively.Phytoplankton production can be limited by nutrients, mainly nitrogen, but convective currents can also cause a significant loss of biomass. The lake's euphotic zone is smaller than its epilimnic zone, indicating that light radiation is limiting in the deeper water body, this is caused by a weak thermocline due to destratification by nocturnal cooling, the atelomixis. 相似文献
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M. Martínez E. Fernndez J. Valds V. Barboza R. Van der Laat E. Duarte E. Malavassi L. Sandoval J. Barquero T. Marino 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,97(1-4)
Concentrations of chloride and sulfate and pH in the hot crater lake (Laguna Caliente) at Poás volcano and in acid rain varied over the period 1993–1997. These parameters are related to changes in lake volume and temperature, and changes in summit seismicity and fumarole activity beneath the active crater. During this period, lake level increased from near zero to its highest level since 1953, lake temperature declined from a maximum value of 70°C to a minimum value of 25°C, and pH of the lake water increased from near zero to 1.8. In May 1993 when the lake was nearly dry, chloride and sulfate concentrations in the lake water reached 85,400 and 91,000 mg l−1, respectively. Minimum concentrations of chloride and sulfate after the lake refilled to its maximum volume were 2630 and 4060 mg l−1, respectively. Between January 1993 and May 1995, most fumarolic activity was focused through the bottom of the lake. After May 1995, fumarolic discharge through the bottom of the lake declined and reappeared outside the lake within the main crater area. The appearance of new fumaroles on the composite pyroclastic cone coincided with a dramatic decrease in type B seismicity after January 1996. Between May 1995 and December 1997, enhanced periods of type A seismicity and episodes of harmonic tremor were associated with an increase in the number of fumaroles and the intensity of degassing on the composite pyroclastic cone adjacent to the crater lake. Increases in summit seismic activity (type A, B and harmonic tremor) and in the height of eruption plumes through the lake bottom are associated with a period of enhanced volcanic activity during April–September 1994. At this time, visual observations and remote fumarole temperature measurements suggest an increase in the flux of heat and gases discharged through the bottom of the crater lake, possibly related to renewed magma ascent beneath the active crater. A similar period of enhanced seismic activity that occurred between August 1995 and January 1996, apparently caused fracturing of sealed fumarole conduits beneath the composite pyroclastic cone allowing the focus of fumarolic degassing to migrate from beneath the lake back to the 1953–1955 cone. Changes in the chemistry of summit acid rain are correlated changes in volcanic activity regardless of whether fumaroles are discharging into the lake or are discharging directly into the atmosphere. 相似文献
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全新世以来洞庭湖的演变 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
本文根据全新世沉积物的岩性、岩相特征和文化遗址的时空分布,结合孢粉资料与历史文献记载,揭示了全新世以来洞庭湖演变的六个阶段:(1)晚更新世末至全新世初为河湖切割平原;(2)中全新世早、中期(8000—5000a B.P.)是湖泊扩展时期;(3)中全新世晚期(5000—3000 a B.P.)四水复合三角洲发育,湖沼洼地零星分布;(4)商周至秦汉(3000—1700 a B.P.)四水分流间洼地湖泊和沼泽广布,汛期河湖水体相连;(5)魏晋至19世纪中叶,洞庭湖逐渐发展至鼎盛阶段;(6)19世纪中叶至今,三角洲迅速推进,湖泊逐渐萎缩。研究认为这种发育演化过程与区域性气候变化、人类活动直接相关。 相似文献
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藏西北结则茶卡湖面到高位湖岸线间湖泊记录发育,沿岸湖积物中3个U系年龄分别为14.2±1.2kaBP、38.0±3.5 kaBP和41.6±3.2 kaBP,6个浅井沉积物中CaO、MgO、NaCl、LiCl、B2O3的含量与沉积物形成时代和环境有一定的关联性.在中更新末期,该湖可能处于高湖位期,随着晚更新世初期以来气候变干,湖面开始下降,湖泊逐渐萎缩,湖水盐度逐渐增加,Ca和Mg含量变高,但在30kaBP左右,气候有过短暂湿润期,湖水出现返淡趋势,之后湖水进一步浓缩,湖水中Na、B、Li含量显著增高,盐湖大约在15kaBP左右形成. 相似文献
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OSL dating of past lake levels for a large dammed lake in southern Tibet and determination of possible controls on lake evolution 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fluvio‐lacustrine terraces along Phung Chu (river) on the central southern Tibetan Plateau indicate that a large palaeo‐dammed‐lake formerly existed in this area. Based on landscape survey, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and sedimentary analyses, this research shows that the Phung Chu was blocked and a dammed‐lake over 2500 km2 in size formed before 30 ka ago. OSL dating analysis suggests the fluvio‐lacustrine sediments were well bleached and yield accurate age estimates for two lake drainage events. The first drainage event took place after 30 ka, resulted in river incision and formed a high terrace at 50 m height from the present river level. The second drainage happened after 3.7 ka, resulted in further river incision and formed the second terrace at 25 m height from the present river level. According to the distribution of the fluvio‐lacustrine sediments, active normal faults (particularly the Kharta Fault) in this region and the high gradient slopes after Phung Chu enters the Yö Ri gorge, seismically‐induced landsliding is regarded as highly likely to have been the cause of river blockage and associated formation of a dammed‐lake, although glacial damming is also a possible cause. The volume of drainages from this dammed‐lake may have led to catastrophic flooding and analogous modern lakes represent significant geo‐hazard risks to down‐river human settlements. As dammed‐lakes are special phases in fluvial evolution, often involving river blockage, breakthrough and drastic catchment change, these processes can reveal how tectonic or climatic events modify landforms. However, such tectonic‐derived landform changes can also impact palaeo‐climate of the region. Thus this study has added new evidence regarding the evolutionary history of a dammed lake including its formation, duration, extent and final drainage, which is crucial for understanding its general landscape process mechanisms and for better assessing geo‐hazard risks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖,与长江连通,在防洪抗旱和湿地生态保护等方面具有重要的现实意义.采用Terra/MODIS L1B遥感数据,提取了2000-2012年洞庭湖水面面积,结合同期城陵矶水位观测数据,建立了城陵矶水位与洞庭湖水面面积的绳套关系曲线.分析结果表明:2000-2012年间,洞庭湖水面面积呈现总体减少的趋势;在季节上表现为规律性的涨落,具有明显的涨(4-6月)-丰(7-9月)-退(10-12月)-枯(1-3月)的水文特征;在空间格局上表现为由湖体中心向外扩张,随后由外向湖体中心逐渐收缩的变化过程;洞庭湖水面面积与城陵矶水位之间具有较高的相关性,但不同时期的相关系数存在一定的差异:枯水期二者相关性较低,丰水期相关性最高,涨水期和退水期相关性较高;这种差异与各个时期的主导因素不同有关,长江来水对枯水期、丰水期的绳套关系影响较大,其中东洞庭湖最为明显;不论丰水年(2002年)或干旱年(2011年),洞庭湖水面面积变化与城陵矶水位之间的相关性均较高.研究结果对于深入认识江湖关系的宏观复杂性、长江中下游地区以及洞庭湖水域洪涝灾害的预防和治理都具有积极的意义. 相似文献