共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 432 毫秒
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通过多种分析方法对华北近三十年来的中强地震前的地磁异常进行分析，发现地震的孕育、发生在时空分布上与地磁场的变化有一定的相关性。震中距200km范围内，中强地震前很多站都出现变幅不等的地磁异常变化，异常时间多数在一年内。异常形态多趋势性上升或趋势性下降。 相似文献
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本文利用1979—1983年我国地磁台站磁暴急始资料,逐年计算了△Z/△H及传递函数a、b。结果表明,位于我国东部(佘山除外)台站的△Z/△H及a值,绝大多数在0.10之内。中部台站△Z/△H及a值较高,约在0.13—0.21范围内,其中兰州最大,银川次之,佘山、西安、成都为负值,数值也较大。各台的△Z/△H及a值未见明显趋势性变化,b值逐年变化起伏较大,无明显规律性。 相似文献
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昆仑山口西8.1级地震前兆场异常的综合演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从综合的角度系统分析了2001年11月14日青海昆仑山口西8．1级地震前青海地区前兆场异常的演化特征，从时、空、强3个方面总结了趋势性异常、短临异常的演变过程，并提出趋势性异常属于远场大震异常，其异常形态多数继承了兴海6．6级地震前的异常特征，临震异常具有从震中向外围迁移的特性。 相似文献
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介绍了2014 年2 月12 日新疆于田MS7. 3 地震周围区域前兆监测能力及震前和田台金属摆存在的趋势性异常和中短期异常,并与2008 年3 月21 日于田MS7. 3 地震前兆异常进行对比分析。研究结果表明,本次地震前趋势性异常表现为2012 年以后金属摆倾斜趋势性东倾变化,中短期异常表现为两分量的速率变化加速、停滞,矢量方向和模长突变的特征;2 次7 级地震前和田台金属摆倾斜趋势性异常相同,都发生在趋势性东倾阶段,而中短期异常在持续时间、异常特征和发震间隔等方面存在显著不同。 相似文献
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Richard B. Marston 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):45-52
Abstract A watershed's seasonal streamflow fluctuations are caused by meteorological conditions as they are modified by the watershed's inherent characteristics such as size, shape, aspect, geology, and plant cover. Records from Halfway Creek watershed, a perennial tributary to Farmington Creek located on the Wasatch Mountains in northern Utah, show that winter streamflow comprises only a small portion of the total annual yield. The winter contribution, which is low but constant, originates as drainage from deep aquifers. A much greater portion of the water yield comes in the spring as seepage flow derived from melting snow and spring rains, although the highest instantaneous spring peak so far recorded is only 24 csm (cubic feet per second per square mile). Initial recession of the flow of Halfway Creek from its spring peak is rapid, but in a short time its decrease becomes so gradual that in late summer the hydrograph becomes an almost flat line. The summer recession ends when climatic conditions in the autumn cause cessation of plant growth. Rainstorms often interrupt the normal summer recession. Most of these interruptions are brief, but the height of the peak varies widely. For instance, in the 24-year period 1923–1947 when the vegetation cover was depleted, overland flow from short duration intense summer rainstorms caused mud-rock floods from Halfway Creek watershed that had instantaneous peaks 100 to 200 times greater than the spring peak. The relations presented in this report were determined for a small area and are based on specific records. They apply in a general way to a much greater area in northern Utah and the Intermountain West of which they are representative. 相似文献
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J. M. BUTTLE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):285-294
Abstract The influence of suburbanization upon runoff response to snowmelt and rain-on-snow inputs was examined for a small drainage basin in south-central Ontario. Modification of more than 50% of the basin area over a 14 year period led to a six-fold increase in the spring quickflow response ratio and an increase in the number of snowmelt events that generate appreciable quickflow. Anticipated changes in mean peak discharge, time of rise and quickflow response ratio did not emerge, and the influence of development upon these streamflow characteristics may have been overshadowed by annual changes in basin antecedent conditions. The distinction between hydrograph properties associated with snowmelt and rain-on-snow events has become more pronounced with suburbanization. Rain-on-snow generated higher maximum peak flows and lower average peak discharge per unit input compared with snowmelt, and these differences were accentuated by development of the basin. Rain-on-snow also produced more variable time of rise values, while the reduction in hydrograph recession coefficients that accompanied suburban development was most apparent for snowmelt events. The results suggest that suburbanization can have a subtle, yet real, influence upon basin runoff regime during spring snowmelt. 相似文献
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Koichi Sakakibara Maki Tsujimura Sho Iwagami Yutaro Sato Kosuke Nagano Yuichi Onda 《水文研究》2019,33(6):892-904
Understanding rainfall‐runoff processes is crucial for prevention and prediction of water‐related natural disasters. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potential tracer, but few researches have applied it for rainfall‐runoff process studies. We observed multiple tracers including SF6 in spring water at 1‐ to 2‐hr intervals during rainstorm events to investigate the effectivity of SF6 tracer in rainfall–runoff studies through the clarification of rainfall–runoff process. The target spring is a perennial spring in a forested headwater catchment with an area of 0.045 km2 in Fukushima, Japan. The relationship between the SF6 concentration in spring water and the spring discharge volume was negative trend; the SF6 concentration in spring water becomes low as the spring discharge volume increases especially during rainstorms. The hydrograph separation using SF6 and chloride ion tracers was applied for determining the contribution of principal sources on rainfall–runoff water. It suggested more than 60% contribution of bedrock groundwater at the rainfall peak and high percentage contribution continued even in the hydrograph recession phase. Based on observed low SF6 concentration in groundwater after heavy rainfall, the replacement of groundwater near the spring with bedrock groundwater is indicated as a mechanism for water discharge with low SF6 concentration during rainfall events. Consequently, rainstorm events play an important role as triggers in discharging water stored in the deeper subsurface area. In addition, SF6 tracer is concluded as one of the strongest tracers for examining rainfall–runoff process studies. And, therefore, this study provided new insights into the dynamics of groundwater and its responses to rainfall in terms of SF6 concentration variance in water in headwater regions. 相似文献
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对塔院井地下水水位微动态资料和气压观测资料,采用三种方法计算了气压效率,作了谱分析和调和分析,并利用所得结果求出了该井所在含水层的水文地质参数 相似文献
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Yu. K. Vasil’chuk E. P. Rets Ju. N. Chizhova I. V. Tokarev N. L. Frolova N. A. Budantseva M. B. Kireeva N. A. Loshakova 《Water Resources》2016,43(6):847-861
The formation of snowmelt runoff from the Dzhankuat glacier has been considered and the hydrograph of the Dzhankuat R. has been separated with the use of isotope and ionic balance. Isotope variations of runoff at the outlet section of the Dzhankuat R. have been studied for two ablation seasons of 2013 and 2014. The separation of 2014 hydrograph was based on δ18O and mineralization values obtained for various sources of Dzhankuat R. recharge: precipitation, snow of different seasons, firn, ice, and groundwater. The isotopic separation of the hydrograph has shown that, in June, a considerable portion (15–20%) of Dzhankuat R. total runoff is due to the melting snow cover that has formed during spring snowfalls. In June, the proportion of this component in the total daily runoff can reach 36%. The contribution of the runoff originating from winter-snow melting varies from 20% in the early to 50% in the late June. In August and September, the share of groundwater varies from 30 to 100%; the share of precipitation, from 0 to 30% (on the average for the period, 6%); and the share of water from melting firn and ice, from 0 to 70% (on the average, 38.6%). 相似文献
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The Meixner functions are utilized to relate the effective rainfall, the direct runoff and the unit hydrograph through linkage equations. The linkage equations are then employed to derive the unit hydrograph for given rainfall-runoff data on a small agricultural watershed. These functions are tested with regard to their ability to reproduce and predict the direct runoff hydrograph. The Meixner functions are found to be an effective analytical tool for hydrograph synthesis. Further, they compare well with the least squares and linear programming methods of the unit hydrograph derivation. 相似文献
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Groundwater flow through coarse blocky landforms contributes to streamflow in mountain watersheds, yet its role in the alpine hydrologic cycle has received relatively little attention. This study examines the internal structure and hydrogeological characteristics of an inactive rock glacier in the Canadian Rockies using geophysical imaging techniques, analysis of the discharge hydrograph of the spring draining the rock glacier, and chemical and stable isotopic compositions of source waters. The results show that the coarse blocky sediments forming the rock glacier allow the rapid infiltration of snowmelt and rain water to an unconfined aquifer above the bedrock surface. The water flowing through the aquifer is eventually routed via an internal channel parallel to the front of the rock glacier to a spring, which provides baseflow to a headwater stream designated as a critical habitat for an at‐risk cold‐water fish species. Discharge from the rock glacier spring contributes up to 50% of basin streamflow during summer baseflow periods and up to 100% of basin streamflow over winter, despite draining less than 20% of the watershed area. The rock glacier contains patches of ground ice even though it may have been inactive for thousands of years, suggesting the resiliency of the ground thermal regime under a warming climate. 相似文献
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Abstract This study applies the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the unit hydrograph, thereby generating parsimonious reparameterizations of the unit hydrograph. A model compression method is then employed to significantly compress the unit hydrograph requiring that fewer coefficients be estimated. Moreover, a wavelet-based linearly constrained least mean squares (WLCLMS) algorithm is also used to estimate on-line the wavelet coefficients of the unit hydrograph. The updated wavelet coefficients of the unit hydrograph, convoluted with effective rainfall input in the wavelet domain, allow for accurate prediction of one-step-ahead runoff in the time domain. The proposed approach allows the unit hydrographs to vary in time and accurately predicts runoff from a basin in Taiwan, thus making it highly promising for flood forecasting. 相似文献
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Allogenic karst systems function in a particular way that is influenced by the type of water infiltrating through river water losses, by karstification processes, and by water quality. Management of this system requires a good knowledge of its structure and functioning, for which a new methodology based on an inverse modeling approach appears to be well suited. This approach requires both spring and river inflow discharge measurements and a continuous record of chemical parameters in the river and at the spring. The inverse model calculates unit hydrographs and the impulse responses of fluxes from rainfall hydraulic head at the spring or rainfall flux data, the purpose of which is hydrograph separation. Hydrograph reconstruction is done using rainfall and river inflow data as model input and enables definition at each time step of the ratio of each component. Using chemical data, representing event and pre-event water, as input, it is possible to determine the origin of spring water (either fast flow through the epikarstic zone or slow flow through the saturated zone). This study made it possible to improve a conceptual model of allogenic karst system functioning. The methodology is used to study the Bas-Agly and the Cent Font karst systems, two allogenic karst systems in Southern France. 相似文献