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1.
Helena O?ahe?ová Ján O?ahe? Robert Pazúr Richard Hrivnák Milan Valachovi? 《Limnologica》2011,41(4):316-324
The aquatic vegetation of ?í?ov Lake in the Danube floodplain, which is listed in the Ramsar Convention, was investigated to address three main questions: (1) how have landscape composition and the structures of the lake and its buffer zone changed from the mid-20th century; (2) how have species richness and the abundance of the aquatic macrophyte assemblage in this lake ecosystem changed over the last 34 years; and (3) which landscape metrics can best explain these temporal changes for floating-leaved macrophytes? Two methodological approaches, remote sensing and botanical field surveys, were applied. Historical (1949, 1970, 1990) and contemporary (2006) aerial photographs were analysed to determine land cover. Landscape configuration and structure were analysed using eight landscape metrics selected in advance to measure spatio-temporal changes and the fragmentation of the lake ecosystem and its corresponding buffer zone. The species diversity, abundance and distribution of true aquatic macrophytes were surveyed eleven times in five survey stretches between 1973 and 2007.At the landscape level, a decrease in the area covered by floating-leaved macrophytes, as well as an increase in open water surface and fragmentation of the land cover classes in the lake ecosystem, were recorded from 1949 to 2006. Overall, 30 true aquatic macrophytes were found from 1973 to 2007. Species richness did not change considerably, but the abundance of aquatic species fluctuated over the years. Three groups of true aquatic vegetation, based on common structural characteristics, were found in 1973–1983, 1989–2002, and 2004–2007 over the last 34 years. The landscape metrics NP, PD, LPI, and SHDI, which all express patterns of landscape fragmentation mostly indicate temporal changes in floating-leaved macrophytes. 相似文献
2.
《Limnologica》2015
We examined the distribution of submerged and emergent macrophyte species and the entire macrophyte community within and between five lake types (highland reservoirs, alkali lakes, large shallow lakes, small to medium sized shallow lakes, marshes) in the Pannon Ecoregion, Hungary. The lowest submerged, emergent and total species richness was found in alkali lakes. The highest submerged macrophyte richness was in small to medium sized lakes, while the highest emergent macrophyte species richness was in reservoirs, small to medium sized lakes, and marshes. The values of within-lake type beta diversity were generally lower than the values of alpha diversity, especially for submerged macrophytes, indicating between site homogeneity in species composition within the lake types. Emergent macrophyte communities contributed the most to within and between lake type diversity and total (gamma) diversity. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that the main environmental variables which influenced the distribution of submerged macrophytes were conductivity, Secchi transparency and water nitrogen contents. For emergent macrophytes conductivity, lake width, altitude and water depth proved to be the most influential variables. Our results contribute to the knowledge of large-scale distribution of macrophytes in the Pannon Ecoregion and to the identification of conservation value of lakes using macrophytes. The results support the importance of small lakes and artificial lakes in the conservation of macrophyte diversity compared to large and natural lakes in the Pannon Ecoregion. 相似文献
3.
《Limnologica》2017
The present study investigates the relationship between hydrological connectivity and species diversity in a by-passed channel section, and in the adjacent water bodies of the Slovak–Hungarian Danube section (1,840.5–1,804.4 rkm). The study was designed to assess long-term temporal trends (from 1991 to 2013) in freshwater copepods assemblages and their ecological indices in different habitats of the Danube floodplain area. One of the purpose of this study was to monitor the species composition of copepods communities and ascertain their shift in various biotopes of the Danube floodplain system. Based on 23 years data, in the first step, the copepods habitat preferences using habitat values (HV) and indicator weights (IW), calculated from data collected over all the years of monitoring of planktonic communities of the Danube floodplain, were quantified. Subsequently, the floodplain index (FI) from a summary of the habitat values and indication weights of the current species was calculated, to evaluate changes in the connectivity of the anabranched section of the Slovak–Hungarian Danube. This confirmed the loss of active hydrological connectivity within the main river channel, ranging from the eupotamal to more or less isolated floodplain water bodies. Out of 50 recorded copepods species, 11 species manifest a preference for eupotamal habitats, 18 taxa preferred eupotamal B/parapotamal habitats and 21 species were found to prefer the plesiopotamal habitat type. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the structure of planktonic copepod communities in this area has changed since the Gabčíkovo hydropower plant was placed into operations. The NMDS analysis revealed shifts in the proportion of euplanktonic and tychoplanktonic species. Reversible community changes were found in the old river bed and in the eupotamal-B side arms. 相似文献
4.
《Limnologica》2017
Macrophytes and phytoplankton including cyanobacteria are main primary producers in aquatic environments.Macrophytes can maintain water quality by suppressing phytoplankton growth through a number of mechanisms: while e.g. the absorption of high amounts of nutrients and the provision of refuge from predation for herbivorous aquatic fauna are widely accepted macrophyte functions, the role of their release of allelopathic substances in suppressing phytoplankton is increasingly being studied. Some macrophyte species can support the growth of epiphytic cyanobacteria providing them an advantage over planktonic species in the competition for nutrients. On the other hand, some cyanobacteria dominate in eutrophic water bodies and produce cyanotoxins that exert allelopathic substances which may contribute to the decline of macrophytes. Macrophytes can interact with these cyanotoxins in different ways including bioaccumulation and biotransformation. This review focuses on such allelopathic interactions between macrophytes and toxic cyanobacteria. The article also suggests methods for researchers and water resources managers for the application of macrophytes to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms and as phytoremediators for toxin elimination from water bodies. 相似文献
5.
In this research we evaluate the effects of the method used for estimating the potential surface available for benthic macroinvertebrates in macrophyte and unvegetated habitats on several metrics and habitat preference of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the upper catchment of the Henares River (Guadalajara, Central Spain). Three sampling sites were selected: a well-preserved stream (site A), a stream with no wood riparian vegetation (site B), and a straightened and deforested reach (site C). Two habitats were selected in each site: unvegetated habitat (i.e., substrata without macrophytes) and macrophyte habitat (i.e., substrata covered by macrophytes). In each habitat, six macroinvertebrate samples (including all macrophytes or mineral particles) were collected using a Hess sampler. Diversity and density of major families were referred to the surface of the Hess sampler (=Hess surface method) and to the actual surface of either mineral particles or macrophytes (=actual surface method). In general, for the actual surface method, biomass, richness, dominance, and diversity metrics were higher in the mineral habitat than in the macrophyte habitat. This trend was different for the Hess surface method. In general, densities turned out to be higher in the unvegetated habitat than in the macrophyte habitat when using the actual surface method, but the reverse occurred when using the Hess surface method. This fact is relevant for river biomonitoring, especially when reaches with different dominant substrates (macrophytes vs mineral) are compared using just one of the methods. It is concluded that the macrobenthic metrics and density values are influenced by the method used to estimate the potential available surface for aquatic macroinvertebrates. 相似文献
6.
Urška Kuhar Tatjana Gregorc Miran Ren?elj Nina Šraj-Kr?i? Alenka Gaberš?ik 《Limnologica》2007,37(2):146-154
The distribution and abundance of macrophytes, land-use beyond the riparian zone, characteristics of the riparian zone and selected channel properties have been studied in 9 streams flowing through an agricultural landscape in the north-eastern part of Slovenia. The streams studied supported a rich macrophyte community. Altogether, 53 plant taxa were observed on 93 km of the streams. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that 10 out of the 11 parameters examined significantly influenced macrophyte distribution. Of these, substrate characteristics and riparian vegetation type were the most influential. Species composition analysis revealed that the majority of species indicated moderate nutrient load while, in the more strongly modified reaches, species indicating eutrophic conditions, i.e. Myriophyllum spicatum and different species of genus Potamogeton, were more abundant. 相似文献
7.
湖北长湖水生植物多样性及群落演替 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在2011年的调查基础上,结合已有资料,研究长湖水生植物多样性、群落特征、水生植被分布现状及水生植物多样性的动态变化和群落演替规律,探讨驱动水生植物群落演替的主导因素.结果显示长湖现有水生植物95种,水生植物优势群落12个.与1985年相比,长湖水生植物无论是在优势种还是优势群落上均发生了巨大变化,从原来以沉水植物为主的优势群落逐步演替为以挺水植物+漂浮浮叶植物为优势的水生植物群落.同时水生植被分布面积急剧缩小,生物量显著下降,2011年全湖水生植被覆盖率仅为4.2%,单位面积平均生物量只有2001年的10%,全湖生物总量相比于2006年下降了88.5%.分析表明,大规模围网养殖等人为干扰活动及水体富营养化是致使长湖水生植物多样性显著下降和群落发生逆向演替的主要原因. 相似文献
8.
Kettle holes are small, pond-like, depressional wetlands in young moraine landscapes. They mostly undergo a wet-dry cycle and have a high potential for biological species diversity. However, their biodiversity and habitat function is often greatly impacted by surrounding intensive agricultural land use practices.In this study, we used statistical analysis of a large data set from the federal state of Brandenburg (Northeast Germany) to characterise the macrophyte species richness of kettle holes in an interregional context and to determine the factors that influence macrophyte occurrence. We proposed that (1) specific environmental factors, (2) hydrogeomorphic kettle hole types and (3) the regional topography have a major impact on macrophyte species richness. The evaluation of the data was performed using the General Linear Model (GLM) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Each of the analysed factors addresses different parts of the macrophyte species richness, including the target variables overall species richness, plant life and growth forms as well as Red List species.None of the analysis showed effects of the tested environmental factors on overall macrophytes species richness, but on the richness of plant life and growth forms as well as on Red List species. We identified hydroperiod, depth, shore width, kettle hole area, pH, electric conductivity, carbonate hardness and oxygen as key factors for the prediction of species richness of plant life and growth forms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hydrogeomorphic kettle hole types account for relevant parts of variation in species richness and are useful interregional and integrative indicators to identify kettle holes with protection priority for macrophytes. 相似文献
9.
浅水草型湖泊除草技术的实验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
滆湖位于江苏南部,面积为164km~2,是一个典型的草型湖泊,其中80X以上的面积为黄丝草(Pataraogeton maackianus)所覆盖。针对该湖水生植被中草食性鱼类喜食性水草资源逐渐衰竭,非喜食性水草群落逐渐扩张的状况,1988—1990年,进行了湖泊水草群落的定向改良试验和抑制相关水草发生和蔓延的试验。结果表明,采用生物防治,以鱼除草,无论是网拦放牧式除草技术,还是网围养殖式除草技术,对各种沉水植物都可彻底清除,而且直接将水草转化为鱼产品,并且有利于湖泊水域生态环境的改善。 相似文献
10.
种植水生植物,尤其是沉水植物,是目前广泛应用于受损水体的最主要的生态修复方法之一. 研究不同生长型沉水植物组合对水体理化因子的影响及营养物质的去除效率可为受损水生生态系统修复提供重要的科学依据. 本研究以我国水体修复中常用的3种不同生长型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)为研究对象,采用1种生长型种植和2种生长型及3种生长型混种模式,研究不同生长型沉水植物组合及其不同生长阶段对实验系统水质指标及氮、磷等营养物质去除率的影响. 结果表明,所有植物组合处理均显著提高了系统中总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率; 在实验前中期总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率最高. 从本实验受试物种组合来看,1种和2种生长型组合比3种生长型组合具有更高的生物量累积量和总氮去除率. Pearson相关性分析显示,实验系统中的pH、DO浓度与植物总生物量呈显著正相关,总氮、总磷、氨氮浓度均与植物总生物量呈显著负相关. 建议在受损浅水水生态系统修复过程中,根据生态修复不同阶段考虑不同生活型、生长型和功能群的水生植物组合; 在生态修复过程中需加强管理,如水生植物收割等,才能达到最好的修复效果. 相似文献
11.
The bioindication role of macropytes in the assessment of the environmental conditions of small water bodies under the conditions of a megalopolis is discussed. A comparative characteristic is given to the significance of macrophytes from different ecological groups, including hygrophytes (cattail, reed), hydrophyte (pondweed), and hydatophytes (Canada water weed, hornweed), growing in small water bodies in St. Petersburg, for the biogeochemical indication of environmental pollution by microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) and biogenic elements (K, Ca, Na, P, S). Possible mechanisms of detoxication of heavy metal ions in macrophyte organisms and their role in the stable functioning of water bodies in urban territory under the conditions of anthropogenic pollution are discussed. The prospects of the use of macrophyte groups for the bioindication of pollution and phytoremediation of aquatic ecosystems are analyzed. 相似文献
12.
Nobuo Ishiyama Takumi Akasaka Futoshi Nakamura 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(3):437-449
Management of wetland connectivity is important for biodiversity conservation. In the modern agricultural landscape, the natural connections between floodplain wetlands have been greatly altered. Agricultural ditches and channelized streams are widely distributed in floodplains, which may contribute to the maintenance of wetland connectivity and biodiversity. To determine how these watercourse networks affect wetland biodiversity, we examined the relationship between the species richness of aquatic animals and wetland connectivity, with a special focus on species mobility. From July to August 2011, fish and aquatic insects were collected from 24 wetlands in northern Japan. To determine the degree of wetland connectivity, we assessed the relative importance of individual wetlands in maintaining the entire wetland network using two connectivity indices: hydrologic connectivity via watercourses and spatial connectivity defined as Euclidian distances between wetlands using graph theory. We found that only high mobility groups of both taxa could enhance species richness in either a hydrologic (fish) or spatial (insect) wetland network. The species richness of insects with high-flying ability was found to increase as spatial connectivity increased. Furthermore, the species richness of fish with high-swimming ability was positively influenced by hydrologic connectivity, most likely because highly mobile species were able to reach suitable habitats and migrate from source populations in a wetland network owing to their good mobility. Our findings indicate that hydrologic network is important for maintaining biodiversity as well as spatial connectivity. It is important to focus conservation efforts on key wetlands with high hydrologic and spatial connectivity in future wetland management. 相似文献
13.
We propose and validate a new sampling method to assess the presence, abundance and distribution of macrophytes in circular-shaped lakes according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD2000/60/EC). The results of the macrophyte survey, and in particular of macrophyte diversity, obtained using this method are also discussed.The sampling is based on randomly selected transects homogeneously distributed around the perimeter of the lake. The number of transects is proportional to the lake's size. The method was validated on six Italian volcanic lakes using computational resampling procedures on a total of 126 transects.Using resampling procedures, we show that the proposed approach identifies more than 75% of the overall species richness through a moderate sampling effort. According to our results, Charophytes dominate aquatic vegetation in Italian volcanic lakes. Species diversity is highest at shallow depths, whereas the most abundant species, such as Chara polyacantha, are located at an intermediate depth between the shoreline and the maximum growing depth. 相似文献
14.
Long-term changes of zoobenthic fauna and submerged vegetation in the shallow Lake Monterosi (Italy)
Benthic invertebrates and aquatic vegetation were investigated in the volcanic Lake Monterosi with the aim to define the stage of development reached during progressive modifications which occurred in the shallow lake. Increasing trophy and introduction of an exotic plant (Nelumbo nucifera) were the key-factors responsible for the rapid qualitative reduction of the macrophyte population and its modification to non rooted plants (Ceratophyllum demersum). The invertebrate fauna associated with macrophytes was found to be abundant, diversified (83 taxa) and characterized by high diversity and presence of bioindicators of mesotrophy. Although the zoobenthic community appeared to be positively influenced by the macrophyte-dominated stage, some negative effects of Nelumbo-colonization on the invertebrate fauna indicated that further growth of this plant would cause a rapid change in the lake. 相似文献
15.
Sidinei Magela Thomaz Márcio José Silveira Thaisa Sala Michelan 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(4):809-815
Biotic and abiotic factors are filters that prevent invasions in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this investigation we tested the hypothesis that the success of a non-native Poaceae (Urochloa subquadripara) is positively correlated with the richness of native macrophytes and negatively correlated with wind disturbance (fetch) and presence of riparian vegetation on coarse spatial scales. Our samplings were carried out in a tropical reservoir (Rosana Reservoir, Brazil). We first compared competing models using the Akaike criterion to find the main combinations of explanatory variables (native macrophyte richness, fetch, and presence of riparian vegetation) associated with the success of U. subquadripara. Then, we applied multiple regressions to assess the coefficient of determination of the best models selected according to the Akaike criterion. The probability of occurrence of U. subquadripara increased significantly with increases in the number of native macrophyte species, but decreased with fetch and the presence of riparian vegetation. Stand width and maximum depth of occurrence (indicators of the success of this Poaceae) were also positively related with native richness and negatively with fetch and riparian vegetation. Our results supported our expectation that wave disturbance is an important variable explaining U. subquadripara success. Because the less exposed sites are also more favorable for colonization by natives, positive relationships between the success of non-native species and native diversity emerge at the coarse scale. Taken together, our results support the theory of “biotic acceptance”; that is, favorable sites are more prone to colonization by both native and non-native species. 相似文献
16.
Data on water chemistry in water bodies and streams in Pechora basin in the territory of several gas-condensate deposits are
presented. Diatom algae of periphyton and macrophytes are used to assess the effect of production facilities on aquatic ecosystems.
The specific features of the structure of diatom complexes in streams subject to the effect of pollutants and accumulation
of heavy metals in individual plant species in water bodies accumulating production wastes are shown. 相似文献
17.
缓冲带径流污染物净化效果研究及其与草皮生物量的相关性 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
2006—2007年对东太湖网围养殖区及航道水生植物种群结构和水环境状况进行了调查．结果表明：采样区内共有水生植物10种,其中沉水植物6种、浮叶植物3种、漂浮植物1种;养殖区植物种类较单一,耐污染、再生能力强以及水质净化能力好的金鱼藻、狐尾藻和伊乐藻在养殖区呈优势种分布;航道和敞水区优势种类为苦草和马来眼子菜．从水生植物生物量变化来看,9月生物量最高,平均为2882．4±748．8g／m^2;养殖区水生植物生物量高于航道和敞水区,两个网区平均可达1251．2±1012．7g／m^2、993．9±968．6g／m^2．水生植物与水环境相互关系来看,温度、透明度和pH等水体物理环境因子对水生植物季节生长和光合作用具有重要影响;水生植物具有吸收水体氮磷营养盐和抑制藻类生长的作用,从而改善了东太湖水质,同时植物季节性生长以及空间分布差异也影响水质时空差异． 相似文献
18.
K. Vermonden R. S. E. W. Leuven G. van der Velde A. J. Hendriks M. M. van Katwijk J. G. M. Roelofs E. C. H. E. T. Lucassen O. Pedersen K. Sand-Jensen 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(3):379-389
Biodiversity in urban areas is affected by a multitude of stressors. In addition to physico-chemical stress factors, the native
regional species pool can be greatly reduced in highly urbanized landscapes due to area loss and fragmentation. In this study,
we investigated how macrophyte composition and diversity in urban water systems are limited by the regional species pool and
local environmental conditions. Canonical correspondence analysis of the macrophyte species composition revealed that urban
and semi-natural water systems differed and differences could be related to local abiotic variables such as pH and iron concentrations.
Macrophytes in the semi-natural area were typical for slightly acid and oligotrophic conditions. In urban water systems, exotic
species characteristic of eutrophic conditions were present. In the semi-natural areas, the number of macrophyte species exceeded
the number of species expected from species–area relationships of artificial water bodies in rural areas. In urban areas,
the number of macrophyte species was similar to artificial water systems in rural areas. Macrophyte species present in the
study areas also were generally found within 20–30 km distance to the study area. Macrophyte species composition in urban
water systems and semi-natural water systems appeared to be influenced by the regional species pool within approximately 30 km
of the locations. Nevertheless, site limitation ultimately determined the local macrophyte species composition and diversity
in urban water systems and in semi-natural water systems. 相似文献
19.
Florent Arthaud Dominique Vallod Jo?l Robin Gudrun Bornette 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):471-481
Theories that link plant strategies and abiotic filters discriminate between three strategies: competitive, ruderal or stress-tolerant species, and suggest that functional diversity is higher at intermediate values along the gradients of productivity and disturbance. The mechanism by which abiotic filters screen plant traits in aquatic plant communities has been poorly tested and has led to contrasting results. The present study aimed to test whether functional diversity and abundance of life-history traits corresponding to morphology, fecundity and longevity of aquatic plants were linked to disturbance and productivity. Fifty-nine shallow lakes that were arranged along a gradient of productivity (estimated through total phosphorus concentration) and drought-disturbance frequency were sampled for aquatic plants. Species traits were documented and functional diversity was calculated (richness, dispersion and evenness) for each lake. Increasing total phosphorus concentration was associated with decreased functional richness and dispersion but not functional evenness. Functional diversity did not differ according to disturbance frequency, regardless of the index that was measured. High productivity favoured floating species with storage organs and vegetative reproduction, especially at low disturbance frequency. For all disturbance frequencies, low productivity favoured small species without storage organs and sexual reproduction. The present study partly supports the theoretical model. At high productivity levels, because phytoplankton is a better competitor for light than aquatic plants, plant traits are screened stringently, and species with traits that allow them to reach the photic zone are selected. 相似文献
20.
Carl Martin Jean-Jacques Frenette Jean Morin 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(2):196-209
Large fluvial lakes, as part of river corridors, are recognized as spatially heterogeneous ecosystems. Due to their shallowness, the littoral zone of these lakes occupies a large proportion of their surface and is extensively covered by macrophytes that are known to affect their physical, chemical and biological environments in various ways. This study documents the small-scale (5 km) bio-optical variations associated with the longitudinal passage of a water mass through macrophyte beds during their maximal growth season. The utilization of a 2D hydrodynamic model allowed us to establish hydrological connectivity between stations within the beds, and thus to identify longitudinal heterogeneity along the macrophyte beds. Significant changes in the inherent properties of the water were observed along the upstream-downstream gradient. Due to their effects on hydrodynamics, macrophytes were responsible for a decrease in particles and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) resulting in an increasing penetration depth of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Along the transect, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) decreased more rapidly than DOC resulting in a decrease of the CDOM to DOC ratio. The observed changes in the DOC pool may be explained by the constant input of non-chromophoric DOC from macrophyte leachates and exudation within the bed and/or the photochemical and microbial degradation of CDOM. The implication of such small-scale heterogeneity on Lake Saint-Pierre productivity is discussed. 相似文献