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1.
波浪荷载能引起海床土体的主应力轴连续旋转。不同于地震、交通等循环荷载,在周期性波浪荷载作用的土体应力路径方式下,软黏土的软化效用更为明显。本文分别对天然和扰动的海床土体在波浪荷载作用下的应力响应进行模拟,并分析应力路径的特点;为描述软化后的应力-应变关系,将软化效用和累积塑性应变的参数引入到能够反应土体动力非线性的Hardin-Drnevich模型中,建立修正模型,使之能够反应软黏土体软化与塑性应变累计特性;通过与模拟波浪荷载下土体应力特征的循环耦合试验结果进行对比分析,验证该修正模型的可靠性。 相似文献
2.
A method to predict structural damage in its location and severity from modal characteristics of the damaged structure is proposed. No a priori knowledge of the modal characteristics of a corresponding baseline structure is required in the proposed formulation. Instead, information on the geometry of the structure which is reflected in its mass and stiffness distribution is needed. From matrix structural analysis, a system of equations is generated which relates the relative change of stiffness of structural members to a load vector generated from modal parameters of the damaged structure. Different solution techniques are suggested to determine the damage from the generated equations. The feasibility of the proposed formulation is demonstrated via a numerical example of a 10-storey building. Further, an error investigation on the error in the damage predictions due to uncertainties in the input data is carried out. 相似文献
3.
低硬度橡胶隔震支座各种相关性及老化徐变特性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
作者系统地对低硬度橡胶隔震支座的材料和力学性能进行了试验研究。研究使用的低硬度橡胶隔震支座分18种规格，总计近30个大直径隔震支座。研究内容涉及低硬度橡胶隔震支座的基本力学性能；温度、压力、剪切变形、老化和徐变等相关性；压缩界限，屈曲及极限剪切变形等界限性能以及橡胶材料性能和隔震工程应用等方面。本文主要介绍低硬度橡胶隔震支座的压力、剪切变形、温度对支座刚度、阻尼等力学性能的影响，同时还对隔震支座的老化及徐变特性进行了试验研究，确定低硬度橡胶使用60年后的力学性能变化率。文中同时提出了低硬度橡胶支座的温度修正方程，并提出了隔震结构地震反应分析时支座刚度和屈服荷载变化的取值范围。 相似文献
4.
Code design of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is based on elastic analysis, which requires as input parameter the effective stiffness of URM walls. Eurocode estimates the effective stiffness as 50% of the gross sectional elastic stiffness, but comparisons with experimental results have shown that this may not yield accurate predictions. In this paper, 79 shear‐compression tests of modern URM walls of different masonry typologies from the literature are investigated. It shows that both the initial and the effective stiffness increase with increasing axial load ratio and that the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratios are approximately 75% rather than the stipulated 50%. An empirical relationship that estimates the E‐modulus as a function of the axial load and the masonry compressive strength is proposed, yielding better estimates of the elastic modulus than the provision in Eurocode 6, which calculates the E‐modulus as a multiple of the compressive strength. For computing the ratio of the effective to initial stiffness, a mechanics‐based formulation is built on a recently developed analytical model for the force‐displacement response of URM walls. The model attributes the loss in stiffness to diagonal cracking and brick crushing, both of which are taken into account using mechanical considerations. The obtained results of the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratio agree well with the test data. A sensitivity analysis using the validated model shows that the ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness is for most axial load ratios and wall geometries around 75%. Therefore, a modification of the fixed ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness from 50% to 75% is suggested. 相似文献
5.
混凝土桥梁在工作过程中会产生裂缝，为分析移动荷载对开裂混凝土桥梁结构刚度的影响，对开裂梁动力响应进行分析。建立简支T梁桥有限元模型，并将移动荷载施加至有限元模型中。根据简支T梁桥破坏横向分布位置和强度的不同，研究不同工况下各梁荷载横向分布及不同移动速度对裂缝扩展宽度的影响。结果表明，数值模拟结果能较好地验证计算模型的准确性；在较大的移动荷载作用下，混凝土开裂，导致结构刚度减小、位移增大；随着移动荷载和速度的增加，开裂时间增加，结构刚度降低，持续时间增加，位移增大，使结构响应呈现明显非线性。 相似文献
6.
ISO-834标准火灾作用后钢管混凝土的轴压刚度和抗弯刚度 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
火灾后钢管混凝土的轴压刚度和抗弯刚度是钢管混凝土结构变形性能和抗震分析的重要指标，也是火灾后钢管混凝土修复和加固的重要依据之一，本文利用数值方法计算了标准火灾作用后钢管混凝土轴压构件和纯弯构件荷载-变形关系曲线，分析了受火时间、材料强度、含钢率、截面尺寸等因素的影响规律，最后推导了标准火灾作用后钢管混凝土轴压刚度和抗弯刚度的简化计算公式，所得结果可供有关钢管混凝土结构工程设计时参考。 相似文献
7.
地震灾害的发生给人们的生命财产安全带来了极大的威胁,为了保障在地震发生时建筑的安全,需要时刻对试件的荷载、初始刚度、延性系数、建筑模型的竖向位移等信息进行检测,一旦重力荷载高于峰值荷载,建筑安全将不能得到保障。为分析水平地震作用下建筑的顶层重力荷载能力,首先建立用于实验的一榀三层三跨式的房屋建筑模型,检测这种模型处于重力荷载作用情况下的侧向刚度,用来了解在建筑顶层结构在处于水平地震作用情况下重力荷载对其检测刚度的影响程度。然后从模型中选取5个试件,对这些试件的材料属性、实验结果、荷载位移进行分析,再通过实验模型的重力荷载位移曲线确定建筑的峰值荷载为700 kN,即当建筑顶层的峰值荷载超过700 kN时,建筑的安全性将难以保证。 相似文献
8.
基于ABAQUS有限元分析,研究了单层连方型球面网壳结构在90种工况下的3种失效模式:弱支承结构失效模式、强支承结构失效模式和中等支承结构失效模式。不同失效模式下结构所能承受的极限加速度有较大差别。结构处于弱支承或强支承状态时失效极限荷载较低,处于中等支承时失效荷载较高;在由弱或强支承向中等支承过渡的区间,结构的失效荷载呈现逐渐增加的趋势。当上下部结构刚度比较匹配时,二者才能充分发挥抗震性能,同时结构的极限承载力也会相对较高。下支承柱刚度是影响结构失效模式和极限荷载的主要因素之一,研究结果表明,随着支承刚度的增加,结构极限荷载呈先增加后减小的趋势。随着屋面等效荷载的增加,结构的极限承载力将会降低,在地震中更容易发生破坏。 相似文献
9.
A 3D finite element (FE) model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges. 相似文献
10.
为研究预制超高性能混凝土(UHPC)模板钢筋混凝土(RC)柱的抗震性能,并验证预制UHPC模板在往复荷载作用下是否发生剥离,考虑轴压比、剪跨比、箍筋间距和保护层厚度,设计制作6根免拆模板柱(PTC)和1根RC对比柱试件,对其进行拟静力试验,研究其破坏形态、滞回性能、变形和耗能能力以及强度和刚度退化规律等。结果表明,与加载方向垂直的预制UHPC模板大约在PTC试件峰值荷载的70%时发生剥离,与加载方向平行的预制UHPC模板在试件最终破坏时剥离;在剪跨比、轴压比和箍筋数量均分别相同的条件下,由UHPC模板加10 mm混凝土作为保护层的试件,其抗震性能相对较好,但其承载力和前期刚度略有减小。 相似文献
11.
Praveen K. Malhotra 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(7):1441-1457
The seismic response spectrum defines the amplitude of the load, but it does not specify the number of cycles for which the load must be resisted by the structure. The amplitude by itself is not sufficient to evaluate the seismic resistance of a structure, because the structure's strength, stiffness and energy‐dissipation capacity reduce with an increase in the number of load cycles. This paper presents a cyclic‐demand spectrum, which, in conjunction with the amplitude spectrum, provides a more complete definition of the seismic load, hence a way to consider the degradation in strength, stiffness and energy‐dissipation capacity in a rational manner. Similarly to three amplitude parameters (peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and peak ground displacement), three cyclic‐demand parameters are introduced for stiff, moderately stiff, and flexible systems. A design example is presented to illustrate the use of the cyclic‐demand spectrum. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
T形截面短肢剪力墙刚度及延性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于T形截面的六片短肢剪力墙,两片普通剪力墙在低周反复水平荷载作用下的试验,描述了短肢剪力墙的破坏现象。通过对滞回曲线及骨架曲线的分析,找出短肢剪力墙试件从开始开裂直至破坏过程中刚度退化系数随试件位移变化的规律,并利用最小二乘法模拟了此曲线,给出了模拟公式。确定了试件的位移延性,比较了各试件间的差异。此外,通过与两片普通剪力墙试验结果的对比,发现当短肢剪力墙的高厚比从规范规定的8变化到普通剪力墙的9时性能差异并不明显。 相似文献
13.
Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls with openings are the primary lateral‐load‐carrying elements utilized in many structures designed to resist earthquakes. A review of the technical literature shows that there is a considerable amount of uncertainty with regards to the elastic stiffness of these structures when subjected to seismic excitations. Current design practices often employ a stiffness reduction factor to deal with this uncertainty. In an attempt to develop additional information regarding the stiffness of these structures, this paper discusses an approach to determine the initial stiffness of RC structural walls with irregular openings and low aspect ratios. This approach would consider the effect of both flexural and shear deformations. As a part of this study, an analytical approach to determine stiffness was also developed and validated by comparing theoretical and experimental results obtained from six RC shear walls with irregular openings. Simple equations for assessing initial stiffness of RC structural walls with irregular openings are then proposed, based on these parametric case studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
15.
Coupling behavior of shear deformation and end rotation of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a mechanical model for predicting the behavior of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings subject to combined end rotations and shear deformation. The mechanical model consists of a series of axial springs at the top, mid‐height and bottom of the bearing to vertically reproduce asymmetric bending moment distribution in the bearings. The model can take into account end rotations of the bearing, and the overall rotational stiffness includes the effect of the variation of vertical load on the bearing and the imposed shear deformation. Static bending tests under various combinations of vertical load and shear deformation were performed to identify the mechanical characteristics of bearings. The test results indicate that bearing rotational stiffness increases with increasing vertical load but decreases with increasing shear deformation. Simulation analyses were conducted to validate the new mechanical model. The results of analyses using the new model show very good agreement with experimental observations. A series of seismic response analyses were performed to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of top‐of‐column isolated structures, a configuration where the end rotations of isolation bearings are typically expected to be larger. The results suggest that the end rotations of elastomeric bearings used in practical top‐of‐column isolated structures do not reduce the stability limit of isolation system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
The boundary element method is used to obtain dynamic stiffness functions of rigid cylindrical foundations embedded in a uniform or layered viscoelastic half-space. Dynamic stiffness functions of hemispherical foundations embedded in a uniform half-space are also computed. The direct integral equation formulation is used in combination with the complete space point load fundamental solution that is integrated numerically along the azimuthal coordinate. The approach is easy to implement because of the simplicity of the fundamental solution. The numerical results obtained by this method for cylindrical and hemispherical foundations are very close to corresponding published results obtained by different procedures. A parametric study shows the important effects of the Poisson's ratio on the dynamic stiffness functions of cylindrical foundations embedded in a uniform viscoelastic half-space. The effect of the bedrock compliance on the stiffness functions is also shown in the case of cylindrical foundations embedded in a soil layer that rests on a bedrock. 相似文献
17.
研究木结构古建筑的结构特性对保护和维修古建筑遗产具有重大意义.文中以西安清真寺木牌楼为研究对象,用弹簧单元模拟榫卯连接的半刚接特性,对其进行有限元数值分析.通过对榫卯连接的非线性接触分析得到了其各方向刚度值;在竖向荷载作用下结构的实际内力远小于其强度设计值,其安全裕度在60％以上;给出了结构的运动微分方程,结构模态分析... 相似文献
18.
The paper presents a continuum method for dynamic analysis of asymmetric tall buildings with uniform cross-section in which the horizontal stiffness is provided by shear walls and columns of arbitrary shape and layout, coupled by horizontal beams. The equations of motions are formulated in variational terms, including axial strain energy. Numerical solutions, obtained by using finite time differences and infinite polynomials, are presented for the response of a twenty-storey building with six shear walls to an impact load and earthquake accelerations. It is shown that omission of the axial deformations results in a substantially distorted pattern of behaviour, some of its effects being:
- 1 Overestimation of the bending stiffness of the coupled shear walls, with corresponding changes in their stiffness ratios.
- 2 Underestimation of the periods of the principal modes, with a corresponding change in the dynamic response.
- 3 Distortion of the magnitude, form, time of onset and coupling of the maximum displacements.
- 4 Pronounced change in the shear force and moment diagrams for the shear walls, the beams and the building as a whole.
19.
屈曲约束支撑滞回曲线模型和刚度方程的建立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对屈曲约束支撑，本文根据其反复荷载作用下的滞回特征，提出了一种滞回模型，并建立了屈曲约束支撑的弹塑性刚度方程。根据这种模型编制程序模拟绘制了屈曲约束支撑的滞回曲线，将模拟计算曲线与试验所得曲线进行对比，对比结果表明本文所提模型是准确、有效的。 相似文献
20.
Active energy dissipation is proved to be very effective for abating seismic effects on buildings. The implementation of this concept in seismic design of buildings is studied by response simulations of a single storey building subjected to earthquake motion. Active energy dissipaters can be installed as part of the building lateral load bracing, and they regulate the strength and stiffness of the bracing during the building's response to the seismic events. The energy is dissipated when the bracing load exceeds the axial strength provided by the dissipater, and the bracing telescopes in and out. The design parameters of active energy dissipaters are described using the simulated response of a single storey building to ground pulse and harmonic ground excitation. The feasibility of the energy dissipater is demonstrated by the development and construction of a full-scale prototype device called an Active Slip Bracing Device (ASBD). The device utilizes Coulomb friction. The active characteristics are implemented by a computer controlled clamping mechanism on the friction interface. The ASBD's control of the strength and stiffness is investigated. 相似文献