共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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对2005—2011年造成高影响的一些强对流天气过程,按其云系特征和天气背景分为冷气团内部型、西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型、梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型和高原东移高空槽云系型4种类型。冷气团内部型强对流发生在锋面或切变线云带后部的晴空区内,沿高空西北气流下滑的积云簇或向东南方向移动的短波槽是其发生的关键因子。西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型强对流发生于云带的尾部,云带后部干气流的反气旋式侵入是其主要特征。梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型强对流出现在梅雨锋或切变线上,云带的北边界因常与高空急流相平行而比较清楚,强对流云团出现时云带北部的急流与高空的反气旋脊线距离较近。高原东移高空槽云系型强对流的关键影响系统是从青藏高原东部移出的短波槽云系,从水汽图像上可以看到其后部常有暗区或暗带相伴。 相似文献
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梅雨期青藏高原东移对流系统影响江淮流域降水的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用GOES-9和FY-2C卫星TBB资料、1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料以及常规地面观测资料对2003和2007年梅雨期内青藏高原东移对流系统影响重庆、四川以及江淮梅雨锋地区降水的主要方式作了研究。结果表明,2003和2007年梅雨期内,青藏高原东移对流系统影响下游地区降水主要存在4种方式:(1)高原上的动力辐合中心伴随高原对流系统东移,影响所经地区的降水,该种影响方式较为常见,持续时间较长,影响范围较广。(2)高原对流系统移出高原后在四川盆地引发稳定少动的西南低涡,触发一系列暴雨过程,此种影响方式持续时间较长,主要影响地区为四川和重庆(往往会造成强度很大的暴雨),当西南低涡以东盛行较强西南风时,向梅雨锋的动能输送较强,这十分有利于梅雨锋地区对流活动和降水的加强。(3)高原东移对流系统在四川盆地触发西南低涡,西南低涡生成后,在引导槽的作用下沿梅雨锋东移,沿途引发一系列暴雨,此种影响方式持续时间最长,波及范围最广。(4)对流系统东移出青藏高原后直接影响下游地区,此种影响方式最为常见,但其影响时间最短,强度最小。对环境场的分析表明,高原强对流往往发生在500hPa影响槽槽区附近的上升运动区,当200hPa高空急... 相似文献
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青藏高原低涡移出高原的大尺度条件 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6
利用NCEP再分析资料,计算分析了各类高原涡东移出与未移出高原的对流层中、上层多种合成物理量场。研究指出,高原低涡移出高原是受西风带天气系统与副热带天气系统的相互作用及对流层中层与上层的天气系统相互作用造成的。研究揭示了低涡东移出高原的大尺度条件及物理图像,还揭示了各类高原涡东移出高原的大尺度条件的主要差异。为预报高原涡移出高原的暴雨、洪涝提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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“15.7”广西超长持续性暴雨过程多尺度特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用多源气象资料,通过综合诊断分析方法,对2015年一次广西持续性暴雨过程进行多尺度特征分析。(1) 南亚高压经历了双体型构建,副热带长波槽有利于冷空气南下和高空急流的建立。El Ni?o状态下,副高强度偏强,位置偏西、偏南,有利于暖湿气流向广西输送。南亚高压过渡层与副高对峙,有利于冷暖空气在广西交汇。(2) 影响天气系统有高空槽、切变线、冷锋、低空急流、季风槽及低涡等多天气系统。降雨分为锋前暖区、锋面、高空槽加强、季风槽与低涡等四个阶段。(3) 中尺度特征为锋前暴雨发生在MCC云团形成到减弱期,雷达强回波呈弓型,对流性强;锋面暴雨发生在MCC减弱后云带,雷达强回波为弓型向直线型转换,对流性减弱;高空槽加强暴雨为直线型云系和雷达回波增强;季风槽与低涡暴雨为增强的涡旋型云系和雷达强回波。(4) 暴雨发生在总体地势为云贵高原下坡和地面喇叭口地形辐合的桂西北、海陆分布差异的沿海及山脉迎风坡的桂东南。可见,长时间持续性暴雨过程是一个多尺度和多天气系统相互作用的结果,暴雨发生在有利的大尺度环流背景和天气系统配置下的中小尺度系统频繁发生处,地形助推暴雨作用明显。深刻理解持续性暴雨发生的尺度特征可提高该类天气预报能力。 相似文献
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梅雨锋上气旋发展的反演诊断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用位涡反演诊断模式,对梅雨锋上气旋的发生,发展机制进行分析研究,利用扰动位涡,反演出气旋发生,发展阶段的扰动位热场,扰动流函数,结果表明,梅雨锋气旋发展阶段,500hPa以上的高层槽脊系统对中低层气旋的发展没有直接贡献,850hPa以下的低层系统（低层锋区）,能够反演出气旋及其周围系统的发展,但强度较弱,气旋区,中层位涡扰动与总位涡扰动所反演的结果的基本一致,即中层系统对梅雨锋气旋的发展起到主要作用,气旋发生阶段,850hPa 以下的低层系统对中低层气旋的加强起主要作用。 相似文献
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梅雨锋上三类暴雨特征的数值模拟比较研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
中国暴雨的地域性、时间性特征明显,尤其是暴雨多发区--长江流域,沿江不同地段暴雨成因各异.为综合研究长江不同地域暴雨特征和形成规律,利用我国新一代暴雨数值模式AREM对梅雨锋东端(116°E以东)初生气旋类暴雨、β中尺度深对流类暴雨和梅雨锋西端"北槽南涡"类暴雨的典型个例进行了数值模拟.通过诊断分析和比较研究,初步揭示了三类暴雨在结构和形成机制等方面的主要差异.结果表明:(1)梅雨锋上生成并发展的α中尺度气旋是造成梅雨锋东端初生气旋类暴雨的系统.强盛时,系统的垂直上升运动伸展不高,正涡度柱、辐合层以及最大加热和增湿均位于中低层.(2)β中尺度深对流类暴雨发生时梅雨锋区的南北温差很小.在低空辐合风场作用下,强位势不稳定能量的释放导致了β中尺度深对流系统的发生与发展.强盛时,系统的正涡度柱和上升运动柱贯穿对流层,深厚的辐合层达到了中层,最大加热出现在中高层.(3)"北槽南涡"类暴雨是在青藏高原大地形作用下高低空系统有利配置的结果."北槽南涡"的天气系统配置有利于低层辐合的加强和位势不稳定能量的释放,使低层涡旋向中高层强烈发展.强盛时,系统的正涡度柱贯穿对流层,积云对流发展强烈,最强上升运动和最大加热层都位于中层. 相似文献
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梅雨锋云系的结构特征及其成因分析 总被引：7，自引：9，他引：7
利用逐时卫星遥感观测资料和地面测站的降水资料，分析了江淮流域2003年6月22～26日暴雨过程中梅雨锋云系的演变、结构特征和形成原因。结果表明，梅雨锋云系为一条TBB的低值带，稳定少动，其上分布着中尺度对流系统（MCS），而中尺度对流系统是由不同尺度、不同强度．的对流单体（包括中β和中γ尺度对流单体）组成的，从而使得梅雨锋云系产生不均匀的降水分布（包括时间上和空间上）。在该暴雨过程中，梅雨锋云系充分体现了中尺度对流系统中所包括的3类组织结构形式。梅雨锋云系与中高纬度云系或热带辐合带云系之间的相互作用与暴雨过程关系密切，梅雨锋云系的维持和发展与强大的黄淮气旋云系直接相关，它是江淮流域上空冷暖气流交汇的结果。 相似文献
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2007年梅雨锋降水的大尺度特征分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
2007年6-7月在华南、长江中下游以及淮河流域先后出现东西走向静止锋暴雨,引起粤东和淮河流域洪涝灾害.分析了这3个地区静止锋暴雨的动力学、热力学结构的异同点.2007年7月引起淮河洪涝的主要强降水是7月8-9日的暴雨,分析了引起这场强暴雨的大气环流特征以及梅雨锋深厚的锋生过程和气旋生成过程.主要结论为:(1)华南前汛期降水、长江梅雨期降水以及淮河强降水出现时东西向静止锋在动力学和热力学的结构相同,可通称为"梅雨锋".(2)2007年淮河静止锋暴雨的出现,是由于中国东部上空有深厚高空槽发展,诱导梅雨锋上气旋生成过程和深厚的锋生过程.气旋生成过程和锋生过程使梅雨锋上出现强烈的上升运动,形成了致洪暴雨. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献