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1.
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
通过运用常规气象站、自动站、风廓线雷达资料和NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料对2015年7月30日出现在京津之间的一次短时强降水天气进行综合诊断,特别是深入分析了降水开始前大气的风场特征。结果表明:(1)低空急流在强降水开始前2 h左右出现,其不仅为短时强降水的爆发提供充足水汽,同时也是700 h Pa以下对流不稳定层结的建立者和不稳定能量释放的触发者;(2)强降水发生前约90 min在1 000 m高度以上出现上升气流,此后其所在最低高度下降,厚度增加,30 min后上升气流达到最强盛;随着降水的临近,上升气流开始减弱,降水开始后,下沉气流迅速占据绝对主导地位;(3)强降水发生前70 min边界层有冷平流形成,西南暖湿气流在其上爬升,使得水汽和能量积聚,中层冷空气开始楔入并发展强盛,表明冷暖空气强烈交绥,同时能量释放;(4)低空急流指数的脉动虽与强降水的发生有密切关系,但并不是高指数就一定会出现强降水,雨强的变化除了与低空急流有关,还与水汽、动力以及热力等多种因素相关,是一种综合条件共同作用的结果;(5)强降水形成所需的水汽、动力、热力等条件均在降水出现前积累加强,这种强烈的信号一般提前60~120 min达到极致,为强降水的临近预报提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、自动气象站加密观测资料、GPS/MET水汽监测资料、FY-2E卫星云图和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对副热带高压边缘山东南部连续两次强降水的形成机制进行分析。结果表明,两次强降水都是由副热带高压边缘500 hPa弱西风槽过境影响产生的,副热带高压主体加强西移,850～700 hPa有较强的西南急流。强降水产生在西南低空急流的前方、暖式切变线附近;西南低空急流加强北上强降水开始,急流减弱强降水结束。强降水区与CAPE的高值区、低层水汽通量高值舌、水汽辐合中心、暖平流中心有较好的对应关系。西南低空急流、GPS/MET水汽监测对强降水的短时预报有一定的指示性。对流云团TBB最低为-78～-62 ℃,各观测站对应最大小时雨量为40～90 mm。强降水期间,850 hPa及以下有中尺度涡旋发展,涡旋尺度小,气压场上表现很弱,流场上表现明显,有明显的气旋性环流中心,在925 hPa涡旋中心东南部的暖平流中心降水强度最大。第一次强降水的中尺度涡旋源地发展,稳定少动,在其东南部上升运动强且降水强度大;第二次强降水中,冷空气在低层从西北部侵入,形成气旋,向东北移动,强降水产生在冷锋前部的暖区中,对流不稳定能量高,降水强度大、范围大。 相似文献
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利用营口新一代天气雷达提供的每6分钟一次的风廓线资料,详细分析了2006年6月29日辽宁省西部大暴雨过程中强降雨时段的低空风场结构。得出:此次强降水天气的发生与低空急流的迅速加强和向下扩展相对应,短时大暴雨发生前低空西南急流提前2小时左右开始有动量快速下传,当20m.s-1的急流中心下传到≤1km超低空,1.2～2.1km低空出现24m.s-1东南急流,有利于产生短时大暴雨;说明低空脉动及向地面扩展程度与短时强降水之间关系密切。低空急流到达测站上空不一定立即产生强降水,有时会滞后1～2个小时,强降水或强烈天气的发生都存在着一定的动量下传,引起低空扰动加强,同时低空急流的强度和伸展高度,以及动量下传的能量大小,都直接制约着强降水的强弱。低空急流指数增大的程度和降水量的强度呈正比关系,低空急流指数不仅可以说明低空急流的脉动以及向地面扩展程度与中小尺度的强降水存在密切的关系,同时对强降水的出现以及雨强的大小有一定的预示作用。 相似文献
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梅雨锋强降水与低空急流日变化的观测分析和数值模拟 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
利用地面加密自动站逐小时观测资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了2011年6月江淮流域的5次强降水过程和西南低空急流的日变化特征。发现强降水的日变化与西南低空急流的日变化一致:02—08时增强,14时减弱。这主要是由于夜间边界层内的惯性振荡,导致西南低空急流增强从而使得梅雨锋水汽通量辐合增强,降水增强;而白天由于边界层混合摩擦力增大,致使西南低空急流减弱或消失,降水减弱。WRF数值模拟试验不仅重现了观测的日变化特征,而且证实了江淮暴雨和西南低空急流的日变化主要是由非地转风的日变化造成:白天边界层混合强,风为次地转;而夜间边界层混合消失,气压梯度力和科氏力平衡的惯性振荡使得风为超地转 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°FNL资料和多普勒雷达、卫星TBB等资料,对2016年6月1—2日和18—19日江西省北部两次对流性暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明,高空冷涡、西太平洋副热带高压、中低层急流、高空槽等共同作用导致两次暴雨发生。中层有冷空气影响,低层深厚西南急流维持时,更利于降水的对流性特征维持。两次暴雨过程强降水由低质心较强回波的“列车效应”造成。强降水回波带有多单体风暴和强降水超级单体风暴特征时,强降水效率更高。两次过程水汽收支中水汽通量散度项由正转负,水汽垂直输送项由负转正,中低层水汽辐合将低层大量水汽向上输送至中高层,利于强降水的形成。差动涡度平流中心与上升运动中心吻合,其导致垂直动力强迫,促进扰动不稳定和垂直运动的发展。强上升运动区南北两侧垂直经向环流和反环流的形成,为强暴雨的发生维持提供了持续的强水汽水平输送和辐合抬升条件。 相似文献
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利用MICAPS资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料以及榆林多普勒天气雷达产品,对2017年7月25—26日榆林市区域性暴雨、局地大暴雨成因进行分析。结果表明:500hPa短波槽、700hPa低空西南急流和850hPa中尺度切变线是本次过程的主要影响系统;700hPa西南急流为特大暴雨的主要水汽输送系统,同时为强降水的维持提供了不稳定能量。雷达反射率演变特征表明该次过程有两个强降水时段,第一阶段为位于榆林北部的带状回波和南部的孤立雷暴单体造成的局地强降水,第二阶段为回波前部不断生成并发展的多个强回波中心给榆林南部带来的大范围短时暴雨。径向速度图上,在第二阶段对称的正负速度中心表明700hPa存在明显的西南低空急流;过程期间低空急流与强降水的发生具有较高的相关性,持续出现的中心风速为15 m/s以上的西南急流对短时大暴雨的产生有重要作用,低空急流的强度直接影响着强降水强度,急流风速增幅越大,强降水雨强增幅越大。 相似文献
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边界层急流在粤东暴雨中心两次极端强降水过程中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于广东省气象观测资料、汕尾多普勒天气雷达产品和全球再分析资料CSFR,分析了2013年8月和2018年8月发生在粤东暴雨中心的破纪录极端强降水过程,阐明边界层急流的作用。结果表明:(1)两次过程的主要影响系统分别为长时间缓慢移动的1311号台风尤特残余环流和季风低压外围环流,当粤东暴雨中心处于台风环流东南侧和季风低压东侧时,边界层急流在该区域辐合抬升,形成的中尺度能量锋利于强降水的触发;(2)边界层急流为强降水提供了充沛的、源源不断的水汽条件,同时配合特殊地形的摩擦、阻挡等作用,在粤东暴雨中心内形成了明显的水汽通量辐合;(3)持续性强降水发展期间,大气层结长时间处于不稳定状态与对流层低空暖湿平流的不断输送密切相关。两次过程中不同点主要表现为边界层急流强度和风向不同,由此带来的气流辐合方式和强降水范围有明显的差异,季风低压影响过程中边界层急流作用更显著。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2021,(4)
利用常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2019年3月4—5日发生在南岭山脉附近的强降水天气进行综合分析。结果表明:短波槽活跃,低层急流强盛,特别是边界层急流、切变较长时间维持,为这次暴雨过程提供了很好的动力和水汽条件;水汽集中在800 hPa以下,主要是低层和边界层的水汽辐合;偏北气流南下过程中,与南方暖湿气流在南岭山脉地形影响下易形成边界层及地面的中尺度气旋,大尺度切变线、辐合线受山脉阻挡南推缓慢,增加强降水维持时间,气流持续汇集产生辐合,使得水汽通量辐合区位置与南岭山脉的位置、走向一致,降水增幅明显;早春时节的暴雨,一般热力条件差,着重关注水汽及动力条件,特别是出现低空急流和边界层偏南急流时,在有利的地形下易触发中小尺度扰动而出现强降水。 相似文献
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基于ECMWF的ERA-Interim全球大气再分析资料、MICAPS实况数据和广东省气象观测资料,对比分析了广东惠东高潭1979年、2013年和2018年的三次极端强降水过程的成因。结果表明:造成高潭极端强降水的影响系统有台风本体环流、登陆后的台风残余环流、季风低压外围环流等,其中2018年季风低压影响过程降水量最大;不同过程对流层低层强迫暖湿气流辐合抬升方式不同,分别为冷暖气流相互作用、西南季风和偏南季风地交汇、季风涌、边界层急流等;各过程中伴随的低空西南气流和偏南气流的风速大小差异明显,2013年台风残余环流影响时低空西南(偏南)风风速最大。相同点有:影响天气系统移动缓慢,并长时间维持,为极端强降水的发生发展和维持提供有利的动力条件;西南(偏南)季风、边界层急流或西南气流源源不断的水汽输送,为极端强降水的发展和维持提供了充足的水汽条件,同时低空暖湿气流的输送使得暴雨区大气层结不稳定状态长时间维持,利于持续性强降水的发展。研究结论可为今后高潭及其附近地区极端强降水的预报和决策服务提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献