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1.
利用实况观测资料、中尺度自动站资料、中国气象局物理量分析资料和泰山多普勒雷达资料对2013 年7 月18 日发生在鲁西南至鲁中的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：强降水由500hPa西风槽、700hPa 切变线、850hPa低涡、地面辐合线、以及副热带高压西北边缘的暖湿气流共同影响造成。低层前期明显的持续升温为暴雨的产生创造了良好的热力条件,副高外围的水汽输送为此次暴雨提供了充足的水汽,同时暴雨区不稳定能量的维持和层结对流不稳定的结构,有利于暴雨的产生。地面中尺度辐合线的生成和发展, 是这次暴雨产生的启动机制, 暴雨的分布与地面辐合线的走向基本一致。强降水期间,沿低层切变线北侧东北气流南下的冷空气与暖空气交汇,使对流加强、降水强度加大。另外,泰安地处鲁中山区向西南开口的山谷的南部,偏南气流的迎风坡,有地形产生的偏南风的辐合和抬升,地形造成的辐合上升运动对泰安地区第一个强降水时段降水具有明显的增幅作用。两个强降水时段雷达回波为混合型降水回波,反射率因子强度一般在30～35dBz,最强达40dBz,其中第一个强降水时段回波对流发展的高度更高。特殊的地势地貌也是此次暴雨产生的重要原因。 相似文献
2.
利用各种观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1×1°再分析资料,对2012年7月30日夜间和31日夜间鲁西北连续两天强降雨天气进行诊断和对比分析。结果表明:强降水产生在西风槽前和副热带高压边缘的偏南暖湿气流中,西风槽稳定少动,台风在东南沿海北上,副高加强北抬,为鲁西北连续两天的强降水提供了天气尺度背景。925hPa及以下的低层,来自于渤海的偏东气流和来自于华东沿海的东南气流同时向鲁西北强降水区输送水汽,低层比湿大,CAPE和K指数较高。第1次强降水产生在偏南气流的暖区中,降水强度大,维持时间短。第2次强降水期间,低层有冷空气锲入,把暖湿气流抬升,前期为对流性降水,中后期转为稳定性降水,降水强度小,维持时间较长。850hPa及以下倒槽式切变线和中尺度低涡环流是造成强降水的中尺度影响系统,近地面层来自于渤海的东北气流与来自于东南沿海的东南暖湿气流形成中尺度涡旋,产生气旋式辐合上升,触发对流不稳定能量释放。对流云团在鲁西北形成长形的中尺度对流系统(MCS),稳定少动,有明显的列车效应和后向传播特征。强降水具有较强的日变化,夜间发展增强,白天减弱。 相似文献
3.
吉林省重大暴雨过程评估方法研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用Barnes滤波原理,构建合适的带通滤波器,获取了中尺度信息,对2005年7月21～24日台风"海棠"登陆后与中纬度系统相互作用给河南省造成的暴雨过程进行了分析.结果表明:在台风外围大尺度气旋性环流中,中尺度低压、中尺度辐合线和辐合区是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;台风低压移近后,与西太平洋副高之间气压梯度加大,可以在副高西南侧形成东南风低空急流,东南急流的形成促使中尺度系统加强和发展;干冷空气自对流层中层向低层伸展,与低层的暖湿气流交汇,使对流和暴雨加强. 相似文献
4.
中低纬度环流系统的相互作用及其暴雨特征的模拟研究 总被引：49，自引：5，他引：44
利用MM5模式分别模拟了台风、中纬度西风槽对台风远距离槽前降水的影响.试验结果表明,(1)台风的强度影响了台风东侧东南急流向中纬度槽前的水汽输送.低层水汽输送,造成中纬度暴雨区强水汽辐合和不稳定能量积聚,故槽前降雨的强度与其南方台风东侧的水汽输送有着相当密切的关系.(2)中纬度西风槽提供了有利于台风远距离降水的大尺度背景场.西风槽的存在,有利于垂直运动的发展和维持,有利于降雨的产生和发展.模拟结果表明,槽的加强和减弱将会相应地造成中纬度暴雨区的加强和减弱. 相似文献
5.
2007年7月18—19日山东省大暴雨天气分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
应用常规观测资料、中尺度站资料、卫星云图、雷达回波和T213数值预报产品,对2007年7月18-19日山东省大范围对流性暴雨天气的成因进行了分析.分析了产生暴雨的天气系统特征,大气垂直稳定度和对流有效位能,产生暴雨的水汽条件和动力触发机制,给出了产生暴雨的对流云团演变特征.研究结果表明,对流性大暴雨是由东北冷性低涡、前倾槽、副热带高压边缘西南暖湿气流和冷空气的共同影响产生的.低层强盛的偏南气流建立起水汽通道,把水汽源源不断地向暴雨区输送.前倾槽结构和低层增温增湿使得大气强烈的对流不稳定和对称不稳定.低层较强的东北气流与强盛的西南暖湿气流侧向汇合,垂直涡度增大,辐合上升运动增强,对流不稳定能量释放,产生中尺度对流云团.地面冷锋前生成中尺度低压,加强了辐合上升运动.高层辐散与低层辐合相配合,有利于上升运动发展和维持.卫星云图中显示两个对流云团合并发展形成中尺度对流复合体(MCC).雷达回波中表现为两个东西向的带状强降水回波相衔接,缓慢南移;暴雨区上空东北气流、西北气流和西南气流相汇合;低层东北气流逐渐增大.冷空气从低层侵入. 相似文献
6.
1513号台风“苏迪罗”不同阶段降水的中尺度特征分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用分辨率为1 °×1 °的FNL再分析资料、自动站逐小时降水资料、卫星云顶黑体亮温(TBB)资料以及雷达资料对2015年第13号台风“苏迪罗”不同阶段降水特点、引发暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场及其发生发展过程进行了全面分析。分析发现:台风“苏迪罗”具有强度强、在陆地上维持时间长等特点。带来的降水量大、影响范围广。其中降水主要集中在两个阶段:台风登陆过程降水及与冷空气结合引起的降水。两个阶段分别于闽北浙南一带以及江苏地区存在强降水中心,环流云系中存在着明显发展的中尺度对流云团。引发两个阶段暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场条件分析发现:（1）台风环流内部的中尺度对流系统的生成和发展是造成暴雨的重要原因。强降水过程发生在低层辐合高层辐散的高低空系统耦合背景下。充沛的水汽条件、地形抬升作用、冷空气入侵等条件触发了强降水。（2）闽北浙南地形抬升加强了低层气流辐合,与中高层辐散气流的相配合是引起中尺度对流活动的主要机制。台风北侧为向岸风,南侧为离岸风,水汽集中在台风主体北部辐合,非对称结构明显,这是导致第一阶段强降水中心主要位于台风主体北部的重要原因。（3）台风北上后由于台风低压环流受北侧高空槽后部冷空气影响,冷空气与南来强盛暖湿气流在苏皖地区交汇,形成强对流活动并导致第二阶段暴雨过程。 相似文献
7.
登陆台风Rananim(0414)环流内中尺度辐合线的形成和发展研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
0414号台风Rananim不仅在中国沿海引起暴雨灾害,还在中国内陆产生了强烈降水,导致严重的洪水和地质灾害。基于地面、探空和卫星观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°分析资料以及日本气象厅区域谱模式同化资料(20 km×20 km格距),对台风Rananim内陆强降水过程中环流内中尺度辐合线的形成和发展进行研究,结果表明:(1)中纬度冷空气自对流层中低层侵入台风环流,与台风偏东风暖湿气流相遇,激发了中尺度辐合线在其西北象限的生成。(2)这条中尺度辐合线存在于700 hPa以下低层,具有指向冷空气的斜升气流,并形成辐合线上的垂直环流圈。β-中尺度对流云团群在中尺度辐合线附近形成发展,最后并入台风残涡云团,生消过程约12 h。(3)中尺度辐合线上对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定共同存在,为强对流运动提供有利环境。湿斜压性增强是中尺度辐合线斜升气流上条件性对称不稳定产生的主要原因。(4)中尺度辐合线与台风环流相互作用的诊断表明,中尺度辐合线从台风低层获得动能和垂直涡度而发展,而其发展又为台风环流提供动能和高层正涡度,减缓了台风衰减。中尺度辐合线不仅直接产生暴雨对流云团,还有利于热带气旋的维持,造成内陆持续强降水。 相似文献
8.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面高空常规观测资料、中尺度自动气象站等资料,对2011年10月13日(简称"榕树"过程)和2008年4月19日(简称"浣熊"过程)台风与中纬度系统相互作用产生的江西省南部暴雨个例进行对比分析。结果表明:1)"浣熊"过程为台风与西风带低槽结合产生的系统层状云降水。"榕树"过程是台风倒槽与西风槽相互作用,槽前云系与台风倒槽云系结合诱发中尺度对流云发展的对流性降水。2)"榕树"过程期间,仅有一条由台风东侧的偏南气流形成的水汽输送带,但江西省南部一直位于水汽辐合中心。"浣熊"过程虽有台风东侧的偏南气流和孟加拉湾的西南气流2条明显的水汽输送带,但江西省南部位于水汽辐合区的边缘,水汽辐合强度稍弱。3)"榕树"过程强降水发生期间,从地面至400 h Pa高度有正涡度柱的维持。"浣熊"过程近地层至边界层系统发展不明显,近地层辐合抬升力条件稍弱。4)"榕树"过程的热力不稳定作用更大,造成降水的对流性更强。"浣熊"过程有低空急流建立加强,暴雨范围更大。5)"榕树"过程由于有高空急流的抽吸作用以及地面中尺度系统生成,形成南北两支次级环流圈,更有利于上升运动的维持。 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
2013年7月8日河南濮阳发生强降水天气,利用常规天气观测资料、NECP再分析资料、地面自动站加密资料、卫星云图和天气雷达产品,诊断此次强降水过程产生的原因及中尺度特征。分析表明:(1)此过程属切变线暴雨过程,高空低槽东移、副热带高压加强北上、西南暖湿气流加强、中低层切变线和地面倒槽发展是强降水过程的环流特征。强降水发生在大气层结不稳定区域,低层水汽充沛,有低层强辐合、高层强辐散的环境场特征。降水中心位于中低层"人"字型切变顶端右侧暖切变线附近、地面倒槽顶端冷暖空气气旋性辐合最强区域;(2)沿倒槽辐合线强烈发展的β中尺度的对流云团东北移与濮阳周围发展的对流云团合并加强,形成较强的中α尺度的对流系统(MCS),对流性强降水落区处于MCS的前端对流发展旺盛区及附近,此处云顶亮温(TBB)值达到最低(203 K);(3)多普勒雷达回波图上,多条中尺度回波短带汇合加强,形成"人"字型带状回波北抬,与濮阳附近发展的对流回波合并加强,强回波在濮阳当地打转滞留,造成强降水;径向速度图上,低层较大的东南风入流和中层大范围强盛的西南风入流在雷达站周围形成中小尺度的强旋转辐合风场,使对流上升运动增强,造成极端对流性强降水。同时此处也是地面中小尺度的气旋性辐合处。 相似文献
10.
山东一次区域性暴雨中尺度特征分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用常规资料、地面自动站资料、FY2C卫星云图TBB和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2009年5月9—10日发生在山东的春季区域性暴雨进行分析和研究。结果表明:①强降水是在低层冷空气和深厚西南暖湿气流交汇的过程中产生的,副高异常偏强,制约850～700hPa切变线和地面辐合线停滞少动,产生较长时间的降水。②地面辐合线的形成和维持激发了边界层的辐合上升运动,为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽,冷空气从边界层楔入,与暖湿气流汇合并抬升暖湿气流辐合上升,使上升运动加强,降水增幅。③中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要中尺度系统,多个单体更迭并移经同一区域,形成"列车效应"而产生区域性暴雨。④雷达径向速度图中逆风区和不同高度(超)低空急流的大小对短时强降水预报有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献