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建立福建汛期降水量气候场的主分量逐步回归预测模型,通过预测福建汛期降水量气候场的主分量来实现对福建汛期降水量场的预测。选取北半球500 hPa高度场、太平洋海温场、北半球海平面气压场等含不同区域不同季节的诸多因子场的前若干主分量因子作为预测因子。计算分析了福建汛期降水场的主分量分布特征和分型特点。利用相关筛选和双重检验逐步回归方法,建立福建汛期降水场与多个因子场的关系,建立主分量的预测方程。通过对2012年福建汛期降水的预报,发现该模型对福建汛期降水的趋势和分布有较好的预测能力。 相似文献
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利用1965~2000年华北5省市及相邻省73个地面观测站逐月平均降水场及北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场资料, 采用奇异值分解 (SVD)、奇异交叉谱 (SCSA) 分析方法, 将华北夏季降水场分别与1月北半球500 hPa高度场、冬季北太平洋海温场进行了诊断分析, 得出奇异向量分布型及相互作用的耦合周期信号。在对前4对奇异向量的分析中发现, 华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与1月北半球500 hPa高度场PNA遥相关型关系非常密切。ENSO对华北夏季降水的影响确实存在, 但华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与冬季北太平洋ENSO关系并不明显。同时还找出了华北降水与北半球500 hPa高度、北太平洋海温场相互作用的关键区。在华北各型降水与高度场、海温场关键区相互作用的耦合周期中, 前者以准2~7年振荡为主; 后者则周期较长, 最短周期仍为准2年振荡, 最长周期为准10~11年振荡。以上结论为进一步研究华北夏季降水短期气候预测方法, 提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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印度洋海温的偶极振荡与高原汛期降水和温度的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1961—2000年近40年印度洋海温距平场资料及对应的青藏高原35个观测站的降水与温度资料,通过相关普查得出,印度洋地区东西海温的偶极振荡与青藏高原汛期降水、温度有较好的相关关系,特别是前期1月、12月～2月的印度洋地区东西海温的偶极指数与青藏高原汛期(6～8月)降水和前一年6月的印度洋地区东西海温的偶极指数与青藏高原汛期(6～8月)温度有很好的相关。分析1961—2002年NCEP／NCAR 500hPa北半球高度场资料发现,印度洋地区东西海温的偶极指数与欧亚500hPa的高度场异常有密切的关系,并通过印度西南季风的强弱,影响到青藏高原汛期降水和温度的变化。 相似文献
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采用偏最小二乘回归建立了前汛期(4-6月)月降水量的预测模型,其中模型的输入因子是通过对3个前期月平均物理量场(海温场、500 hPa温度场和200 hPa高度场)大量的场相关因子采用系统降维的处理方法获得.为实现同时对多个站点的月降水量预测,将多站点的月降水量预测转换成多站点气候场的主分量预测,进一步利用气候场特征向量的近似不变性进行回算,从而得到多站点的逐站月降水量预测结果.对广西37个基本站的前汛期月降水量进行了6年独立样本检验,其预报结果显示该模型具有较好的预报能力. 相似文献
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CCM3大气环流模式月-季尺度预报初步试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
以1991和1994年NCEP再分析格点资料作初始场, 用NCAR气候模式CCM3进行了48次月、季预报, 针对500 hPa高度和中国降水资料对其预测能力进行了检验.结果表明, CCM3对月尺度的高度场的预报有一定的能力.对中国160站的降水距平进行月尺度和季节预报, 其准确程度可以和目前经验预报的水平相当.比较使用实际海温和用外推法预测的海温两种下边界条件所作的预报结果发现, 两者的效果差异不大. 相似文献
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遗传神经网络释用气候模式预测产品的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从业务需求出发,提出了面向气候模式产品释用的神经网络。选用主分量作为网络的输入和输出,大大减少了其节点数,重点突出了大尺度影响变化关系,提高了实际预测的稳定性;用全局寻优的遗传算法取代经典BP算法,为高质量的网络学习训练提供了保证;针对实际设计代价函数,保证了网络学习训练能适应气候模式产品释用的基本要求,学习目的更明确,针对性更强。分别以夏季（6～8月）NCEP／NCAR500 hPa高度场、国家气候中心海气耦合模式500hPa高度预测场主分量为外界输入信号,同期中国降水场、华中区域降水场主分量为网络输出信号,进行了拟合预测和独立预测试验。结果表明：用模式500hPa高度预测场主分量为外界输入信号,网络输出（降水场主分量）反演的中国、华中地区降水场预测距平与实况同号率,有可能接近用NCEP／NCAR500 hPa高度场主分量为外界输入信号相当的技巧水平。 相似文献
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本文采用EOF分析方法对华南(广东、广西、海南)1957～1994年前汛期(4～6月)和后汛期(7～9月)的降水量进行分析,结果发现,华南前汛期和后汛期雨量的最主要特征(第一特征向量)都是华南降水趋势一致的形势,前汛期降水偏多(少)中心呈东西向,位于阳江-玉林-龙州一带,后汛期降水偏多(少)中心位于桂东北和粤西北.`` 通过主要特征向量对应的时间系数与北半球500hPa高度场、北半球海平面气压场、西北太平洋海温场和100hPa高度场的相关分析发现,前汛期各主要特征向量与前期8、9月500hPa高度场,9、10月海平面气压场的相关较好,第四特征向量与7、11月海温场的相关较好.后汛期第一、二特征向量与前1年11、12月的500hPa高度场、11月海平面气压场相关较好.海温场明显地影响华南的后汛期降水,各主要特征向量与海温场的相关都较好,其中以与前1年7、10和11月相关最显著.华南前、后汛期的各主要特征向量与前期100hPa高度场的相关不显著. 相似文献
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利用1951-2006年西南地区春季4～5月温度资料和北半球500 hPa高度及北太平洋海温资料等,通过合成分析、相关分析及关联表方法,研究了西南地区春季气温的气候变化及其与北半球500hPa高度场、热带海温场和南方涛动的联系.结果表明:西南地区春季气温具有明显的年代际气候变化特征;春季异常冷暖年份,北半球500 hPa高度距平场和热带海温距平场分布具有明显不同;前期1～3月北半球诸副热带高压体强、弱变化和前期8月～2月热带海温,尤其是前期12月～1月NINO 3区海温高低变化对西南地区春季气温具有很好的预测指示性,它们之间存在着密切的正相关关系;前期8～9月南方涛动强、弱变化对西南地区春季气温也有很好的指示意义,它们之间负相关关系密切. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献