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1.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(5)
利用2008年1月至2014年12月北京地区高空和地面气象观测资料及逐日大气成分监测数据,对北京地区空气质量≥5级重空气污染的持续时间、500 hPa高空环流形势、地面气压场及相应的边界层结构特征进行了统计分析。结果表明:2008年1月至2014年12月北京地区发生重空气污染时500 hPa以纬向环流为主,占重空气污染总日数的58.4%。从地面气压场来看,低压辐合区型重空气污染出现频率最高,为38.3%;其次为高压后部型重空气污染,出现频率为18.8%。北京地区出现重空气污染天气时500 hPa多为纬向环流,850 hPa为偏南暖平流,地面气压场为低压辐合区、高压后部、高压底部、弱气压场、高压前部、低压倒槽、弱高压、鞍型场及华北地形槽时均可出现重空气污染天气过程。配合以上天气形势,重空气污染天气出现时,边界层长时间存在逆温、低层风速较小且湿度大,并根据重污染天气特征建立了北京地区重空气污染概念模型。 相似文献
2.
利用2014-2016年高空、地面气象资料和大气环境监测资料,对开封市空气重污染日持续时间和发生月份特征、 500 hPa高空环流和地面气压场形势、污染物浓度与气象要素的相关性和分布特征进行了统计分析。结果表明:开封市重污染日主要发生在11月至次年1月,重污染日的首要污染物为PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),出现频率分别为97%和3%;秋冬季重污染常具有连续性,连续1～2天的重污染累计频率为44%,连续3～6天的累计频率达到56%。发生重污染时500 hPa形势主要分为平直纬向环流型、低槽型和西北气流型,出现频率分别为47%、43%和10%;地面气压场形势主要分为高压前部型、均压场型、低压南部型、倒槽型和东高西低型,其中高压前部型出现频率最高,达63.4%,其次均压场型占18.3%,其他3种类型出现频率都在5%～7%。重污染日逆温层高度主要分布在925-1000 hPa,但当逆温层高度达到850 hPa时,其发生重污染的概率达到40%;重污染日850-925 hPa风速多在10m·s~(-1)以下,1000 hPa风速多在5 m·s~(-1)以下,地面早晚间风速多为1～3 m·s~(-1);地面早晚间相对湿度主要分布在60%～90%。根据统计结果,选取低层风速、逆温、地面风速、地面相对湿度、云量等作为预报因子,应用"配料"法,建立6个空气重污染潜势预报模型。经检验评估,24-72 h模型预测准确率达到85%以上。 相似文献
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基于2015—2021年近7 a乌鲁木齐冬季逐小时地面常规观测资料和空气质量数据，并结合ERA5再分析资料对重污染日PM2.5不同增长类型的污染特征、环流形势以及气象条件进行综合分析。研究发现，近7 a乌鲁木齐冬季PM2.5重污染及以上级别的比例由41.2 %降至8.6 %，PM2.5重污染天数由63 d降至13 d，超过70%重污染日PM2.5浓度增长分布在60 μg?m-3以内。依据PM2.5增长类型判别方法，近7 a乌鲁木齐冬季重污染日以缓慢型增长为主。对比分析爆发型增长和缓慢型增长的天气背景形势表明，两种增长类型在欧亚范围内500 hPa高空形势上均主要受西北或偏西气流影响，爆发型增长的高压脊势力较强，乌鲁木齐处于高压中心后部且气压梯度显著；而缓慢型增长的高压脊较为平直，乌鲁木齐位于高压后部的均压场控制下，气压梯度相对较弱。对比两种类型边界层内逆温厚度和强度发现，爆发型增长在925~700hPa之间的逆温层平均厚度明显大于缓慢型增长，前者逆温强度达到1.8 ℃?（100m）-1，明显高于缓慢型增长的1.2 ℃?（100m）-1，表明造成两种PM2.5不同类型增长与边界层内的逆温垂直特征分布结构存在密切联系。 相似文献
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以2000-2009年中国环境保护部公布的空气质量日报中空气污染指数大于200的日期作为重污染日,从气象因素方面分析哈尔滨冬季重污染日发生的原因。结果表明：哈尔滨冬季重污染日20时地面风速为1级或静风;85 %的重污染日在850 hPa层以下有逆温现象,最大逆温强度出现在地面与925 hPa之间,为0.73 ℃/100 m;95 %的重污染日在850 hPa层以下有下沉运动。重污染的典型地面形势包括高压边缘型、高压中心型和低压边缘型三类。高压边缘型和高压中心型表现为大气对污染物的水平、垂直输送均为不利,而低压边缘型表现为有利于污染物的垂直输送。天气形势特征的归类,可为开展空气污染预报提供参考。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中尺度天气模式MM5对2010年1月14—19日沈阳大气污染天气系统进行模拟分析。对此次天气过程的地面和高空气压场、地面至高空各高度层随时间变化的水平风场及垂直剖面风场、垂直方向温度廓线等气象要素进行分析和模拟,描述大气污染中天气系统的变化过程,分析造成大气污染的气象要素变化。结果表明：此次污染天气过程对应地面场为长白山高压、地形槽环流型;500 hPa高空天气形势为两槽一脊,地面风场主要受高压辐散气流控制;地面至高空不同高度的水平风场均有偏南风切变和偏西风切变,垂直剖面风场对应有下沉气流,地面至高空的温度廓线出现明显的逆温。这些气象条件共同造成了持续污染天气。而500 hPa位势高度场持续长时间两槽一脊的环流形势,是造成长时间污染天气的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用1980—2017年逐日雾观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,采用统计学、天气学、累积频率等方法分析了衢州市雾日的时空分布特征及雾预报方法。结果表明:①衢州市雾的空间分布呈北多南少、山区明显多于平原的特征;雾出现时间主要集中在冬春季,83.2%的雾出现在23时—次日09时,峰值在06时;②容易导致衢州出现区域性雾的地面天气类型有4类:冷锋前暖区型、大陆高压型、入海高压后部型和低槽型;500 hPa高空环流形势有3种:低槽型、高压脊型和纬向气流型;③雾发生前一天对流层低层小风、高湿并伴有逆温,其中低槽型雾逆温层接地,其他3种类型逆温层抬离地面;④用累积频率法定量给出了雾出现的相对湿度、风速、逆温的阈值与消空指标。⑤经过两年使用,该预报模型预报准确率达71.2%,具有较强的预报价值。 相似文献
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应用常规观测资料、污染物浓度资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料从环流形势、边界层特征和扩散条件等方面对2013年和2016年两次持续性霾重污染过程进行对比分析。结果表明:①2013年过程和2016年过程在500hPa高空上分别为阻塞环流型和纬向环流型,关中地区受偏西气流影响、地面气压场较弱、大气层结均比较稳定;②2013年过程西安贴地逆温层顶高度低、相对湿度大、气温低、不利于大气垂直湍流交换,污染物容易堆积,这也是2013年过程比2016年过程重污染持续时间长、污染浓度高的原因之一;③两次过程西安平均风速均小于2m/s,具有显著的低风速特征,且东北风为其主导风向。持续东北风引起上游污染传输和低风速导致的本地污染累积是造成2013年过程污染浓度更高的重要因素;④2013年过程结束是受强冷空气影响,来自高空的干洁大气下沉到地面,置换了边界层的污染空气,使空气质量得到根本改善;而2016年过程是受高原槽东移影响,雨雪天气的沉降作用使得霾消散。 相似文献
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京津冀采暖期大气污染天气特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取2004—2006年京津冀地区采暖期155个区域大气污染日,对当日08:00(或前一日20:00)海平面气压场,结合高空环流特征进行了分析。对影响京津冀区域污染的天气形势划分为5种类型,即高压型、冷锋型、低压型、华北干槽型和均压场型,其中高压型最多,占40.0%。区域污染过程通常对应一次高空环流调整过程,连续性区域污染过程往往由多种天气型影响。地面辐合加上低层逆温和下沉运动阻碍污染物在水平和垂直方向的扩散,在污染源一定的条件下,稳定的大气层结和区域内特殊地形的影响是导致区域污染形成的重要原因。 相似文献
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雾霾天气个例气象条件对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和L波段探空资料从环流形势、扩散条件和边界层特征3个方面对2013年两次雾、霾天气个例进行对比分析,结果表明:500hPa西北气流冷平流、地面弱风场、垂直速度呈弱上升-下沉的垂直分层特点和逆温是两次雾、霾天气出现和维持的共同特征。地面西北风、850hPa弱冷平流、近地层浅薄的接地逆温(100~200m)和湿层与霾天气对应,地面偏东风、850hPa暖平流、925hPa以下深厚的悬浮逆温(400m)和湿层与雾天气对应,霾过程较雾过程逆温强度强,上升运动高度高。消散时雾较霾下沉运动中心高度低,强度弱;霾消散时接地逆温特征变化不大,雾消散时悬浮逆温有底部抬升和大气稳定层结向中性层结转变的变化特征;但均有下沉气流接地、垂直风切变较强和高层低露点干空气下传到地面的特点。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献