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1.
基于乌鲁木齐区域数值预报业务系统,运用MET检验工具,对2017年各季节DOGRAFSv1.0预报性能进行客观检验。结果表明：（1）2m温度日间预报温度整体偏低,夜间多数站点预报温度偏高;冬季预报温度偏高,其他三个季节温度预报整体偏低。10m风速冬季模拟性能最差,春季次之;所有季节风速预报均偏大。（2）夏季、秋季高空温度预报误差小,在3.0℃以内,冬季误差最大,温度预报整体呈冷偏差;不同季节高空位势高度随高度增加误差增大,误差约在6.5～12.0gpm,预报高度比实际高度偏低;不同季节高空U、V风随高度增加误差先增大后减小,均方根误差分别为2.4～6.2m/s和1.8～5.2m/s,U风预报整体比实况偏小,V风预报整体比实况偏大。（3）冬季大阈值降水漏报率较高,12.1mm阈值降水Bias评分仅为0.2,秋季大阈值降水空报率较高,12.1mm阈值降水Bias评分在2.0以上,夏季空、漏报率较低;在新疆地区,四个时段中14～20 BJT 、20～次日02 BJT空报站点数多于漏报,14～20 BJT空报率最高,02～08 BJT漏报率最高,08～14BJT晴雨预报以漏报为主;日间Ts评分高于夜间。 相似文献
2.
利用自动气象站逐小时地面观测资料,采用客观检验方法对北京市气象局快速更新循环预报 (BJ-RUC) 系统在2008—2010年5—9月的预报结果进行检验,初步评估了BJ-RUC系统对地面气象要素的业务预报性能。结果表明:BJ-RUC系统对地面气象要素预报与实况的变化趋势有很好的一致性。其中,2 m温度预报整体偏高,误差范围为-1.5~1.5℃,早上和傍晚偏大,正午偏小;2 m相对湿度的预报整体偏低,误差为-25%~0,白天偏大,夜间偏小;10 m风速预报明显偏大,午后尤为显著,误差为0.6~1.2 m·s-1;6 h累积降水的晴雨预报效果较好,TS评分可达到0.4。系统在初始起报时次的稳定性较差,从第3个起报时次开始逐渐稳定,但预报误差随着预报时效的增长逐渐增大,12 h内的预报误差较小,预报结果较可靠,在短时临近预报中具有参考价值。 相似文献
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数值预报系统检验结果对预报产品的释用和系统的改进有着重要的作用。基于MET（Model Evaluation Tools）检验工具对乌鲁木齐区域高分辨率数值预报系统V2.0 (Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis and Prediction System—Central Asia V2.0，简称RMAPS-CA V2.0）在2021年各季节中的预报性能进行客观检验评估，主要检验了2m温度、10m风速、高空位势高度等要素，并与RMAPS-CA V1.0同期预报性能进行对比分析。（1）2m温度预报偏差在冬季和春季整体为负偏差，在夏季和秋季整体为正偏差；各个季节的平均预报偏差均在2℃以内，预报性能秋季最优，冬季最差。各个季节10m风速预报整体为正偏差且差异不大，平均误差在0.5-1.0 m/s之间，预报性能秋季最优，春季最差。（2）高空位势高度预报偏差在冬季整体为负偏差，在其余季节整体为正偏差，预报性能冬季最优，春季最差。高空风场预报偏差在冬季和春季400hPa以下为正偏差，400hPa以上为负偏差；夏季和秋季整体为负偏差，预报性能春季最优、夏季最差。高空温度场预报偏差在冬季整体为负偏差，其余季节整体为正偏差，预报性能春季最优、夏季最差。（3）降水晴雨预报效果较好，但除夏季外以空报为主；随降水阈值增大、TS评分减小，多以漏报为主，降水评分在冬季最高、夏季最低。从降水个例检验看，24h累计降水为大量和中量的国家站点预报性能有所提升，逐6h累计降水TS评分略有提升。（4）RMAPS-CA V2.0系统各要素预报偏差的变化特征与RMAPS-CA V1.0相似，预报能力整体上要优于RMAPS-CA V1.0。 相似文献
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基于2019年8月至2020年7月华南区域模式（CMA-GD）预报和湖南97个国家站2m温度实况,开展了模式温度预报检验和逐步回归订正技术研究。结果表明,华南区域模式2m温度预报与实况变化趋势基本一致,预报偏差具有明显日变化,白天准确率下降、夜间升高,随着预报时效的延长,偏差增大;夏半年预报偏差大于冬半年;湘西预报效果优于湘东;00时起报的2m温度预报优于12时起报。基于华南区域模式预报产品,区分起报时次和季节的2m温度预报逐步回归订正预报效果较好,订正后预报相对于模式预报误差下降、准确率提高,有明显正技巧,对12时起报的模式预报效果改善更大,不同站点订正效果略有差异,对预报误差较大站点,订正效果明显。 相似文献
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基于MET检验工具对乌鲁木齐区域数值天气预报系统DOGRAFS v1.0在2016年各季节中的预报性能进行客观检验评估,主要检验要素有2m温度、10m风、500hPa形势场等,并与2015年同期预报性能进行对比分析,结果表明：(1)2016年该系统对各个季节2m温度预报以冷偏差为主,午间偏低幅度较大;夏季性能最优,冬季性能最差。对10m风预报以正偏差为主,平均误差在1.0m/s以内;各季节预报性能无明显差异。(2)2016年该系统对500hPa位势高度和温度预报以负偏差为主;位势高度预报性能夏季最优、秋季最差;温度预报性能在夏季最优、冬季最差。24h预报时效的预报性能整体优于48h预报时效。(3)2016年晴雨预报效果较好,夏季降水评分最高、冬季最低。随降水阈值增大、TS评分降低,系统对夏季午后至夜间降水预报评分较高。(4)2015年各要素预报偏差的变化特征与2016年相似,2016年预报性能整体优于2015年。 相似文献
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利用全国地面及高空站点观测资料,对西北区域数值预报业务试验系统(northwest mesoscale numerical prediction system,NW-MNPS)2015年5月1日至2016年4月31日的预报结果进行检验分析,评估NW-MNPS模式对西北区域地面、高空要素及降水的预报效果。结果表明:NW-MNPS模式对西北区域气象要素预报整体效果较好,误差均在合理范围内。其中,对地面2 m温度预报白天偏低,夜晚偏高,昼夜差偏小;对2 m比湿预报白天偏高,夜晚偏低,昼夜差偏大;对10 m风速预报整体偏大。该模式对高空温度预报偏低,比湿预报偏高,风速预报低层偏大、高层偏小;对24 h降水预报,小雨、中雨的预报普遍偏多,而对大雨及以上量级的预报普遍偏少,尤其是大暴雨的预报。 相似文献
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通过T639模式预报产品在内蒙古地区降水量、2 m温度、相对湿度和10 m风向、风速及降水过程预报效果的适用性研究,得出以下结论,温度和相对湿度预报的准确率较风向、风速明显偏高,温度和相对湿度预报的误差系统偏小,风速预报误差偏大的概率较大;降水量的预报准确率随降水等级增加而递减,对小雨而言,模式漏报率小于空报率,多报降水的偏差和少报降水的偏差相近。在预报要素空间分布上,风向预报的偏差顺时针偏转,其夹角小于45°,温度预报偏差总体偏小,相对湿度预报偏差由西向东表现为“+、-、+、-”的分布特征;小雨和中雨落区预报偏大,暴雨落区预报偏小;贝加尔湖冷涡强度的预报偏强,西太平洋副热带高压的强度预报偏弱,影响范围偏西偏北。 相似文献
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利用滑动平均法和递减平均法对2013—2014年江西省1 216个乡镇站点ECMWF集合预报2 m温度集合平均产品进行误差订正试验。结果表明:1)滑动平均法和递减平均法对江西地区乡镇温度预报为正的订正效果,订正后的预报准确率大于订正前,并且递减平均法的订正效果要略优于滑动平均法。2)误差订正方法对各时段温度TRMSE的订正能力都随预报时效的增加而减小,对高温预报准确率的提高明显大于低温,对山区预报准确率的提高大于平原,对有规律的预报误差的站点订正效果较好。3)随季节和站点变化的自适应递减平均法的预报结果较各季节和全年定常最优订正系数好,订正方法对秋季温度预报订正能力最强,春季最差。 相似文献
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利用2013—2015年ECMWF(简称EC)细网格模式2m气温预报产品,分析了不同季节和不同天气形势下EC细网格模式产品对青岛地区7个基准站逐日最高气温和最低气温的预报性能。结果表明:EC细网格模式2m气温预报误差沿海站点大于内陆站点,且误差随着预报时效的延长逐渐增大。最高气温预报除胶州站外均为负误差,最低气温预报青岛、平度、莱西为正误差,崂山、黄岛、胶州和即墨为负误差。最高气温预报在3—4月和8—9月预报质量不稳定,最低气温预报夏半年好于冬半年。根据模式误差特点,给出7站气温主观订正参考值,订正后最高气温预报准确率提高3%~16%,最低气温预报准确率提高4%~18%。EC细网格模式对于暴雨、强对流、高温晴热、回暖天气、冷空气过程最高气温预报偏低,海雾影响时最高温度预报偏高;对冬季大雾情形下的最低气温预报偏低,辐射降温时最低气温预报沿海站点偏低,北部内陆站点偏高。 相似文献
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利用2020年6月1日—2022年5月31日CMA GD模式2 m气温预报产品（预报时效为13—36 h）和同期江西省智能网格预报区域内地面站气温观测资料,计算气温预报准确率、平均误差和均方根误差,并统计分析其时空分布特征。结果表明： 1）模式预报准确率在不同月份、起报时次存在差异,暖季总体较高,冷季总体较低;暖季08时起报产品的月准确率总体高于20时,冷季反之;秋、冬季旬准确率分布更离散。模式预报产品其准确率明显低于中央气象台和江西省气象台订正产品,需订正后使用。08时起报产品对寒潮的预报效果优于20时。2）气温预报年误差分布存在日变化,最大值出现在08时,最小值出现在15时;年均方根误差峰值出现在15时和06时,白天大于夜间。3）冬季平均误差多为正值,夏季为负值,春、秋季平均误差大小界于冬、夏季之间;白天时段夏季均方根误差最大,夜间时段冬季最大。4）气温预报年误差地理分布特征明显,平原地区预报值偏低,年均方根误差最小;丘陵和山区22 h时效预报值偏高,31 h时效偏低;高山站预报值偏高,年均方根误差最大。丘陵地区负误差最大,平原地区最小;山区正误差最大。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献