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2014年5月17日广东强对流天气过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规资料及WRF模式对2014年5月17日出现在广东省的强对流天气过程进行了天气尺度背景和中尺度分析,并对此次强对流天气过程范围大、生命史较长的机制进行了分析。结果表明,WRF模式可以较好地模拟出此次强对流天气过程,可有效地用于强对流天气预警预报;此次强对流过程天气尺度背景属于典型的高空槽配合、切变线配合地面锋面,850 h Pa切变线配合地面锋面共同作用触发了强对流天气发生;环境场强的垂直风切变、强对流雷暴内部有组织的垂直上升和下沉运动是此次强对流天气维持较长生命史的主要原因。 相似文献
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浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象观测和区域自动站观测资料、闪电及多普勒雷达天气资料,对2013年5月29日浙中局地强对流天气过程的环境场、触发机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的;高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大;在热力不稳定能量增长储存条件下,冷空气、地面辐合线与中低层切变线是强对流天气的重要触发机制,地面辐合线对强对流天气还具有组织作用;沿等熵面移动的较大位涡有利于超级单体风暴的发生和发展;初夏0 ℃层高度偏高,但在满足强烈位势不稳定、中等风垂直切变以及低层充足水汽条件下仍可以导致局地小冰雹的产生;地面大风过程是低空暖湿气流入流在快要进入上升气流区时受到上升气流区的抽吸作用而加速导致生成的;多个回波强核被中气旋组织在一起,形成超级单体风暴造成了局地强风雹天气。 相似文献
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2006年5月26日和6月25日三门峡辖区均出现了以地面大风、冰雹为主的灾害性天气.利用常规观测资料和非常规加密探测资料以及雷达、卫星云图资料对这两次灾害性天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:这两次灾害性天气均是由500 hPa华北冷涡后部的下滑槽或横槽转竖带动北方冷空气急剧南下造成的下击暴流引发的强对流天气.当雷达回波顶高超过10 km、强度≥50 dBz并出现回波悬垂结构的超级对流单体或多单体超级对流风暴移来时,易产生强对流天气;强回波质心在移动过程中不断下降或回波悬垂结构、低层弱回波区出现在风暴后部时,是下击暴流发生的前兆;冰雹指数、风暴跟踪信息、中气旋3个产品叠加对强对流风暴发生、发展、移向的预报具有较好的参考作用. 相似文献
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2012年4月广东左移和飑线内超级单体的环境条件和结构对比分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2012年4月开汛后广东省接连出现强对流天气,尤其是冰雹日数更是超过历史同期平均。本文利用常规天气观测资料和雷达、自动站等非常规资料对广东首次观测到的风暴分裂中左移超级单体风暴和飑线内超级单体风暴引发的两次强对流天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:"4·10"冰雹和雷雨大风天气是由局地强烈加热产生的"热雷暴"发展成超级单体风暴造成的;"4·12"冰雹、雷雨大风和短时强降水天气由飑线及飑线内超级单体风暴造成的,其产生于切变线、较强冷空气南下过程中的低层暖平流和中层冷槽共同作用的环境条件下,较强的平流过程使垂直风切变明显增大;两次过程中0℃层高度都低于4月当地0℃层高度平均值。风切变矢量随高度的变化决定了左移和右移风暴的发展趋势,"4.10"风切变矢量随高度逆时针变化,使风暴分裂后左移风暴得以发展成超级单体;"4·12"风切变矢量随高度顺时针变化,有利于有组织风暴即飑线和飑线内超级单体的形成和发展,超级单体向承载层平均风的右侧运动。左移超级单体回波具有中反气旋、弱回波区和旁瓣回波及强回波中心位于其移动方向左侧等特点;飑线内超级单体的中气旋、弱回波区和强回波中心位于回波移动方向右侧,三体散射长钉长度和中层辐合厚度都很大,后侧下击暴流产生了31.1 m·s~(-1)地面强风。 相似文献
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一次超级单体风暴的天气学成因及多普勒雷达回波特征研究 总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3
对2002年5月27日发生在安徽蚌埠地区的一次超级单体风暴过程的天气形势、卫星云图、雷达回波进行了分析,此次过程为该地区近50 a来发生的最强烈的一次超级单体风暴过程。本文尝试从常规的高空、地面环流形势中寻找特殊的异常信息,结合卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料对超级单体的结构及其演变过程进行分析。发现这次强对流性超级单体风暴过程是在较为有利的大尺度环流形势下,多尺度天气系统相互作用,由中尺度对流云体激发产生的超级单体风暴;文章揭示了该地区超级单体风暴的多普勒雷达回波典型特征,旨在对这类强天气的监测、识别和临近预报提供天气学及雷达回波分析的参考依据。 相似文献
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为了更好的预报、预警超级风暴单体引起的短时强降水,利用沈阳棋盘山多普勒雷达、营口多普勒雷达和自动站及地面、高空等气象资料,对2011年7月14日沈阳强降水超级单体风暴进行分析。结果表明：地面辐合线和切变线提前于降水2 h产生,而且地面辐合线和切变线的位置与风暴的生成位置重合。强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴特征,风暴出现弓形回波;速度图上存在“v”型入流缺口,相应速度场上出现中气旋,营口雷达基本反射率最大值达到61 dBz,反射率因子垂直剖面出现弱回波区和回波悬垂。当雷达回波发现中气旋,并预计此中气旋能维持1 h左右或者雷达回波发现弓形回波,沈阳棋盘山雷达基本反射率强度超过45 dBz时,可发布短时暴雨或雷雨大风等强对流气象灾害预警。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、区域自动气象站、NCEP/NCAR再分析和雷达回波资料,对2016年6月30日山东一次阵风锋触发的强对流天气进行了分析。结果表明,此次强对流主要发生在高空槽与副热带高压相互作用、山东高低层受一致西南气流影响的环流形势下,阵风锋、地面辐合线和负变压中心所产生的抬升作用及近地面层冷空气的侵入使气温骤降是触发对流的关键因素。低层水汽充沛、湿层厚,属于上干下湿的不稳定层结。强对流发生区域处在假相当位温差（Δθse）和风暴相对螺旋度（storm relative helicity,SRH）的大值中心及其右侧位置。对流有效位能（convective available potential energy,CAPE）、850 hPa与500 hPa之间温差、大风指数、强天气威胁指数等都对此次强对流有较好的指示作用。0 ℃层高度和融化层高度较高是此次过程未出现大冰雹的原因。较强的0～3 km垂直风切变在强对流预报业务中需要注意。此次强对流过程是线状回波带前侧风暴内出现了阵风锋,阵风锋又不断触发雷暴使个别强单体风暴发展加强成为超级单体风暴,具有持续时间较短的中气旋、高悬的强回波、有界弱回波区、风暴顶辐散、窄带回波、径向速度大值区等回波特征。风暴移动速度比风暴承载层平均风速大,缩短了超级单体存在时间。此外,风暴参数与天气的强烈程度密切相关。 相似文献
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强弱降水超级单体风暴雷达回波特征对比分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
应用天气图、卫星云图资料,重点应用天津新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)产品,对2002年7月15日发生在天津市宁河县的冰雹天气过程和2005年8月16日发生在天津地区的强降水天气过程进行对比分析,重点分析了速度图上中尺度系统的回波特征和反射率图上的图像特征.结果表明:虽然产生这两次强对流天气的影响系统不同,但雷达回波上显示都是超级单体风暴,强降水超级单体风暴产生的是77.5 mm·h-1的暴雨且回波移动方向不会发生改变;弱降水超级单体风暴产生的是直径40 mm的大冰雹且回波移动方向发生了180°的改变.速度图上的特征也不相同,强降水超级单体风暴显示的是"逆风区"特征;弱降水超级单体风暴显示的是中气旋特征.对回波转向原因进行了分析,得出了回波将向核区直径较大、旋转速度较大的中气旋所在方位转向的结论. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献