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为了研究登陆浙江的热带气旋对当地社会经济的破坏程度,对登陆热带气旋的灾害影响进行了预测预警,以提高防台减灾服务水平.用模糊层次综合评价法对1981-2007年在浙江省登陆的热带气旋灾害的影响进行了评估.为了验证上述灾害影响评估模型的正确性,对热带气旋的实际灾情进行评估,并对灾害影响指数和灾情指数进行计算和分级.结果表明:热带气象灾害影响指数和灾情指数同级的一致率达92％,且灾害影响指数与相应直接经济损失的相关系数达0.79,说明该评估模型能够较好地评估热带气旋的灾害影响. 相似文献
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层次分析法在热带气旋灾害影响评估模式中的应用 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
将层次分析法和专家打分法应用于广东省热带气旋灾害影响评估模式中,利用1949～2003年登陆和严重影响广东省的热带气旋的特征参数、气象资料、直接经济损失和造成的灾情损失等资料,对参与评估的指标进行分层,分为中心最低气压、地理综合参数、风综合参数、雨综合参数4个亚评估指标和17个单项评估分指标,用专家打分法进行相对重要性的判别,最后建立“热带气旋综合影响指数”.并用“热带气旋综合影响指数”对热带气旋灾害的影响程度进行分级评判,定量地估算出热带气旋的可能直接经济损失,为政府部门提供参考,并可以与实际灾情调查资料相联系,评估防灾减灾的实际成效. 相似文献
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影响广东省的热带气旋特征分析及灾害损失研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于1990~2015年影响广东省的热带气旋（Tropical cyclone,TC）数据,分析了影响广东省TC的时空特征、灾情年际变化以及灾害强度特征等。并利用灾害指标核算出灾害损失的经济价值,改进综合灾情指数模型。主要得出以下结论:26年来登陆广东省的TC共93个（占登陆我国TC总数的29.6%）,其中有67个对广东省造成了人员伤亡或者经济损失;影响广东省TC频次整体随时间变化不大,强度低的TC频次随年际呈现较为明显地减少变化趋势,而强度高的TC频次呈现较为明显的逐年上升趋势;粤西与珠江三角洲地区受TC侵袭频次明显高于粤东和粤北地区;热带气旋各项灾情指标造成的经济损失（以2015年为可比价）均在1997年出现转折,经济损失急速下滑;各项损失相对值与TC强度之间存在较好的指数正相关关系,低强度等级的热带气旋造成的综合灾情指数呈现较为明显的年际减小趋势,而高强度等级的热带气旋变化趋势不显著。 相似文献
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2000年浙江省热带气旋灾情评估 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析了热带气旋灾害对社会经济发展的影响，说明了科学减灾的重要性。并通过对2000年热带气旋的灾情分析，得出实况灾情小于要素评估系统计算得到的灾情指数，说明正确预报与及早采取科学减灾措施是可以把灾害造成的经济损失减小到最低程度的。 相似文献
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影响普宁市热带气旋的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
统计分析普宁市1959~2008年的热带气旋相关资料得出:1)近50年普宁市受热带气旋影响的频率为3.18个/年,严重影响频率为1.98个/年,是热带气象灾害出现的高频区;2)热带气旋给普宁市带来的灾害以强降水为主,大风天气相对较弱势;3)近50年来影响普宁市的热带气旋呈减少的趋势;4)影响普宁的热带气旋中最多是在汕头以东区域登陆,占总数的48.4%。而严重影响普宁的热带气旋主要是在汕头-海丰登陆;造成6级以上大风或暴雨以上降水的,占该区域登陆并影响普宁的热带气旋的76.9%。 相似文献
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2006年6～8月共有6个热带气旋影响广西，热带气旋灾害所造成的直接经济损失达44亿元（占所有气象灾害造成的直接经济损失的71％）。该文对热带气旋灾害性天气及其影响进行了评估，并对主要的灾害现象及所造成的损失进行了分析。 相似文献
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In this paper, data from disaster reduction in China have been used to statistically analy ze the disaster by tropical cyclones that occurred from 1979 to 1996 within the area of Guangdong province. By the method of fuzzy subset theory, the conditions of the disaster have been discussed and the evaluation model of the disaster B set up. The index of the disaster of every tropical cyclone have been obtained and divided into five parts. The result shows that the index is almost proportional to the direct economic losses, so this model is reasonable. 相似文献
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Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) has been shown to play an important role in climatic diagnosis
and long-term prediction and research. With the OLR data 1974 ~ 1997 as observed by satellites, the
characteristics are computed. The results are used to depict the location and intensity of the subtropical high in
the study of the relationship between the annual frequency of tropical cyclones affecting the Fujian province and
ITCZ / subtropical high. It is shown that in years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones, the ITCZ is southward
(northward) located with weaker (stronger) intensity, and the subtropical high is southward (northward). As
shown in the relationship between the anomalous years of tropical cyclones and characteristics of preceding
OLR fields, the OLR anomalies are just oppositely distributed in the Pacific Ocean for years of more (fewer)
tropical cyclones. In other words, the years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones are associated with positive
anomalies of OLR in the tropical west Pacific but negative (positive) anomalies in the equatorial central and
eastern Pacific. It is hoped that our study be setting foundation for short-term climatological prediction of tropical cyclones. 相似文献
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A dataset entitled "A potential risk index dataset for landfalling tropical cyclones over the Chinese mainland" (PRITC dataset V1.0) is described in this paper, as are some basic statistical analyses. Estimating the severity of the impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall on the Chinese mainland based on observations from 1401 meteorological stations was proposed in a previous study, including an index combining TC-induced precipitation and wind (IPWT) and further information, such as the corresponding category level (CAT_IPWT), an index of TC-induced wind (IWT), and an index of TC-induced precipitation (IPT). The current version of the dataset includes TCs that made landfall from 1949–2018; the dataset will be extended each year. Long-term trend analyses demonstrate that the severity of the TC impacts on the Chinese mainland have increased, as embodied by the annual mean IPWT values, and increases in TC-induced precipitation are the main contributor to this increase. TC Winnie (1997) and TC Bilis (2006) were the two TCs with the highest IPWT and IPT values, respectively. The PRITC V1.0 dataset was developed based on the China Meteorological Administration's tropical cyclone database and can serve as a bridge between TC hazards and their social and economic impacts. 相似文献
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A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GALE REGION OVER OCEAN SURFACE BY TROPICAL CYCLONE USING TBB 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
With black-body temperature(TBB) from GMS infrared cloud imagery for 16 tropical cyclones in 1996-1997 and domestic and overseas reports of gale by tropical cyclones as well as some conventional andshipboard wind reports, a number of conceptual charts are statistically summarized to determine ranges of gales on near gale and 10 of the storm. A method by which the radius of gale is operationally useful has beed tested. 相似文献
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双热带气旋相互作用的机制分析及数值研究 Ⅱ:数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在本文第Ⅰ部分关于双热带气旋相互作用物卵机制分析的基础上,利用正压原始方程模式对,平面上无大尺度环境流场情况下双热带气旋的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究,重点考察了双热带气旋水平流场相互作用的次级环流机制,文[1]中所提出的双热带气旋相互作用的临界距离效应概念在模式中得到了验证.同时通过模拟还发现,双热带气旋的联合强度越强、中心间距越小,则互旋越快;对于相互吸引的双热带气旋而言,合并后范围有所扩大,强度有一定的加强,并且较强的两个热带气旋比一强一弱的两个热带气旋维持的时间要长、较难于合并.这些结果与实际双热带气旋相互作用的观测事实极为一致. 相似文献
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本文利用ERA5 1979-2019年逐月大气再分析资料计算南北印度洋热带气旋生成指数，并和IBTrACS观测数据进行比较，探讨用热带气旋生成指数研究南北印度洋热带气旋变化特征的适用性.研究发现热带气旋生成指数能较好地刻画南北印度洋热带气旋的空间分布特征、北印度洋热带气旋个数月变化的双峰结构，以及南印度洋比北印度洋热带气旋发生概率高等特征.最新的IBTrACS v4.0观测资料显示，40年来北印度洋热带气旋每年总生成个数平均每10年增加1.3个，频数的增加主要来源于热带低压和热带风暴，而南印度洋热带气旋每年总生成个数每10年减少2.8个.热带气旋生成指数能很好地描述北印度洋热带气旋生成个数的上升趋势，但对南印度洋热带气旋生成个数趋势的刻画与观测不一致，可能原因需要进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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利用 NCEP 1960 ～ 1997 年月平均 500 hPa 高度、1000 hPa 的风场和温度、JM A 海表温度资料及 NCA R O LR 资料进行合成分析, 给出了影响华东地区热带气旋(T C)偏多年与偏少年的前秋冬季不同的大气环流、O LR 和海表温度场特征, 从中可看到冬季风活动对 T C 年频数异常有影响。 在此基础上建立了华东地区热带气旋年频数异常的概念模型, 并且进行了试用, 其结果表明该概念模型对华东地区热带气旋年频数的短期气候预测有参考价值。 相似文献
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Summary From 1994 to 2003, fifty-five tropical cyclones entered the Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC) Response Zone, or about 42% of
all named Atlantic tropical cyclones in this ten-year period, and 2003 was the fourth consecutive year for a tropical cyclone
to make landfall in Canada. The CHC forecasts all tropical cyclones that enter the CHC Response Zone and assumes the lead
in forecasting once the cyclone enters its area of forecast responsibility. This study acknowledges the challenges of forecasting
such tropical cyclones at extratropical latitudes. If a tropical cyclone has been declared extratropical, global models may
no longer use vortex bogussing to carry the cyclone, and even if it is modeled, large model errors often result. The purpose
of this study is to develop a new version of the Florida State University (FSU) hurricane superensemble with greater skill
in tracking tropical cyclones, especially at extratropical latitudes. This has been achieved from the development of the synthetic
superensemble, which is similar to the operational version of the multi-model superensemble that is used at FSU. The synthetic
superensemble differs in that is has a larger set of member models consisting of regular member models, synthetic versions
of these models, and the operational superensemble and its synthetic version. This synthetic superensemble is being used here
to forecast hurricane tracks from the 2001, 2002, and 2003 hurricane seasons. The track forecasts from this method have generally
less error than those of the member models, the operational superensemble, and the ensemble mean. This study shows that the
synthetic superensemble performs consistently well and would be an asset to operational hurricane track forecasting. 相似文献
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近30年影响我国东南沿海的热带气旋降水强度变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国地面台站逐日降水资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋最佳路径资料研究了1978～2007年影响我国热带气旋降水强度的变化及其对我国东南沿海盛夏降水变化的影响.近30年影响我国东南沿海盛夏的热带气旋降水增加是导致我国东南沿海盛夏降水显著增加的主要原因.仅从热带气旋降水来看,东南沿海和内陆(包括江西、湖南东部和湖北南部)热带气旋降水强度显著增加,而影响热带气旋降水频次略有增加.通过对雨量站与引起降水热带气旋的中心距离的变化分析发现:内陆地区影响热带气旋距离显著下降,近距离热带气旋引起降水的增加,是该区域热带气旋降水强度增加的主要来源;而东南沿海地区近距离热带气旋降水增加不明显,热带气旋降水强度的增加主要由于同距离热带气旋降水强度的增加.热带气旋经过频次的空间的变化结果证实,近30年经过中国沿海的TC个数变化不大,仅福建沿海一带略有增加,而内陆地区则增加明显,且经过该区域时热带气旋移动速度变慢,这均与该区域近距离热带气旋降水的增加一致. 相似文献
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Based on the primitive equations in polar coordinates, supposing that parcel velocity in tropical cyclones is in linear variation and that the distribution of surface pressure agrees with the Fujita formula, a set of equations are derived, which describe the impact of perturbations of central pressure, position of tropical cyclones, direction and velocity of movement of tropical cyclones on the wind field. It is proved that the second order approximation of the kinetic energy of tropical cyclones can be described by the equations under linear approximation. Typhoon Wipha (2007) is selected to verify the above interpretation method, and the results show that the interpretation method of the wind field could give very good results before the landfall of tropical cyclones, while making no apparent improvement after the landfall. The dynamical interpretation method in this paper is applicable to improving the forecasts of the wind field of tropical cyclones close to the coast. 相似文献