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1.
A DYNAMICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE WIND FIELD IN TROPICAL CYCLONES WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF OROGRAPHIC FACTORS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the barotropic primitive equation in the polar coordinate system and the appropriate
assumption, we obtained the mathematical equation of orographic forcing on unit mass air parcel. With the
consideration of the frictional stress of the sea and land, supposing that parcel velocity in tropical cyclones
is in linear variation and that the distribution of surface pressure is circular, a set of equations are derived,
which describe the impact of orographic slope error, the central pressure error and position error of tropical
cyclones on the wind field in the tropical cyclone. Typhoon Wipha (2007) is selected to verify the above
interpretation method. The results show that the orographic slope, the frictional coefficient, the intensity
and position of the cyclone are the important factors which have great influence on the interpretation of
wind information about tropical cyclones. The dynamic interpretation method gives very good results,
especially for the coastal area. It is applicable to improving the forecasts of the wind field in tropical
cyclones. 相似文献
2.
S. Panchev 《大气科学进展》1990,7(2):137-141
A solution of the nonlinear problem for determining the wind velocity in frictionless atmosphere (the gradient wind) under given geopotential (pressure) field is proposed. The approach is analytical and is based on quadratic polynomial approximation of the geopotential field and linear approximation of the wind velocity field with respect to x and y, the coefficients of the expansions being functions of the time t. The derived system of ordinary nonlinear differential equations is analyzed as a dynamical system. Exact analytical solutions are found for some par-ticular cases, Some of their properties bear a resemblance to those or really existing atmospheric vortices (cyclones and anticyclones). 相似文献
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登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征 总被引：61，自引：9，他引：61
采用动态合成分析方法 ,对登陆后长久维持热带气旋 (LTC)和迅速消亡热带气旋 (STC)的大尺度环流特征进行合成分析和动力诊断。研究表明 :(1)LTC登陆后 ,在一个长波槽前有向偏北移动靠近中纬度斜压锋区的趋势 ,而STC登陆后 ,无长波槽靠近 ,并远离中纬度斜压锋区 ;(2 )LTC登陆后 ,仍与一支低空急流水汽输送通道连结 ,而STC登陆后很快与这支水汽通道分离 ;(3)LTC登陆后逐渐变性 ,获取斜压能量 ,其环境风垂直切变增强 ,Δζ2 0 0 -850负值增大 ,而STC登陆后没有这样的特征 ;(4 )LTC登陆后 ,其高层与中纬度急流靠近 ,增强了其向东北方向的高空流出气流 ,而STC不存在这样一支流出气流 ;(5 )LTC登陆后 ,摩擦使其能量耗损 ,但从中高层环境中获得了能量 ,而STC登陆后 ,有同样的能耗却无明显的环境能量补给。因此 ,当一个热带气旋登陆后 ,从其移动趋势、与水汽通道的连结、与斜压锋区的关系和高空流出气流等特征 ,可以初步判断其是长久维持还是迅速衰减。 相似文献
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登陆广东热带气旋中尺度降水分布变化特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用每小时地面观测资料和卫星遥感资料 ,以 1 999～ 2 0 0 1年在珠江三角洲地区登陆的热带气旋为研究对象 ,从合成分析和个例分析两方面揭示了登陆广东热带气旋降水的中尺度特征及其分布变化。结果表明 ,热带气旋登陆前后中尺度强降水分布发生明显变化 ,登陆后降水不对称性加大 ;热带气旋登陆后中尺度强降水分布随时间变化 ,登陆后第 1 0个小时之前 ,中尺度强降水基本上分布于热带气旋中心附近 ;而热带气旋登陆第 1 0个小时之后 ,中尺度强降水具有明显的“离心”或“偏心”特征。 相似文献
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Leonhard Gantner Vera Maurer Norbert Kalthoff Olga Kiseleva 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,162(3):475-502
A method to simulate characteristics of wind speed in the boundary layer of tropical cyclones in an idealized manner is developed and evaluated. The method can be used in a single-column modelling set-up with a planetary boundary-layer parametrization, or within large-eddy simulations (LES). The key step is to include terms in the horizontal velocity equations representing advection and centrifugal acceleration in tropical cyclones that occurs on scales larger than the domain size. Compared to other recently developed methods, which require two input parameters (a reference wind speed, and radius from the centre of a tropical cyclone) this new method also requires a third input parameter: the radial gradient of reference wind speed. With the new method, simulated wind profiles are similar to composite profiles from dropsonde observations; in contrast, a classic Ekman-type method tends to overpredict inflow-layer depth and magnitude, and two recently developed methods for tropical cyclone environments tend to overpredict near-surface wind speed. When used in LES, the new technique produces vertical profiles of total turbulent stress and estimated eddy viscosity that are similar to values determined from low-level aircraft flights in tropical cyclones. Temporal spectra from LES produce an inertial subrange for frequencies \(\gtrsim \)0.1 Hz, but only when the horizontal grid spacing \(\lesssim \)20 m. 相似文献
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基于风廓线雷达的广东登陆台风边界层高度特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
针对8个登陆广东省的热带气旋,利用经过数据质量控制的风廓线雷达连续、高时空分辨率的风场观测数据,对热带气旋边界层特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:热带气旋边界层中切向风速大值区垂直范围越大、风速越强、持续时间越久,则热带气旋强度越大、登陆后强度维持时间越久。眼区外入流层厚度越大,入流层气流越强,热带气旋登陆后强度维持时间则越久。风廓线雷达信噪比垂直梯度对大气湍流信息有一定的指示作用,对于入流层高度在2000 m以下的热带气旋,其入流层顶所在高度与信噪比梯度最大值所在高度相近,对于入流层较为深厚的热带气旋,用信噪比垂直梯度确定的边界层高度虽接近入流层顶高,但仍有一定差距。不同特点的热带气旋其边界层高度并不相同,对于登陆后强度迅速减弱的热带气旋边界层高度在500~1000 m;登陆后强度持续时间短的热带气旋,其边界层高度约1000~2000 m;登陆后强度持续时间长的热带气旋,其边界层高度在2000 m之上,最高可达5000~7000 m。这些结果加深了对登陆台风边界层高度演变特征的认识。 相似文献
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The landfall of tropical cyclones in the eastern part of China falls in the category of small
probability events. Constructing a step function with intervals adequately divided can help reflect the non-linear
distribution of conditional probability for a landfall event. For the prediction of landfall event probability, factors applying the step function in transformation are superior to the standardized factors that are linearly related. The prediction scheme discussed in the work uses transformation factors of step function to formulate prediction models for tropical cyclones making landfalls in eastern China, through screening with non-linear correlative ratios and REEP analysis. Classified models for statistic-synoptics, statistic -climatology and statistic-dynamics have been constructed using initial field data and numerical prediction output. Forecasting skills have been improved due to ensemble of predictions using these classified models. As shown in forecasting evaluations and experiments, the scheme is capable of predicting tropical cyclones that make landfalls in eastern China. 相似文献
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利用《热带气旋年鉴》资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料采用动态合成分析方法,研究了登陆热带气旋降水与夏季风急流之间的关系,同时对登陆热带气旋与夏季风急流发生相互作用的典型个例强热带风暴Bilis (0604) 利用数值模拟方法研究了二者之间的相互作用对暴雨的影响。结果表明:登陆后造成大范围强降水的热带气旋往往与低层急流长时间相连,其水汽通量和潜热能显著大于弱降水热带气旋。数值试验结果表明:夏季风低空急流向热带气旋输送水汽对热带气旋结构维持有利,当水汽输送被截断后,热带气旋气旋性结构被破坏,强降水减弱、范围明显缩小;季风急流风速增强时可增加水汽通量输送,使得强降水范围增加、强度增强;在夏季风影响背景下,热带气旋在陆上的移动改变水汽和不稳定能量的分布,而热带气旋本身独特的动力结构使得强降水强度增加。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONThat the radar data are reasonably ingested into theassimilation analysis system to improve the analysisquality and prediction precision is one of the problemsmeteorologists currently try to resolve. Many scholarshave already obtained some r… 相似文献
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Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong
province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after
landfall for tropical cyclones of Chanchu and Prapiroon making landfall on the south China coast in 2006.
The results showed that strong convection is located in the eastern and northern sectors of the landfalling
Chanchu and Prapiroon, namely in the front and right portions of the TC tracks, for a period of time
starting from 12 h prior to landfall to 6 h after it. Their convection also had distinct differences in the
vertical direction. The analysis indicated that although the landfall of Chanchu and Prapiroon has the same
asymmetric distribution of convection, the causes are not exactly the same. The asymmetric distribution of
convection in the case of Chanchu is mainly correlated with the impacts of a strong environmental vertical
wind shear, low-level horizontal wind shear, and low-level convergence and divergence. In the case of
Prapiroon, however, the asymmetric distribution of convection is mainly associated with the impacts of
low-level convergence and divergence. 相似文献
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TROPICAL CYCLONE DAMAGES IN CHINA UNDER GLOBAL WARMING 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Over the past 25 years, an annual average of 6 to 7 tropical cyclones (TCs) made landfall on China mainland and Hainan Island with an average intensity of 29.9 m/s at landfall and maintained at least tropical storm intensity for 15.6 hours over land, leading to 505 deaths and 37 billion yuan in direct economic loss, which accounted for 0.4% of the annual GDP of China. Although there was little change in the overall landfall frequency, intensity at landfall and overland duration, the annual total direct economic loss increased significantly due to the rapid economic development over the past 25 years. Under global warming, the intensity of TCs that made landfall on Hainan decreased but the overland duration and frequency of TCs that made landfall on Fujian and Zhejiang increased. At the national and provincial levels, the ratio of the direct economic loss to GDP and casualties caused by landfall tropical cyclones decreased, suggesting the effectiveness of disaster prevention and reduction in China. 相似文献
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南海热带气旋大风的遗传－神经网络集合预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1980-2012年的南海热带气旋实况资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,将热带气旋定位中心周边6×6格点上的地面风速作为预报对象,以气候持续预报因子和前期风速预报因子作为模型输入,采用遗传—神经网络集合预报方法,进行热带气旋定位中心周边36个格点上的风速预报模型的预报建模研究.分别对2008-2012年7-9月共368个独立预报样本进行遗传-神经网络集合方法的分月预报结果表明,南海热带气旋中心周边风速24h的预报平均绝对误差为2.35m.s-1.另外,本文还进一步将该预报方法与国内外普遍采用的逐步回归预报模型进行对比分析,在相同的预报量和预报因子的条件下的对比分析表明,新预报模型对≥10m.s-1的强风预报结果较逐步回归方法的优势明显,预报性能较好,可为沿海热带气旋大风预报提供新的参考. 相似文献
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利用1949—2006年热带气旋资料分析登陆中国又入海的热带气旋(LSTC)的强度变化,重点给出明显加强的LSTC(RLSTC)发生频率、时空分布、路径及强度演变特征。主要结论:(1)LSTC入海有24%加强,主要在我国海域,也有少部分进入朝鲜海峡、日本海和鄂霍次克海加强;登陆大陆入海加强的比率明显高于登陆台湾或登陆海南的比率。(2)RLSTC年平均有0.7个,逐年代减少,8月最多。(3)中心最低气压和最大风速加强最强的月份分别在8月和10月、加强最强的海域分别在南海和东黄海。(4)登陆时强度为强热带风暴的最多;其路径除了移向稳定者外,在南海和北部湾还有迂回盘转式。(5)明显加强主要发生在入海时刻,很少持续明显加强。进入东黄海的RLSTC以最大风速先于中心气压变化或仅有风速加强的情况居多,进入南海、北部湾入海后的风速、气压基本同步加强,迂回路径可在入海后72～132小时还会加强。 相似文献
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登陆海南的热带气旋中尺度降水分布变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用每小时地面观测资料和卫星资料,以1996-2005年在海南岛登陆的热带气旋为研究对象,按照气旋移动路径将其分为4大类,从4类不同路径的7个个例分析揭示了登陆海南热带气旋降水的中尺度特征及其分布变化.结果表明,不同路径的热带气旋登陆前10个小时之内,中尺度强降水基本上分布于热带气旋中心附近;而热带气旋登陆后,中尺度强降水开始出现明显的"离心"或"偏心"特征.不同路径的热带气旋在登陆前后,其最大降水中心的强度变化也有明显差异.登陆前后,中尺度强降水基本均出现在气旋中心西南到东南侧100～200km内,表现出明显的南北不对称.个例分析也证明,热带气旋强降水在空间和时间上都具有明显的中尺度特征. 相似文献
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环境场对东海登陆热带气旋陆地路径的影响 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：9
采用合成分析的方法，对比分析了在华东南部沿海登陆，维持较短陆地路径和维持较长陆地路径的两类热带气旋的环境场变化，结果表明：环境场对登陆热带气旋的陆地路径的维持有重要影响。当西北太平洋副热带高压迅速加强西伸；中低层低压环流迅速减弱；中低层环境热力条件差，海洋水汽输送中断；高层水平流场呈纬向型，青藏高原反气旋环流相对较弱而西北太平洋副热带高压反气旋环流强大，中纬带西风急流强大时，环境场的配置使热带气旋周围的高层水平辐散弱并衰减，低层水平辐合弱并衰减，热带气旋的对流被抑制，仅能维持较短路径很快就减弱消亡。反之，当西北太平洋副热带高压减弱东退，西风槽南压；低层低压环流长时间维持；中低层环境热力条件好，海洋水汽输送通畅；高层水平流场呈经向型，青藏高原反气旋环流相对强大而西北太平洋副热带高压反气旋环流减弱东退，中纬带西风急流较弱，低空东南风急流强大时，环境场的配置使热带气旋周围高层水平辐散强并维持，低层水平辐合强并维持，热带气旋的对流通畅，能维持较长生命史和较长的路径。 相似文献
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东亚高空纬向风的季节内振荡对登陆中国大陆热带气旋活动的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
使用1979—2015年欧洲长期天气预报中心所提供的ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）最佳路径资料,分析了7—8月东亚高空纬向风的季节内振荡（ISO）信号特征及其与登陆中国大陆热带气旋（TC）的关系。结果表明:（1）200 hPa纬向风在副热带、中纬度地区季节内振荡显著,尤其是在纬向西风带中,有两个南北分布的大值中心,方差贡献均超过50%。（2）基于东亚高空纬向风的ISO和EOF典型空间模定义的西风指数(EAWI),可以用来描述东亚高空纬向西风在ISO尺度上的经向移动。（3）在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,登陆中国东南沿岸22 °N以北的TC增多;反之减少。在西风急流出口南侧的副热带区域,200 hPa ISO纬向风向北移动,使纬向西风位置偏北,出现东风异常,从而使西风减弱;TC引导气流为向西的异常,有利于TC登陆中国大陆偏北沿岸;同时有异常的ISO纬向异常东风切变,有利于TC登陆过程的维持。（4）在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,在对流层高层西风急流出口区向南输送的天气尺度的E矢量,在TC登陆地区,出现异常扰动涡度通量的辐合,引起了该区域的西风减弱。 相似文献
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针对热带气旋观测中的敏感区域问题,用数值模拟的方法,以GRAPES-TCM为试验模式,对登陆中国的2个热带气旋“派比安”与“圣帕”进行了敏感性试验,并通过模拟其他4个热带气旋路径对试验结果进行了验证.结果显示,初始场的不确定性导致了热带气旋路径的不确定性,但初始场中涡旋场的变化对路径几乎没有影响,环境场中位于涡旋外、距... 相似文献