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1.
利用紧性理论，证明了扩散现象中出现的一类退缩抛物型方程组初边值问题解的存在性和唯一性。 相似文献
2.
运用乘子方法和“potential well”方法研究了一类四阶非线性波动方程,证明了当问题的初值满足一定条件时,问题一定不存在整体解。 相似文献
3.
对于球坐标系下的水汽方程,当考虑水汽的凝结或凝华过程时,利用水汽方程的特点得到了关于水汽方程的弱极值原理的较强形式。利用该弱极大值原理,证明了对于第一类、第二类和第三类边值问题,水汽方程解的唯一性和稳定性。利用Schauder方法,证明了对于第一类、第二类和第三类边值问题,C2空间连续的水汽方程解的存在性。此外,还严格证明了水汽方程古典解的非负性。
相似文献
4.
主要研究奇异非线性二阶诺伊曼边值问题的正解个数.应用比较原理、最大值原理和上界方法得出了在一定条件下,该问题恰好有5个正解的结果. 相似文献
5.
研究了一类椭圆抛物耦舍方程组解的存在性。在假设耦合系数σ（s）、k（s）∈W^1,m（R）,b∈[L^∞（Ω）]^2,c∈L^∞（Ω）且满足c-1/2△↓·b≥-（k1-α）λ1条件下,λ1这-△的第一特征值。α＞0.运用Faedo—Galerkin方法构造近似解,首先得出近似解在局部时间内存在,然后得出一些近似解的先验估计证明解可以延拓到区间[0,T],利用紧性定理得出解关于时间t和n无关。最后对逼近方程取极限,得出解整体存在。若耦合系数σ（s）、k（s）退化,构造其截断函数,仍可得出解存在且有界。 相似文献
6.
研究Logistic判别分析中的极大似然估计的存在性与唯一性问题,是一个在实际中碰到的难题。本文给出了分离及有重叠数据情况下的结论证明。 相似文献
7.
应用奇异非线性Dirichlet问题的上下解方法以及极大值原理,得到了一类奇异半线性Dirichlet问题正古典解的存在性,最后进一步给出解的正则性。 相似文献
8.
利用Sobolev空间范数,给出了一般形式的Liénard型方程周期解估计,通过Schauder不动点定理,证明了周期解的存在性。 相似文献
9.
利用Krasnoselskii不动点定理与不动点指数理论,研究了一类四阶m点边值问题正解的存在情况,在适当的条件下,证明了该类边值问题至少存在一个正解或两个正解. 相似文献
10.
利用Faedo—Galerkin方法证明了一类不定常热耦合Stokes问题弱解的存在性,并通过建立弱解对初边值的估计式得到弱解具有唯一性。 相似文献
11.
本文总结了近年来关于集值系统的研究工作:在辨识方面,从不同的系统结构、不同的噪声情况和不同的集值情形等方面进行了深入的研究,针对性地提出了参数解耦、比例满秩输入设计、联合可辨识、经验分布函数、递推投影辨识等有效的辨识方法,得到了一系列重要结果;在适应控制方面,都实现了一类集值增益系统的适应跟踪控制;在同步控制方面,提出了双时间尺度同步算法和递推投影同步算法,实现了二值量测下的多个体同步控制;在应用方面,分别将集值辨识应用到复杂疾病建模和雷达目标识别问题中,构造了新的、更为有效的统计验证方法,在低信噪比下将识别率提高了10%. 相似文献
12.
针对电涌保护器（SPD）级间能量配合试验中配合失效的问题,主要利用波的传输理论与基尔霍夫定律进行分析,结合JB/T 10618-2006（组合式电涌保护器）的规定假设一套组合型SPD,通过基础理论分析与精确计算得出：当被保护装置属于低频（直流）设备时,在不影响信号强度的情况下,退耦元件采用电感或电阻型元件均可;当被保护装置属于高频设备时,退耦元件只能选用低电感量的电阻型退耦元件.退耦元件的参数值均可按照波的传输理论与基尔霍夫定律进行理论计算.这在组合型SPD退耦元件的选型过程中,具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
13.
Bulk Mixing and Decoupling of the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer Characterized Using a Ubiquitous Natural Tracer 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Vertical mixing of the nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL) over a complex land surface is investigated for a range of stabilities, using a decoupling index ( $0 < D_{rb} < 1$ ) based on the 2–50 m bulk gradient of the ubiquitous natural trace gas radon-222. The relationship between $D_{rb}$ and the bulk Richardson number ( $R_{ib}$ ) exhibits three broad regions: (1) a well-mixed region ( $D_{rb} \approx 0.05$ ) in weakly stable conditions ( $R_{ib} < 0.03$ ); (2) a steeply increasing region ( $0.05 < D_{rb} < 0.9$ ) for “transitional” stabilities ( $0.03 < R_{ib} < 1$ ); and (3) a decoupled region ( $D_{rb} \approx 0.9$ –1.0) in very stable conditions ( $R_{ib} > 1$ ). $D_{rb}$ exhibits a large variability within individual $R_{ib}$ bins, however, due to a range of competing processes influencing bulk mixing under different conditions. To explore these processes in $R_{ib}$ – $D_{rb}$ space, we perform a bivariate analysis of the bulk thermodynamic gradients, various indicators of external influences, and key turbulence quantities at 10 and 50 m. Strong and consistent patterns are found, and five distinct regions in $R_{ib}$ – $D_{rb}$ space are identified and associated with archetypal stable boundary-layer regimes. Results demonstrate that the introduction of a scalar decoupling index yields valuable information about turbulent mixing in the SBL that cannot be gained directly from a single bulk thermodynamic stability parameter. A significant part of the high variability observed in turbulence statistics during very stable conditions is attributable to changes in the degree of decoupling of the SBL from the residual layer above. When examined in $R_{ib}$ – $D_{rb}$ space, it is seen that very different turbulence regimes can occur for the same value of $R_{ib}$ , depending on the particular combination of values for the bulk temperature gradient and wind shear, together with external factors. Extremely low turbulent variances and fluxes are found at 50 m height when $R_{ib} > 1$ and $D_{rb} \approx 1$ (fully decoupled). These “quiescent” cases tend to occur when geostrophic forcing is very weak and subsidence is present, but are not associated with the largest bulk temperature gradients. Humidity and net radiation data indicate the presence of low cloud, patchy fog or dew, any of which may aid decoupling in these cases by preventing temperature gradients from increasing sufficiently to favour gravity wave activity. The largest temperature gradients in our dataset are actually associated with smaller values of the decoupling index ( $D_{rb} < 0.7$ ), indicating the presence of mixing. Strong evidence is seen from enhanced turbulence levels, fluxes and submeso activity at 50 m, as well as high temperature variances and heat flux intermittencies at 10 m, suggesting this region of the $R_{ib}$ – $D_{rb}$ distribution can be identified as a top-down mixing regime. This may indicate an important role for gravity waves and other wave-like phenomena in providing the energy required for sporadic mixing at this complex terrain site. 相似文献
14.
基于能源消耗数据,采用IPCC碳核算方法和LMDI分解模型,探讨了2000—2019年江西省一次能源消费碳排放的变化及其主要影响因素,并通过Tapio脱钩模型进一步分析了经济增长与能源碳排放脱钩特征。结果表明： 1） 一次能源碳排放量整体呈上升趋势,碳排放强度总体呈下降趋势,其中2015年以后碳排放量年均增长速度放缓、碳排放强度下降速度加快。2） 对碳排放量增加起促进作用的因素为人口效应、经济产出效应和能源结构效应,其中经济产出效应的作用最为显著;起抑制作用的要素为能源强度效应,能源替代效应不明显。与2000—2015年仅能源强度效应使碳排放量下降的情况不同,2015—2019年能源强度效应、能源替代效应和能源结构效应均使碳排放量下降,其中能源强度效应贡献率比2000—2015年高3倍。3） 经济增长与能源消费碳排放量以弱脱钩为主,其中2016—2019年脱钩弹性呈逐渐减小趋势。 相似文献
15.
Reference emission scenarios in the literature have been the target of criticisms that suggest they convey too optimistic views on spontaneous energy-GDP decoupling of emerging countries economies. This article focuses on the case of India. It explores the role of current suboptimalities of the Indian power sector (structural under-investment in the sector leading to capacity shortage, power cuts and low efficiency) on future energy-GDP decoupling. To do so, it uses a hybrid general equilibrium framework, in which these suboptimalities are explicitly introduced. The results highlight that whether the constraints on investments in the power sector persist or not leads to contrasted trends in energy-GDP decoupling and GHG emissions. Over the short-term, capital scarcity in the power sector constrains the development of energy-intensive activities and therefore leads to higher energy-GDP decoupling. But on the longer-term, constrains on the power sector capacity limits substitution from fossil fuels to electricity, which entails both a low energy-GDP decoupling and a constraint on GDP growth when oil prices are high. The alleviation of suboptimalities appears thus as an insurance policy towards future oil price increase. 相似文献
16.
The cause of a night-time land-surface model cold bias over forest canopies at threedifferent sites is studied in connection with various formulations of turbulent transferand the phenomenon of decoupling between the surface and the boundary layer. Themodel is the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), a leading internationally knownmodel that has been tested over a variety of instrumented sites. The bias was first attributed to a deficient turbulent transfer and a few formulations were compared. One formulation is the classical log-linear profile with a sharp cut-off of the fluxes at a critical Richardsonnumber around 0.2, while in the other ones the flux decreases less rapidly with increasingstatic stability. While the surface-layer formulations have an impact on the modelled canopy temperature, other causes were found for the negative bias. The CLASS model neglected the heat capacity of the air trapped inside the canopy and its inclusion multiplied theeffective heat capacity of the canopy, by a factor ranging from 2.3 to 3.4 for the canopies studied, and reduced the error. A correction was also made to the air specific humidity at canopy level and the topsoil thermal conductivity was changed from that of organic matter to that of mineral soil. With these modifications, and using the incoming longwave radiative flux instead of the net longwave flux, the bias almost completely disappeared. Using ascheme with more heat transfer at large static stability, obtained by assuming that thefluxes decrease in magnitude with height in the surface layer, reduced the original biaswhile using the log-linear formulation amplified the cold bias. The impact of the turbulent transfer formulations is much reduced when they are applied to model runs in which the other above modifications have been made.The phenomenon of decoupling is presented and its understanding is complementedwith the new notions of `hard' versus `soft' decoupling and complete versus incompletedecoupling, depending on the impact decoupling has on the model and on the effectiveness of the model in achieving the decoupling. The geostrophic wind speed is a determiningfactor in separating cases of hard decoupling (rare) from the soft cases (frequent) while the completeness of the decoupling primarily depends on the form of the turbulent transfer curve as a function of static stability. 相似文献
17.
In this paper an evolution equation in integral-differential form for finite amplitude Rossby waves on a weak shear is presented and an efficient method for its numerical solution is set up. It is shown that a propa-gation of solitary wave is possible whenever a proper weak shear in basic flows acts with the nonlinear effects and dispersion of the media, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean. To test the numerical method for solving the evolution equation, a series of experiments are carried out. The results indicate that the solitary solutions do exist and interact with each other in quite a succinct, manner. Therefore the method is successful and efficient for solving initial value problems of the above equation. The time decoupling problem arising in the numerical scheme and the related filtering technique are discussed. A variety of interesting phenomena such as the interaction of solitary Rossby waves, damping, dispersion and the development of nonlinear wave train are numerically studied. 相似文献
18.
Despite a series of transport decarbonisation initiatives, transport carbon emissions have been growing in both absolute and relative terms since 1990, and this is contributing to climate change. This study scrutinises the decoupling experiences of transport carbon emissions in 16 selected countries, including both developed and developing countries, over a 29-year timeframe (1990–2018). Resting upon the concept of socio-ecological resilience, collaborative planning and policy-implementation gap, a new conceptual framework is proposed to understand transport decarbonisation policies. In doing so, data of transport carbon emissions and Real Gross National Income in Purchasing Power Parity (based 2017) are first analysed. Progress of decoupling is then categorized for each country in every five-year period (a total of 96 data points). We then select consecutive periods when a country moves towards absolute decoupling (i.e. improvement) or deviates from it (i.e. worsening) and identify relevant policy instruments implemented based on a nine-component strategic framework that addresses the policy-implementation gap. Results indicate that defining clear sectoral objectives in action plans and integrating a holistic policy package to reinforce sustainable transport is pivotal. While there are no magic bullets to achieve transport decarbonisation, the strategic framework can help enhance policy effectiveness by formulating context-specific strategies. 相似文献
19.
Fred C. Bosveld A.A. M. Holtslag B.J. J.M. Van Den Hurk 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(2):171-195
Infrared radiative surface temperatures as observed over a dense Douglas fir forest during stable atmospheric conditions are analyzed. It is shown that the concept of a single surface temperature to describe both the thermal coupling and the radiative coupling between atmosphere and forest fails when longwave cooling is large and wind speeds are low. In such cases a decoupling of the radiative surface temperature from the air temperature aloft is observed. Conditions for decoupling are formulated in terms of an appropriate Richardson number. It is shown that a convective surface temperature comes into play that is coupled to the forest interior air temperature. Observed radiative surface temperature is then composed of this convective surface temperature and the aerodynamic surface temperature. Forest interior air temperature during nighttime is, in general, lower than air temperature above the canopy. A simple two-layer canopy model is used to explain this phenomenon in terms of the distribution of atmospheric sensible heat flux and storage heat flux over the two canopy layers. 相似文献
20.
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over a given coastal station is influenced by the presence of mesoscale sea breeze circulation, together with the local and synoptic weather, which directly or indirectly modulate the vertical thickness of ABL (z ABL). Despite its importance in the characterization of lower tropospheric processes and atmospheric modeling studies, a reliable climatology on the temporal evolution of z ABL is not available over the tropics. Here, we investigate the challenges involved in determination of the ABL heights, and discuss an objective method to define the vertical structure of coastal ABL. The study presents a two year morphology on the diurnal evolution of the vertical thickness of sea breeze flow (z SBF) and z ABL in association with the altitudes of lifting condensation level (z LCL) over Thiruvananthapuram (8.5° N, 76.9° E), a representative coastal station on the western coastline of the Indian sub-continent. We make use of about 516 balloon-borne GPS sonde measurements in the present study, which were carried out as part of the tropical tropopause dynamics field experiment under the climate and weather of the sun-earth system (CAWSES)–India program. Results obtained from the present study reveal major differences in the temporal evolution of the ABL features in relation to the strength of sea breeze circulation and monsoonal wind flow during the winter and summer monsoon respectively. The diurnal evolution in z ABL is very prominent in the winter monsoon as against the summer monsoon, which is attributed to the impact of large-scale monsoonal flow over the surface layer meteorology. For a majority of the database, the z LCL altitudes are found to be higher than that of the z ABL, indicating a possible decoupling of the ABL with the low-level clouds. 相似文献