共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
冬小麦土壤墒情预报及优化灌溉技术的计算机模型 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
利用土壤水分平衡方程，根据我省冬小麦的生长规律及冬小麦优化灌溉技术推广经验，建立了冬小麦土壤墒情预报及优化灌溉技术的计算机模型，利用该模型，可以较准确地预报未来1个月的土壤墒情变化，并可根据我省小麦的不同发育期给出以最高产量和最佳经济效益为目标的两种灌溉建议。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
河南省土壤湿度年变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用河南省土壤墒情预报模型中建立的河南省台站土壤墒情数据库资料，对不同类型土壤湿度进行分析，从而确定不同类型土壤湿度差异、地下水对土壤湿度的影响及河南省土壤湿度的年变化规律。 相似文献
6.
基于自动土壤水分观测站数据建立本地土壤水分变化模型,通过人工取土烘干法观测的实际土壤湿度数值对自动土壤水分观测站数据进行修正和校订,再由修正过的自动土壤水分观测站数据作为当日的初始湿度,通过天气预报中无降水日数或降水日期及雨量大小做出未来一段时间内的失墒或增墒的模型,再通过不同的气象条件对增、失墒进行相关订正,做出相应的土壤墒情的预报,最后根据土壤墒情预报结果对照本地的土壤干旱量级指标,从而随时做出快速准确的本地旱情预报,为各级领导组织指挥农业生产、开展人影作业、指导农民进行田间管理等活动提供及时可靠的决策依据。本文通过此模型对2012年松原地区夏季干旱情况进行预报,再通过实际土壤墒情实况进行对比,预报结果基本正确。由于人工测值有一定随机性,所以人工观测值与自动站观测数据的对比只能做为参考而不可能完全吻合。但从长期数据应用情况来看,基于土壤自动水分观测站的土壤墒情监测及干旱预报模型方便稳定,反应水分变化趋势更有连续性。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
本研究利用WRF模式及其三维变分同化系统实现了对NOAA-16 AMSU-A微波资料的直接同化,针对2010年6月19日江西地区的一次强降水过程开展模拟与同化试验,并利用中国区域土壤湿度同化系统(CLSMDAS—China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System)输出的土壤湿度值替换NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)资料中的土壤湿度,研究土壤湿度初值对辐射率资料直接同化中观测场与背景场偏差调整的影响。结果表明:采用CLSMDAS输出土壤湿度初值条件下模拟的亮温值与实际观测值更为接近,经过质量控制和偏差订正后更多的观测资料能够进入到同化系统中,说明改进的土壤湿度初值条件下观测算子的计算值得到正的调整,对低层地表通道的改进效果明显,尤其以50.3 GHz的窗区通道3的结果最为理想;针对此次强降水过程中24 h累积降水分布的模拟结果,CLSMDAS输出土壤湿度初值条件下同化AMSU-A资料,能够较为准确的把握整个雨带的走向、大雨以上级别降水的落区范围、降水中心落区及强度等。说明准确的土壤湿度初值能够改进卫星辐射率资料的同化结果,进而提高数值模式的模拟预报能力。 相似文献
13.
脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度影响的动力机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤湿度直接作用于植被的呼吸、蒸腾和各种化学反应, 是生态气象学的重要的环境因素。降雨和蒸发作为土壤湿度的两个重要扰动因子, 对其进行定性的理论分析及定量的数值分析具有重要意义, 尤其在半干旱和干旱地区。蒸发对土壤湿度具有持续的耗散作用, 可以视为连续的, 而降雨作为湿度补充作用具有脉冲效应。为阐释降雨和蒸发对土壤湿度的影响, 该文通过建立脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度响应模型, 并对其进行定性分析, 得到此微分方程系统的周期解的充分条件。在此基础上, 通过Forcal对方程参数拟合, 并以Maple作为数值分析工具, 对此系统进行数值模拟。 相似文献
14.
15.
The increase in the occurrence of hot extremes is known to have resulted in serious consequences for human society and ecosystems. However,our ability to seasonally predict hot extremes remains poor,largely due to our limited understanding of slowly evolving earth system components such as soil moisture,and their interactions with climate. In this study,we focus on North China,and investigate the relationship of the spring soil moisture condition to summer hot extremes using soil moisture data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System and observational temperature for the period 1981–2008. It is found that local soil moisture condition in spring is closely linked to summer hot days and heat waves over North China,accounting for 19%–34% of the total variances. Spring soil moisture anomalies can persist to the summer season,and subsequently alter latent and sensible heat fluxes,thus having significant effects on summer hot extremes. Our findings indicate that the spring soil moisture condition can be a useful predictor for summer hot days and heat waves over North China. 相似文献
16.
地气耦合系统中温湿变化的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文提出了计算地气耦合系统中温度和湿度变化的一维数值模式,在土壤中,利用热量平衡和水份平衡原理计算土壤温度和湿度,在大气中,考虑了长短波辐射、云量和凝结等因素对大气温湿变化的影响。选择一种代表性土壤对模式进行了检验,结果发现,模式能较好地模拟诸多物理量的日变化过程。计算表明,大气和土壤的初始温湿分布,对结果有较大影响。本文的原理可应用于大气环流模式中陆气相互作用过程的参数化。 相似文献
17.
Effect of moisture content on ammonia emissions from broiler litter: A laboratory study 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zifei Liu Lingjuan Wang David Beasley Edgar Oviedo 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,58(1):41-53
A dynamic flow-through chamber system was designed to measure ammonia emissions from broiler litter and to investigate the
responses of ammonia emissions to litter moisture content under laboratory-controlled conditions. It was observed that ammonia
emissions from litter were very sensitive to litter moisture content. As water was added to the litter, the total ammoniac
nitrogen content (TAN) in the litter increased, and can potentially increase ammonia emissions. However, measurements of ammonia
concentrations in the chamber and total nitrogen losses from litter samples all suggested that water applied to the litter
also had an effect of suppressing ammonia emissions for a short time. After enough time (1 to 2 weeks) was allowed, higher
moisture content in litter eventually resulted in higher ammonia emissions. It was also noticed that, at very high litter
moisture content, even when more time was allowed, ammonia concentrations began to decrease as moisture content further increased. 相似文献
18.
Satellite Monitoring of the Surface Water and
Energy Budget in the Central Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The water and energy cycle in the Tibetan Plateau is an important component of Monsoon Asia and the global energy and water cycle. Using data at a CEOP （Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period）-Tibet site, this study presents a first-order evaluation on the skill of weather forecasting from GCMs and satellites in producing precipitation and radiation estimates. The satellite data, together with the satellite leaf area index, are then integrated into a land data assimilation system （LDAS-UT） to estimate the soil moisture and surface energy budget on the Plateau. The system directly assimilates the satellite microwave brightness temperature, which is strongly affected by soil moisture but not by cloud layers, into a simple biosphere model. A major feature of this system is a dual-pass assimilation technique, which can auto-calibrate model parameters in one pass and estimate the soil moisture and energy budget in the other pass. The system outputs, including soil moisture, surface temperature, surface energy partition, and the Bowen ratio, are compared with observations, land surface models, the Global Land Data Assimilation System, and four general circulation models. The results show that this satellite data-based system has a high potential for a reliable estimation of the regional surface energy budget on the Plateau. 相似文献
19.
用区域气候模式 (RegCM_NCC) 对江淮流域地区春季初始土壤湿度异常导致的区域气候效应进行了数值模拟分析, 结果表明:土壤湿度异常变化对区域降水的影响非常显著, 土壤湿度的正异常使得异常区域内降水增大, 地面空气增湿、蒸发加大, 与此相应, 地表气温迅速降低, 土壤湿度的负异常有与之相反的结果, 这种区域气候响应是通过改变地表辐射平衡及地-气系统能通量而实现的; 区域土壤湿度异常对短期气候的影响在一个月之内较明显, 它的影响可持续至以后的几个月, 但强度逐渐减弱; 区域土壤湿度异常的气候响应不仅仅局限于异常区域内部, 而且可以通过次级环流影响到其他区域的降水、温度等变化。 相似文献
20.
A. E. Efimov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(9):641-649
The method is proposed to determine the main fluxes characterizing the surface stratified layer of plants’ habitat using the
Monin-Obukhov length scale. The gradient measurements of the profiles of wind flow speed, relative humidity, and air temperature
are carried out. The experimental data are obtained using the mobile automated system. The wavelet analysis of time series
is carried out. The nonlinear equation system is numerically solved to determine the heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes which
can be used for the optimum control of the plant moisture supply in the agricultural field. 相似文献