共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
利用中尺度数值模式设计一组高分辨率理想试验,采用位涡趋势方法定量诊断分析热带气旋在登陆我国华东沿海地形时,其运动发生的精细化变化以及不同因子的贡献。结果表明,平地的存在使得登陆热带气旋移速相对更快,当华东沿海地形存在时,热带气旋移速显著增大,这种增速现象主要是由于平地和地形所引起的非对称气流以及相应的引导气流变化所致,这很可能是导致预报路径误差的一个重要原因。平地试验中,陆地在热带气旋低层激发出中小尺度的非对称气流,与之不同的是,实际地形的加入激发出更大尺度并且更强的非对称偏南气流。位涡趋势方法的诊断结果表明,非引导效应总体而言对热带气旋运动贡献较小,这是因为这些因子相互抵消,但在不同的垂直层次上,不同的非引导因子贡献存在明显的差异。 相似文献
2.
台风登陆前后雨带断裂与非对称降水的成因分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对“海棠”台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示：台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关：台风登陆前后,200 hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22～25 °N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。 相似文献
3.
4.
Eun-Hyuk Baek Joo-Hong Kim Jong-Seong Kug Gyu-Ho Lim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):333-346
This study identifies favorable synoptic backgrounds for indirect precipitation events over the Korean Peninsula that occur well in advance of tropical cyclone (TC) landfall. Two TCs, i.e., Rammasun (2002) and Maemi (2003) that made landfall and produced heavy rainfall over the Peninsula are compared. Although both had a remarkably similar accumulated rainfall pattern over the peninsula, the temporal evolutions of hourly rainfall were different. Only Maemi had an indirect precipitation event in conjunction with a midlatitude trough to its north. The confluent flows at middle-to-upper levels were strengthened due to the increased pressure gradient between the midlatitude trough and the subtropical high, and the warm advection by the confluent flows also became stronger near the confluent zone. By contrast, Rammasun encountered the subtropical ridge while moving northward, which results in slow recurvature and reduction of the thermal gradient over the peninsula. The highly baroclinic synoptic backgrounds in the Maemi case lead to the midlevel frontogenesis. Budget analyses using the three-dimensional frontogenesis equation revealed that the horizontal deformation forcing had a primary role in generating the front. The front was associated with a thermally direct circulation that contributed to strong ascent and indirect precipitation over the peninsula well in advance of the landfall of Maemi. Moreover, the indirect precipitation could intensify due to the abundant low-level moisture supply to the frontal zone by the southerly wind on the east side of the TC. 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP FNL 1 °×1 °的全球再分析资料、FY-2F卫星相当黑体亮温TBB资料、中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,重点分析了台风Lekima(2019)发展演变过程中的动热力结构变化和水汽分布特征与浙江极端强降水之间的关系。台风Lekima(2019)近海急剧加强为具有特殊双眼壁结构的超强台风,登陆前后环境水平风垂直切变维持较小值是主导台风高强度维持的重要原因。浙江上空维持着强盛的低层辐合和高层辐散场,高低层辐散风的高强度维持使得次级环流抽吸作用强,低层旋转风和辐散风对水汽、动量和热量的输送和分布起到显著的再分配作用,而中层的辐散风风向和风速变化对螺旋云带中的中尺度对流性降水具有重要的指示意义。登陆前后台风低层东北侧(超)低空急流和中层的辐合线是此次浙江台风暴雨的关键点,业务中需密切关注登陆前后台风东北侧的低空急流的影响区域及其变化。此外,700 hPa上非地转湿Q矢量散度场能较好指示未来1小时短时强降水的落区和强度变化,同时结合垂直速度场和低层水汽辐合场来综合判断台风降水落区的效果更佳。 相似文献
6.
Using data of tropical cyclones making landfall in
China between May and October each year during the 1951-2015
period from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological
Administration (CMA-STI) Tropical Cyclone (TC) Best Track
Dataset, we developed a method of rapid classification of TC
tracks based on their average movement velocities and noted
three types of tracks: a westward type, a northwestward type,
and a northward type. We compared the climate characteristics of
the westward and northward types and discuss their corresponding
causes. The results show that the westward and northward types
account for more than 80% of all TCs making landfall in China.
Their climate characteristics, such as the frequency, landfall
intensity, duration over land, velocity over land, movement
distance over land, and other changes, show both similarities
and differences. Both TC types show significant increases in
their over-land durations, indicating that the effects of these
landfalling TCs are increasing. However, the causes of these two
TC types are similar and different in certain respects. The
changes in large-scale steering flows have significantly
affected the frequencies and over-land velocities of the
landfalling TCs of the westward and northward types. In
addition, differences between the changes in formation locations
of the westward and northward types may lead to significant
difference in their landfall intensities. 相似文献
7.
Cluster analysis of post-landfall tracks of landfalling tropical cyclones over China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we apply finite-mixture-model-based clustering algorithms to cluster post-landfall tracks of tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall over China. Because existing studies find that landfall surfaces or elevations affect post-landfall TC movements, we also take account of elevations in addition to time orders in this model. Our study reveals three clusters, with cluster 1 making landfall in Hainan province and moving across the western coast of Guangdong province. Most of the TC tracks in cluster 1 move over the ocean and make secondary landfalls over Yunnan province of China and Vietnam. Cluster 1 finally dissipates inland and moves westward as a result of the westward-shift subtropical high, westward steering flow, easterly vertical wind shear and strong mountainous blocking. Cluster 2 makes landfall over Guangdong and Fujian provinces. TCs in cluster 2 subsequently move inland and disappear due largely to westward-shift subtropical high, easterly steering flow, easterly vertical wind shear and relatively strong mountainous blocking. Cluster 3 makes landfall along the Fujian and Zhejiang coast and sustains a long period of time, recurving mostly to the mid-latitude region owing to the surrounding eastward-shift subtropical high, westerly vertical wind shear, weak mountainous blocking and westerly steering flow. Because cluster 2 is significantly associated with La Niña events, TCs more likely make landfall over southeastern China coast and move westward or northwestward without recurving. Cluster 3 sustains a longer time than clusters 1 and 2 in spite of its weak horizontal and vertical water vapor supply. TCs in cluster 3 interact actively with westerlies during the post-landfall period. However, we cannot observe any analogous interactions with the mid-latitude westerlies in clusters 1 and 2. TCs of clusters 1 and 2 are influenced by summer monsoon flows. Moreover, summer monsoon exerts a greater influence on cluster 1 than cluster 2. The composite 200 hPa divergence of cluster 3 is stronger than that of clusters 1 and 2. This explains to some degree why cluster 3 sustains longer than clusters 1 and 2 after making landfall. 相似文献
8.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DAMAGES IN CHINA UNDER GLOBAL WARMING 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Over the past 25 years, an annual average of 6 to 7 tropical cyclones (TCs) made landfall on China mainland and Hainan Island with an average intensity of 29.9 m/s at landfall and maintained at least tropical storm intensity for 15.6 hours over land, leading to 505 deaths and 37 billion yuan in direct economic loss, which accounted for 0.4% of the annual GDP of China. Although there was little change in the overall landfall frequency, intensity at landfall and overland duration, the annual total direct economic loss increased significantly due to the rapid economic development over the past 25 years. Under global warming, the intensity of TCs that made landfall on Hainan decreased but the overland duration and frequency of TCs that made landfall on Fujian and Zhejiang increased. At the national and provincial levels, the ratio of the direct economic loss to GDP and casualties caused by landfall tropical cyclones decreased, suggesting the effectiveness of disaster prevention and reduction in China. 相似文献
9.
将谱逼近方法应用到台风Megi(2010)数值模拟试验中,通过选择不同物理量配置,分析得到影响台风Megi路径变化的关键环境场因子,并在此基础上分析关键因子不同高度范围和不同尺度信息对台风路径变化的影响。结果表明,采用谱逼近方法能够有效降低整个模拟时段,尤其是路径北折阶段台风路径模拟偏差,其中天气尺度环境风场是影响台风路径变化的关键因子。在过岛阶段,谱逼近850 hPa以上的中低层环境风场造成模拟路径偏差增大,但是改善了台风路径北折阶段的路径模拟结果;此外500~1 000 km尺度的中尺度环境风场对Megi转折以及转折后的移速移向具有重要影响,也减小了过岛阶段路径偏差的增长程度。通过分析各试验对主要天气系统、引导气流以及台风内部结构的模拟结果表明,谱逼近环境风场能够改善模式对中低纬环流系统的模拟,有利于更为准确地得到路径转折阶段的引导气流;同时谱逼近环境风场后会影响台风内部结构,对台风路径模拟的移速移向造成影响。 相似文献
10.
浙江沿海登陆台风结构特性的多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省新一代多普勒雷达组网资料,选取在浙江东南沿海近乎同一地点登陆的3个台风进行研究。从登陆前6 h到登陆后7 h,对比分析3个台风在登陆前后的雷达回波和降水结构时空变化特征。利用单多普勒雷达四维变分风场反演技术,对温州多普勒雷达探测资料进行了风场反演。结合利用雷达回波强度资料,对3个台风登陆前后1 h在云岩、昌禅等地造成特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的三维结构及其演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明,台风强度与其螺旋云带中的对流单体密切相关。台风强度愈强,其中低层环状平均回波强度就愈强,对流活动也就愈旺盛,降水强度也愈大。台风登陆前,回波(雨带)从眼墙向外围传播。台风登陆后,随着台风外围回波(雨带)明显减弱,台风眼墙回波(雨带)则明显增强,台风眼区逐渐被强回波所取代,使台风登陆后眼墙的平均雨强比登陆前增大。台风登陆后1 h,由于低(高)层水平辐合(散)增强,强对流回波中倾斜的上升(下沉)气流明显增大,使对流运动更加活跃,造成登陆后1 h的降雨量显著增强。台风强度与登陆后1 h降雨量的增强幅度成正比。台风强度越强,垂直风切变就越大,垂直切变风速大值区与最大降雨区有较好的对应关系。台风登陆后1 h,垂直切变风速的明显增加对登陆台风螺旋雨带中的中小尺度对流的加强和维持起到了非常重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTION ASSOCIATED WITH TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON THE EAST CHINA COAST 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The asymmetric distribution of convection associated with tropical cyclones making landfall on the east China coast is studied with black-body temperature (TBB) data from Fengyun-2 (FY-2) geostationary weather satellite. The convection in various quadrants of the TCs is examined for the period of -24 to 6 h relative to landfall. The convection to the southern side of the TCs was much more intense than that to the northern side during the whole landfall period. The convection to the western side of the TCs was stronger than that to the eastern side for the time -8 h before and at the landfall. After landfall, the situation reverses. The asymmetric convection of the TCs was partly due to the vertical wind shear and storm motion, and partly because the process of landfall restrained the convection in relevant quadrants. Besides, the orographic uplift along the east of China was favorable to the enhancement of convection in the eastern side of the TCs. From the characteristics of convective asymmetry of the TCs landing on the south and east of China, it is known that their main difference might be the included angle between the TC path and the coastline as well as the terrain along the coast. 相似文献
12.
本文利用非静力平衡的中尺度模式MM5(V3)对2004年14号台风RANANIM("云娜")在登陆前近海加强及登陆初期的过程进行了54 h模拟,并加入人造台风优化初始场。结果表明:MM5能比较好地模拟出台风近海及登陆初期的移动路径及台风中心气压的变化。利用数值模拟结果,讨论了RANANIM(2004)台风在近海加强过程中的环流、动力和热力结构特征。发现在台风RANANIM近海加强的过程中对应有高空200 hPa净辐散场的存在,台风中心气压随净辐散值的增大而降低,反之亦然。净辐散值的减小对台风中心气压的快速升高有着预示的作用;垂直环流在强度和空间分布上发生了明显的变化。台风加强后,台风中心上方出现了明显的补偿性下沉气流;对流层低层存在明显的冷暖空气堆积,且当冷暖空气强度相当时有利于台风的增强;台风中心上方的正涡度柱逐渐发展为东西不对称分布,垂直方向上伸展高度保持不变或升高,而且在量值上也要更大。 相似文献
13.
近58年来登陆中国热带气旋气候变化特征 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
利用1949-2006年<台风年鉴>和<热带气旋年鉴>资料,主要分析了1949-2006年登陆中国热带气旋的频数、登陆位置、登陆季节延续期和登陆强度等要素及其概率分布的年际和年代际变化特征.结果表明:近58年来,登陆中国热带气旋年频数有减少趋势,但登陆时达台风强度的年频数变化不明显;按登陆地点分区统计发现,登陆华南地区的热带低压及(强)热带风暴年频数以减少为主,而登陆东部地区的热带气旋年频数变化不明显.登陆点历年最北位置(最南位置)有南移(弱的北移)趋势,导致登陆点历年南北最大纬度差逐渐减小,这表明热带气旋登陆区域更为集中,在23°-35°N增多,而在35°N以北和23°N以南以减少为主.登陆中国热带气旋季节延续期缩短了近1个月.热带气旋年平均登陆强度及其概率分布偏度有增加趋势,表明登陆的强台风有增加;登陆中国华南和东部地区的台风强度都有增强趋势,前者比后者趋势更明显.另外,热带气旋年最大登陆强度差长期呈现减小的趋势. 相似文献
14.
The locations(longitudes and latitudes)of the tropical cyclones(TCs)making landfall on the Chinese mainland from 1949 to 2008 are investigated in detail by using ArcGis and FORTRAN routine.The southeast coastline[110 to 122°E)with most landfall TCs was selected as the key region,which was divided into 12 subsections with 1°intervals of longitude.The study period was from July to September in each year.The result showed that the average sustaining time of TCs making landfall on the subsections east of 118°E is longer than those west of 118°E.Before landfall,the averaged TC intensity in the subsections east of118°E is stronger than that west of it.After landfall,however,the difference between the west and east is not significant.The index of destructive potential for the period before/after landfall was defined as TDP1/TDP2.The maximum of TDP1/TDP2 occurred in the subsection of[119,120°E)/[110,111°E).The ENSO impact on the frequency and average location of landfall TC over the whole region at 110 to 122°E is not obvious,but the effect varies with specific subsections.There is little differences of averaged TDP1 in the subsections between different phases of ENSO events,but the averaged TDP2 is larger in the warm events than that in the cold events.The rainstorm days of each station caused by TCs in different subsections were counted respectively.The results suggested that the rainstorm days of the subsections east of 118°E are much more than those west of 118°E.The larger values are primarily distributed at the subsections of[119,120°E)and[110,111°E). 相似文献
15.
麦莎台风登陆后能量过程与水汽供应的诊断研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对0509号台风"麦莎(Matsa)"登陆后长时间维持并轻度加强的过程进行了诊断研究,此过程涉及到多种因素.位涡分析表明,当中纬度西风槽东移,该槽底部分裂出的一个较小的正位涡中心与"麦莎"合并使"麦莎"的涡旋动能增强,而在9日之后"麦莎"与槽主体合并的阶段,槽区主要的正位涡中心与"麦莎"融合.动能收支分析发现,"麦莎"登陆北移过程中,高层的无辐散风穿越等高线将位能转换为动能这一过程较"麦莎"的整体加强为早,而辐散风是低层动能的主要来源.中低层天气尺度系统为积云对流的发展提供动能,而积云对流释放潜热又为高层动能的维持提供了帮助.将"麦莎"与北美"Agnes"飓风比较后发现,"麦莎"加强程度比"Agnes"较弱的原因之一,是高层的无辐散风把台风环流内的动能向环境输出,而"Agnes"飓风则是环境区有大量动能向台风环流区输送.分析水汽来源可知,在"麦莎"登陆期间及其后副热带和热带的两条水汽通道同时或分别为"麦莎"的积云对流提供了足够的水汽供应. 相似文献
16.
Impacts of Four Types of ENSO Events on Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over Mainland China Based on Three Best-track Datasets简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Impacts of EI Nino Modoki （ENM）, La Nina Modoki （LNM）, canonical EI Nifio （CEN） and canonical La Nifia （CLN） on tropical cyclones （TCs） that made landfall over mainland China during 1951-2011 are analysed using best-track data from China, the USA and Japan. Relative to cold phase years （LNM and CLN）, landfalling TCs in warm years （ENM and CEN） have a farther east genesis location, as well as longer track lengths and durations, both in total and before landfall. ENM demonstrates the highest landfall frequency, most northerly mean landfall position, and shortest after-landfall sustainability （track length and duration）, which indicate a more frequent and extensive coverage of mainland China by TCs, but with shorter after-landfall influence. CEN has low landfall frequency and the most southerly mean landfall location. LNM has the most westerly genesis location, being significantly farther west than the 1951-2011 average and leading to short mean track lengths and durations both in total or before landfall, all of which are significantly shorter than the 1951-2011 average. Variations in the low-level wind anomaly, vertical wind shear, mid-level relative humidity, steering flow, the monsoon trough and the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） can to some extent account for the features of frequency, location, track length and duration of landfalling TCs. Since ENSO Modoki is expected to become more frequent in the near future, the results for ENSO Modoki presented in this paper are of particular significance. 相似文献
17.
The correlation and composite analysis are carried out in this paper to study major factors affecting the track of tropical cyclones (TCs) after their landfall in the east of China. The mid-tropospheric environmental steering flow is found to dominate the movement of a TC even after landfall, with the inertia and Coriolis force two other subordinates. A key region is discovered covering the east of China and Yellow Sea, in which the environmental flow significantly affects the movement of TCs making landfall in this part of China. When the subtropical high in this region strengthens and extends westward, accompanied by northward shrink of the westerly trough, the TC tends to move westward after landfall and disappear inland. However, when the subtropical high in this region weakens and shrinks eastward, accompanied by southward push of the westerly trough, the TC tends to recurve after landfall and re-enter the sea at a location to the north of the site of landfall. The environment before the landfall of a TC has little impact on its post-landfall track, which is sensitive to the environmental change 12 – 24 hours after landfall. A 6-hour lag is found between the environmental change and the movement of a TC after landfall. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, the evolution of the microphysical characteristics in different regions(eyewall, inner core, and outer rainbands) and different quadrants [downshear left(DL), downshear right(DR), upshear left(UL), and upshear right(UR)]during the final landfall of Typhoon Ewiniar(2018) is analyzed using two-dimensional video disdrometer and S-band polarimetric radar data collected in Guangdong, China. Due to the different types of underlying surfaces, the periods before landfall(mainly dominated ... 相似文献
19.
登陆中国大陆不同区间的热带气旋特征初步分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用地理信息系统及程序计算得到了1949—2008年登陆中国大陆的热带气旋(TC)登陆点经纬度信息,在此基础上对登陆中国大陆的TC进行分析,最终选择110～122°E海岸线为研究区域,7—9月为研究时段,且将110～122°E海岸线以1°E为间隔划分为12段,分析这12段海岸线登陆TC的基本特征发现:118°E以东的区间TC登陆前后平均维持时间及登陆前平均强度基本上为大于118°E以西的区间,登陆后平均强度东西两段相差不大;定义了TC登陆前(后)破坏潜力指数TDP1(TDP2),TDP1(TDP2)最大值出现在区间[119,120°E)([110,111°E));ENSO事件对7—9月登陆110～122°E段的TC频数、平均登陆点位置影响并不明显,对各区间登陆TC的影响也不尽相同;各区间平均TDP1冷暖事件年对比差别较大,平均TDP2在暖事件年基本上比冷事件年大;1961—2008年,各区间对应的暴雨总站次,118°E以东的区间要远大于以西的区间,就空间分布而言,较大值的分布出现在区间[119,120°E),[110,111°E)。 相似文献
20.
Based on a successful simulation of Typhoon Haikui (2012) using WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting) model with the WSM6 microphysics scheme, a high-resolution model output is presented and analyzed in this study. To understand the cause of the average gridded rainfall stability and increases after Haikui’s landfall, this research examines the fields of the physical terms as well as the vapor and condensate distributions and budgets, including their respective changes during the landing process. The environmental vapor supply following the typhoon landfall has no significant difference from that before the landfall. Although Haikui’s secondary circulation weakens, this circulation is not conducive to typhoon rainfall stability or increases, although the amounts of the six kinds of water substances (vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, snow, rain, and graupel) increase in the outer region of the typhoon. This reallocation of water substances is essential to the maintenance of rainfall. The six kinds of water substances are classified as vapor, clouds (cloud water and ice) and precipitation (snow, rain, and graupel) to diagnose their budgets. This sorting reveals that the changes in the budgets of different kinds of water substances, caused by the reduced mixing ratios of snow and ice, the water consumption of clouds, and the transformation of graupel, induce increased concentrations of precipitation fallout, which occur closer to the ground after typhoon landfall. In addition, this pattern is an efficient way for Haikui’s rainfall to remain stable after its landfall. Thus, the allocation and budget analyses of water substances are meaningful when forecasting the typhoon rainfall stability and increases after landfall. 相似文献